城中建设的商业分布与环境保护分析

居住区和郊区城镇商业的发达程度，是衡量一个城市及其商业综合竞争能力的重要方面。城中建设的商业分布与环境保护是两个互相关联的综合发展命题，如何协调成为规划布局过程中需要科学处理。

城中村建设分析

文章通过对南方某地市商贸城室内外覆盖案例的分析,总结城中村室内外覆盖的特点,并根据工程建设情况,给出城中村的建设流程。

城市化中的城中村建设

本文通过对＂城中村＂这一中国城市化特有问题的成因,存在的现状、问题,进行分析,并探究我国城中村对城市化进程的影响,进而提出对城中村改造的政策与措施,对正确认识和解决当前存在的城中村问题有着重要的现实意义。

西安北沙城中村改造建设发展有限公司简介

西安北沙城中村改造建设发展有限公司，是西安市碑林区北沙坡村委会根据西安市人民政府市政发（2002）10号、（2003）43号文件，关于在城市建成区内全面开展城中村改造建设工作的决定和要求组建、授权，承担并具体负责组织实施北沙坡村城中村改造建设，经西安市工商行政管理局依法注册登记的经济实体。

探讨“城中村”的消防安全问题

随着我国经济的发展和社会的进步,城市建设发展也取得了突出成绩,很多原本在城市周边的乡镇都随着城市化的扩张而被改造成为城市的一部分,形成了"城中村"。这些地区在城市化的过程中,受到户籍、土地等问题的限制,并没有完全被纳入城市管理,种种原因导致"城中村"的管理不到位,安全问题和消防问题一直困扰着"城中村"的发展,给居民的生命、财产安全带来威胁。

豫西北城中村建设中的建筑节能分析

通过对豫西北的自然气候和地理区位以及城中村建设中的建筑节能现状进行研究,分析豫西北城中村的建筑节能问题。从设计阶段构建豫西北城中村建筑节能综合评价指标体系。

Brownfield Redevelopment Toward Sustainable Urban Land Use in China

Brownfield redevelopment is a new urban land use strategy to pursue the ideal of sustainable development. It relieves environmental pressure and resolves the glaring contradiction between urban land idleness and urban sprawl. It addresses issues of urban land use and farmland protection in China. This paper compares brownfield with greenfield, and defines brownfield and its redevelopment. It elaborates general and special government policies for this sustainable land use strategy in the context of China. General policies contain two aspects: clarifying brownfield redevelopment's priority in Chinese urban planning and land use and setting a general quantitative redevelopment target. The extent of the government's special policies, which aim at coordinating three factors in the redevelopment process, namely govern- ments, developers and users, are divided into five areas: statistics and categorization, assessment and remediation, fi- nancial supports and tax incentives, environmental and legal liability, and publicity and guidance. The paper concludes the major functions of different levels of Chinese government in the redevelopment process, i.e. making general strategy, formulating legislation, spectifying regulations and technical standards, estimating and categorizing brownfield sites, drawing up brownfield planning, providing information and financial support, guiding developers, publicizing the strategy to the public, and checking reuse results.

Spatial-temporal Pattern and Differences of Land Use Changes in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China during 1975-2005

Regional land use changes are an important part of global changes.The research on land use changes in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China attracts a lot of attention owing to the Three Gorges Dam building.The Three Gorges Reservoir Area becomes one of the important research areas.This study analyzed the transforming processes and traits of each land use type and the regional differences of land use changes during the past 30 years,summarized the distribution of different land use types in different buffer zones and regresses the equation areas and different buffer distances based on buffer analyses and regression analyses,and then analyzed the transforming rules in different buffer distances,got the optimal influence distances.The research results indicate that,(1) cultivated land lies at the northwest of the reservoir and was decreasing,however,the construction land was increasing,especially the urban construction land,a large number of land was flooded because of the reservoir water level rise;(2) urban area was sprawling quickly in developed and neighboring areas,and a great deal of cultivated land and a considerable amount of grassland were occupied;in the earlier time,rural settlements occupied lots of cultivated land and a sum of forestry land in the later time;(3) the optimum influenced distances for cultivated land and forestry land were 10-35 km,and for urban and rural settlements were in 5-20 km.Overall,this research can reflect the spatial-temporal characteristics of land use changes during the 30 years,and it is helpful for urban planning and land use planning in the reservoir area.

On the Process of Peasant Workers' Transformation to Urban Residents

The unique two-stage "Chinese path" of China’s ru-ral-urban migration, which cannot be fully explained by classical theories of economic development, makes us to give peasant workers’ transformation to urban residents a top priority. On the basis of fully explaining peasant workers’ transformation to urban residents, a method for measuring its process has been advanced and then confirmed with the data of March in 2005 from surveys to peasant workers in Wuhan. Finally, the suggestions of acceler-ating peasant workers’ transformation to urban residents to pro-mote the construction of a harmonious society have been drawn from the analysis.

Impacts of land-use change on ecosystem service value in Changsha,China

Changsha,a typical city in central China,was selected as the study area to assess the variations of ecosystem service value on the basis of land-use change. The analysis not only included the whole city but also the urban district where the landscape changed more rapidly in the center of the city. Two LANDSAT TM data sets in 1986 and 2000 and land use data of five urban districts from 1995 to 2005 were used to estimate the changes in the size of six land use categories. Meanwhile,previously published value coefficients were used to detect the changes in the value of ecosystem services delivered by each land category. The result shows that the total value of ecosystem services in Changsha declines from $1 009.28 million per year in 1986 to $938.11 million per year in 2000. This decline is largely attributable to the increase of construction land,and the conversion from woodland and water body to cropland to keep the crop production. In the five districts,there is $6.19 million decline in ecosystem service value between 1995 and 2005. Yuelu District has the highest unit ecosystem service value while Yuhua District has the lowest one. This may be attributed to the greater conversion from cropland and grassland to woodland and water body with the increase of construction land in Yuelu District. It is suggested that the increase rate of construction land should be controlled rigorously and the area of woodland and water body should be increased or at least retained in the study area.

The Comparative Approach on Outdoor Leisure Behavior of Urban Elderly People:A Case Study in Beijing

With the income increase of elderly people in Beijing and the improvement of leisure facilities since 2000, the quality of elderly people leisure life in Beijing has obviously increased com- pared to ten years ago. According to the investigation and com- parative analysis on more than 900 elderly people, who usually exercise in public parks in Beijing City, we have found out several new features of elderly people＇s outdoor recreation in Belting： the increase of the leisure time, the expansion of leisure space, the in- dividuation of interest and the diversification of consumption. The leisure life quality evaluation index system of urban elderly people can be built based on these analyses. In order to accommodate the development tendency of elderly people＇s demand for leisure diversification, we should strengthen the organization and manage- ment of elderly people＇s leisure activity in urban construction, and pay more attention to function complementation between commu- nities and parks.

Local Government Debt Management Solutions

Two rounds of leveraging-up have led to a high debt ratio in the Chinese economy, triggered liquidity mismatch and increased systemic financial risks. The key causes of local government liabilities are soft budget constraints and non-market-based factor allocation. Currently, the risks of local government liabilities are generally controllable. This paper concludes that the long-term solution to managing local government liabilities is to enhance budget constraint and institutional assurance and proposes countermeasures in the reform of urban construction investment and ftnancing mechanisms.

Urbanisation and Economic Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The fundamental characteristics of urbanisation and economic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina at the end of 19th, and at the beginning of 20th century, have been discussed in the paper. The recent developmental urban processes have been considered through three groups of indicators： demographic, regional and socio-geographic development. Based on results of the surveys conducted in the regional economic centres in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2011, a development of urban functions in the urban centres has been shown. It has been proved that the dominant tertiary activities have a big importance and an intensive influence on urban and economic development in all urban settlements. The research included a theoretical part within which the literature on urban and economic development of settlements has been searched. For needs of the research, eight economic centres in Bosnia and Herzegovina were chosen. Analysis of the obtained results shows a different level of urbanisation in Bosnia and Herzegovina with particularly separated larger and asymmetrically distributed urban centres： Sarajevo, Tuzla, Mostar, Banja Luka, Zenica, and Biha6. The mentioned urban and economic centres are distributed along the major traffic communications. The settlements in east and west part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in which a traffic network is poorly developed, have a lower urbanisation level. The obtained data proved the existence of a traditional difference and a different level in development of particular regions and total economy in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Low urbanisation level of a large number of settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina, is in direct connection with economic development and density of those settlements. The achieved urbanisation level with an overall economic development is characteristic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and of the other countries in its surroundings as well.

China's Urbanization in 1949–2015: Processes and Driving Forces

The pace and scale of China＇s contemporary urbanization are stunning. This paper reviews process and the underlying driving forces of China＇s urbanization between 1949-2015. Contemporary China＇s urbanization has experienced four stages, and each has had different driving forces： 1） economic re-construction and industrialization-led urbanization 0949-1977）; 2） economic reform and mar- ket-led urbanization （1978-1995）; 3） economic globalization and the global-local urbanization （1996-2010）; and 4） the land-economy- led urbanization （2010-）. These urbanization processes and driving forces will undoubtedly provide scientific reference and have sig- nificant implications for developing countries, especially African countries, to formulate their urbanization public policies.

Driving Mechanism of Cultivated Land Transition in Yantai Proper,Shandong Province,China

Cultivated land transition and its driving mechanism are the hotspots among studies on land use change. In this study, we constructed a framework to study the driving mechanism of cultivated land transition from the quantitative perspective. Based on the vector data of land use in 1990, 2000 and 2009 of Yantai Proper, Shandong Province China, 11 explanatory variables were chosen from two aspects: the elevation, slope, cost distance to major water area and cost distance to minor water area, which presented physical factors; cost distance to district center, cost distance to town center, cost distance to city expansion center, cost distance to major roads, cost distance to city roads, cost distance to county roads and cost distance to rural roads, which presented the socio-economic factors. Combined with spatial analysis tools and Logistic regression analysis model, we construct Logistic regression analyses with four objectives that were urban construction land, rural residential land, orchard and other lands. The results show that, cost distance to district center, cost distance to town center, cost distance to city expansion center and cost distance to city roads are the significant explanatory variables for the transition of cultivated land into urban construction land. The main explained factors on the transition of cultivated land into rural residential land are slope, cost distance to town center, cost distance to county roads and cost distance to rural roads. Slope, cost distance to minor water area, cost distance to town center, cost distance to county roads and cost distance to rural roads are the significant explanatory variables for the transition of cultivated land into orchard land. Elevation, slope, cost distance to major water area and cost distance to minor water area are the main explanatory variables on the transition of cultivated land into other land uses.

平湖市中心城区拓展空间生态环境的营造——以“明湖景区”构思与实践为例

以"明湖景区"建设为例,提出了其中心城区拓展空间生态环境的营造应是剖析显性、隐性元素,延续城市框架、肌理,构建绿色视觉走廊,营建自然生态格局,以统筹兼顾、整体施策,融合城市、开拓空间。以期对城市景观建设有借鉴意义。

Research on the Positioning of Government Functions in China under the Background of Smart City Construction

In the process of smart city construction, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and some other cities are facing many problems, among which the most essential one is the government＇ s leading role cannot give a better play due to the constraints of the traditional government functions. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a reasonable position for the government functions in the construction of smart city. This paper issues that the government should reflect functions in the construction of smart city, such as the planning function of top-level design and unified planning; the organizational function of providing funds and talent protection; the coordinating function of promoting multiple-subject cooperation; the controlling function of establishing technical standards and legal norms.

On the Inheritance of Ancient Architecture Decoration in the Residential Construction of Urbanization

Chinese traditional architectural paintings are more drawn to the interior and exterior painting walls, canopies, beams, Fang, stigma, brackets and interior ceilings, caisson, the architectural art of building components were processed and formed their rich colors, making the Chinese ancient architecture even more magnificent. It has two kinds of practical effects, one is to decorate building, and the second is to protect the individual masonry wood components and parts them from wind and rain erosion. In other words, functional and aesthetic painting set in one. Most Chinese ancient buildings are wooden structures, for aesthetics and durability wooden structural parts, are generally required to cover color to paint the cover, so the Chinese ancient buildings, whether internal walls, ceiling, doors, windows, roofs, etc. are painted with colors, sculpturing patterns and patterns to enhance the expressive power of art architecture, it can be said that the ancient Chinese architecture buildings are colorized architecture. From afar to go, the overall color of ancient Chinese architecture makes people＇ s hearts worship must be generated by the primary function of psychological respected. Ancient architectural decoration can be summarized into three categories： gold, color ornaments and carvings, color ornaments which include brush color decoration ornaments, painting and murals are as one of the three categories, the color was given such a high mission in the world, yet there are no countries can be comparable with it, the reason is not just the appearance of color can achieve architectural beauty, but also to show people＇ s color sustenance and beliefs in a certain extent. Ancient architectural sculpture was created by people in the production practice activities, and it is a product of the interaction between material and spiritual civilization and has a very high social value and artistic value. It carries historical and cultural information, expresses people＇ s spiritual and cultural pursuits and beliefs and through different art forms, reflects the beauty of different materials, expresses a different artistic content.

Discussion on seismic design of high-rise building structure in China

With the rapid development of China＇s economy, the modernization drive and the process of urbanization continue to advance, land for urban construction is becoming more and tenser and land prices are rising steadily, there are more and more high-rise buildings, its density is also increasing. With the increasing number trend of high-rise building development, anti-seismic building requirement as an important part of architectural design is worthy of our exploration and study. Seismic resistance has become an important subject of engineering design. This paper will discuss the technical principle of seismic design in building structure design, so as to optimize the seismic design of high-rise building structure better.

创新奋进 求真务实——记西安市人大代表窦永坚同志

窦永坚，男，汉族，生于1952年，大专文化程度，现任西安市碑林区北沙坡村委会主任和村属西安北沙坡城中村改造建设发展有限公司执行董事兼总经理，并当选西安市第十三届人大代表。