明代武昌的“城中城”

城史浅说公元222年,刘备亲率大军讨伐东吴为关羽报仇并争夺荆州,结果彝陵(今宜昌东)一战几乎全军覆灭。吴王孙权“知东南形胜必在上流也,于是城夏口,都武昌”(《方舆纪要》)。晋代陈寿写的《吴志·孙权传》中,亦有“吴赤乌二年城沙羡,吴黄武二年(223年)二月,城江夏山”的记载。

内部人视角下的黑帮世界:《城中城——社会学家的街头发现》

1989年进入芝加哥大学社会学系攻读博士学位的美国社会学家素德·文卡特斯,为了研究城市贫困问题而进入了当时芝加哥最为著名的“城中城”贫民窟--罗伯特·泰勒计划区,却意外地结识了黑帮团伙的老大J.T.,也因此踏入了这个与黑帮世界息息相关的社区,开始了一场作为内部人的田野调查。素德·文卡特斯将他的日常经历以及所见所闻统统记录了下来,为我们刻画了黑帮世界的日常以及社区居民的生活,他成为了“其中的一员”,并从内部解释了黑帮组织、社区暴力、利益纷争等问题产生的原因,素德·文卡特斯打破了社会科学研究的局限性,并引起了现代文明中的人们产生新的思考。

内疚之下的无奈与启示——以《城中城》看当今社会的现实映射

《城中城》一书于2016年再版,借此书再次回顾和社会学自身一样古老的田野调查这一研究方法,探寻作者在进行社会学研究过程中所遇到的困扰,并对本书描述的美国黑人社区与当下的中国社会进行对比。

“城中城”为谁而建? 花果园的“魔幻”与“烟火”

如果说,要想把一个小区当成一个"观光景点",那么贵阳花果园定是当之无愧的首选地。花果园,位于贵阳市中心,曾经号称全国乃至亚洲第一大楼盘/常驻人口达40多万,相当于三个北京天通苑、四个回龙观。这里有现代都市的魔幻,也有人间烟火的气息,要想了解贵阳,花果园是必到之处。

城中城

“噗……”随着老张一弯腰一用力,漱口水在他胸前到地面之间画出一道曲线。红砖、灰瓦、老槐树,望着这四合院儿里的边边角角,老张有些惬意地伸了伸懒腰。这修造于不知何年间的四合院,作为仅存的非智能化建筑,在这座城市的中心独立地存在着。当初城改,是老张豁了性命才保住了它。渗透进城市每个毛孔的新科技,却并未真正走进老张的内心。他觉得儿时巨大的老槐树,清澈的小溪,雨后泥土的清香,都在这新科技的时代渐行渐远。窗边石砖搭起的红墙,仿佛一座座抵御侵蚀的堡垒,顽强地支撑着。

绥芬河上游古城遗址中又发现城中城

本文记述了绥芬河上游古城遗址中城中城的发现过程及其位置构造。保护好此山城遗址,对研究绥芬河流域历史变迁、民族迁徙征战、文化特征、生产力发展等都有重要历史意义和学术价值。

城中城的建筑巡礼 巴库内城:时光胶囊中的鲜活城市

2000多年的历史长河中,巴库就像是一只鸣蝉,在地下的泥土里等待了太长的时间。但是,这座内城,也像是一粒时间胶囊:从波斯文明的少女塔到伊斯兰文化的清真寺、希尔凡皇宫,从丝路时期的驼队驿站到石油繁荣时代的欧式建筑,它们仿佛穿越漫长的时光,在这里相聚和定格。

伤与思:台湾高雄“城中城”大火致46人丧生

10月14日,台湾高雄市盐揑区“城中城”大楼发生火灾,造成46人遇难、41人受伤。这是近26年来台湾最严重的火灾事故,遇难者平均年龄超过60岁,而这一天,是农历九月初九——中国人的重阳节、敬老节。

行为与用地对城市交通规划的影响

回顾了公交导向发展对社区与城市发展的影响,以"城中城"为例,提出综合考虑用地、行为、交通三方面因素对城市和社区进行规划的方法,以期提高居民生活环境质量,缓解城市交通压力。

生活就是要“京”彩

扬州京华城中城生活置业有限公司成立于2003年6月26日，是由扬城开发有限公司全额出资的集项目建设．销售、租赁．服务为一体的外商独资经营开发企业．

World Cities and International Organizations: Political Global-city Status of Chinese Cities

In this study, the authors use a political perspective to explore the relative global status of cities in China. Two questions are addressed. Firstly, by using international organizations as the subjects and quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution of their offices, the overall position of Chinese cities in the global distribution of international organizations is estimated. The results show that 22 Chi- nese cities are involved in international political affairs. Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou dominate these activities and have high po- litical global-city status. Secondly, through qualitative analysis of Guangzhou City, the authors explore how its status as a center for intemational organizations has been shaped in recent years. The locational decision-making process is analyzed and the factors are demonstrated at both national and city scales. The definition of international organizations as used in this study refers not only to those supranational bodies that have the ability to manage relations across states （such as the European Union）, but also those in- ter-governmental organizations （IGOs）, international non-governmental organizations （INGOs） and diplomatic representatives and delegations that today also manage and regulate relations between and among states.

Expansion of Urban Space and Land Use Control in the Process of Urbanization: an Overview

Urban expansion brought by the rapid progress of urbanization has caused many problems in China. It is a significant issue to evaluate the extent of urban expansion and to make appropriate controls over the sprawl of urban areas. With a comparative study of international experiences, this article analyzed the mechanism and consequences of urban expansion, reviewed the typical planning and financial policies adopted by other countries for controlling urban sprawl, and discussed the suitable densities of urban areas. The analysis results suggested that Chinese cities have no better choice but compact urban forms. To achieve the goal of compact development, intensive use of public transportation and high proportion of collective houses should be encouraged, and 60–100 m2 per capita is recommended as the reasonable range of urban density in large cities.

Measurement and Interpretation of Connectivity of Chinese Cities in World City Network,2010

This is an empirical paper that measures and interprets the position of Chinese cities in the world city network in 2010. Building on a specification of the world city network as a′interlocking network′in which business services firms play the crucial role in city network formation, information is gathered about the presence of global service firms in cities. This information is converted into data to provide the′service value′of a city for a firm′s provision of corporate services in a 526(cities)×175(firms) matrix. These data are then used as the input to the interlocking network model in order to measure cities′connectivity and its predominant geographical orientation. Here we focus on the position of some key Chinese cities in this regard, and discuss and interpret results in the context of the urban dimensions of the′opening up′of the Chinese economy.

City Size Distribution and Its Spatiotemporal Evolution in China

Based on the National Land Use/Cover Database of China(NLUD-C) in the end of the 1980s(the 1980s,hereafter), 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010, 665 cities were selected to study the size distribution and its changes of urban lands in China. In this study, the spatiotemporal evolutions of urban land size distribution as well as the influence of administrative-level on these cities were explored by combining urban spatial positions and administrative-levels. Results indicate that: 1) City size distribution using urban lands was more practical and reasonable than using non-agricultural population. 2) In the 1980s, cities with ascending urban land rank were centralized in Eastern China, specially the Changjiang(Yangtze) River Delta, the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Cities in Central, Western, and Northeast China mainly indicated descending urban land rank. 3) The transfer of national development focus resulted in cities with ascending urban land rank becoming evenly distributed nationwide; however, this trend was slightly centralized around Chengdu, Chongqing, and Wuhan in different periods. 4) During the 1980s to 2010, the proportion of cities with ascending urban land rank in provincial capitals, municipalities, and special administrative regions(high-level cities, hereafter) was consistently higher than those in prefecture- and county-level cities except for 2005–2010. The ranks of the majority of the prefecture- and county-level cities were mainly descending, supported by ascending; the proportion of cities with unchanged rank is small. This study breaks through the bottleneck of traditional research in the area of city size distribution by examining urban land replacing the non-agricultural population. The current study also provides scientific explanation for the healthy and reasonable development of urban land as well as the coordinated development of population urbanization and land urbanization.

Changes of Residential Land Density and Spatial Pattern from 1989 to 2004 in Jinan City,China

Urban sprawl is driven by a myriad of factors, the predominant one of which is the development of residential land. Selecting part of Jinan City for a case study, we use the landscape metric of percent of landscape (PLAND) to capture residential land growth and density changes in 1989, 1996 and 2004 to illuminate the dynamic process of residential land development. The results indicate that the moving window method and the landscape metrics method are efficient ways to describe residential land density. The residential land showed the greatest change among the built-up land with 1995.68 ha from 1989 to 2004, which is mainly transformed from agriculture land and green space. The urban center area of study area is primarily covered with medium density residential land, and surrounded by high density residential land. The development pattern of residential land exhibited both fill-in (new growth occurs through infilling the free spaces within the developed area) and sprawl processes, influenced by a series of factors, such as urban development policy, conservation of springs, recreational and aesthetic amenities. The findings of the study will help to guide urban planning with a focus on the management and protection of the environment and resources.

Urban Big Data and the Development of City Intelligence

This study provides a definition for urban big data while exploring its features and applications of Chi- na＇s city intelligence. The differences between city intelligence in China and the ＂smart city＂ concept in other countries are compared to highlight and contrast the unique definition and model for China＇s city intelligence in this paper. Furthermore, this paper examines the role of urban big data in city intel- ligence by showing that it not only serves as the cornerstone of this trend as it also plays a core role in the diffusion of city intelligence technology and serves as an inexhaustible resource for the sustained development of city intelligence. This study also points out the challenges of shaping and developing of China＇s urban big data. Considering the supporting and core role that urban big data plays in city intel- ligence, the study then expounds on the key points of urban big data, including infrastructure support, urban governance, public services, and economic and industrial development. Finally, this study points out that the utility of city intelligence as an ideal policy tool for advancing the goals of China＇s urban de- velopment. In conclusion, it is imperative that China make full use of its unique advantages-including using the nation＇s current state of development and resources, geographical advantages, and good hu- man relations-in subjective and objective conditions to promote the development of city intelligence through the proper application of urban big data.

Sustainable urbanization: energy and environment in the Chongqing Municipality, China

Chongqing is the largest municipality under the Chinese Central Government (MCG) in terms of administrative area and population and is now the most important economic and cultural center of the upper Yangtze River and Three Gorges area. The Three Gorges Dam project, one of the largest world infrastructure projects, causes a great deal of immigration to Chongqing and results in the rapid urbanization of the city, and it has brought in a great deal of environmental impact, which is a global concerned issue. This paper introduces the city profile of Chongqing municipality and its urbanization impact on energy and environment. The demand and the trend of energy consumption in built environment (building and transport) have been analysed. The living environment of Chongqing residents and the local energy efficient policy have been introduced. Finally the authors discuss the key issues of the sustainable urban development of Chongqing.

Urban Redevelopment, Gentrification and Gentrifiers in Post-reform Inland China: A Case Study of Chengdu, China

Since its process evolved in recent years, the definition of gentrification has expanded to cover different forms of social upgrading, new spaces and new actors around the world. Studies on gentrification in Chinese cities began to take off in the 2000 s. However, they all mainly focused on the newly emerging global cities and there has been a lack of investigation on provincial cities. Furthermore, discussions on gentrifiers′ profiles and their motivations for housing choice are absent from literature on Chinese gentrification. Therefore, this paper aims to assess the relevance of the broad definition of gentrification in provincial Chinese cities through empirical research on urban redevelopment projects in Chengdu, and to examine the characteristics of gentrifiers(as new incoming residents) in it. The results show the rationality of gentrification processes as urban redevelopment in Chengdu, and reveal original outcomes on the corresponding gentrifiers′ profiles and the motivations behind their housing choice, which are different from the general features of gentrifiers in standard Western gentrification research.

Chinese Urbanization： Achievements and Prospects to Be Pursued

This paper systematically reviews the different stages of China＇s urbanization process since 1949, its achievements and problems it faces. It offers in-depth discussion on the trends of Chinese urbanization, i.e. maintaining rapid growth; making small and medium- sized cities the main driver in development; and focusing on central and western China as the major areas to be urbanized. This paper analyzes new-type urbanization for instance to set up comprehensive urban system that meets the requirements of having a high urbanization level, such as focusing on developing medium-sized cities of one to two million people, using city clusters to encourage population concentration and following an urban construction model that is intensive and compact; and finally this paper proposes policy suggestions for boosting the healthy development of new-type urbanization, including reforming current models for urban-rural governance and establishing development zones, reactivating the normal process of creating cities, and establishing and improving relevant policy systems.

An Empirical Study on Chinese City Network Pattern Based on Producer Services

Globalization and informatization have accelerated city networking process over the world, which makes research on city network a hot topic in the fields of urban geography and economic geography. With Chinese economic structure adjustment and city economic growth, producer services have begun to play an increasingly important role in city-region networking. This paper employs the methodology of world city network to analyze and explain the spatial development characteristics of China's urban network system based on the data of nationwide producer services enterprise network. The research result indicated that the distribution of producer services network has a positive effect on the development of Chinese city networks. City network connectivity is closely related to the significance of city in producer services development, and the former will gradually decline with the drop of the latter. Accordingly, the 64 cities can be divided into the national central cities, regional central cities, sub-regional central cities and local central cities in accordance with their position and role in the nationwide producer services network. It is concluded that high-grade cities with quality producer services dominate the pattern of Chinese city networks and there emerges three spatial agglomerations of producer services enterprises in Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta, Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Economical Region. Moreover, the distribution of different producer services industry varies from city to city, which also affects the characteristics of network development.