Changing Spatial and Structural Patterns of Non-agricultural Activities in Outward-moving Beijing Urban Fringe

As responses to metropolitan suburbanization and rural urbanization,the formation and evolution of urban fringes should be understood against the background of overall economic development and spatial reconstruction of entire metropolises.At the same time,however,endogenous interactions between industrial structure and spatial patterns of non-agricultural activities are also worthy of scholarly attention.Since the 1980s,studies on urban fringes in China have been restricted by the lack of micro-level data.This paper investigates the spatial expansion and structural evolution of the urban fringe by taking the case of Beijing and uses systematic firm-level data in 1996 and 2001 from the National Census of Basic Units.The diversity of distribution patterns across industrial sectors brings about two interrelated results.On the one hand,structural adjustment of non-agricultural industries promotes the expansion and spatial evolution of the urban fringe.On the other hand,the stability and dynamics of industrial structure coexist in the moving urban fringe.This study also reveals that the outward-moving urban fringe is the optimal location for manufacturing,especially heavy manufacturing,as well as traditional producer and consumer services.However,industries with spatial stickiness such as tourism and sports have not moved with the fringe.Most advanced services remain concentrated in the city center.The authors argue that it is essential for understanding and managing urban fringes to take into account spatial evolution and industrial structural adjustment together with their interaction with each other.

Species Composition and Diversity of Macrobenthos in the Intertidal Zone of Xiangshan Bay,China

Xiangshan bay is a narrow semi-closed bay and situated on the northwestern coast of the East China Sea. Over past decades, it has become to a major bay with intensive human activities, dense urbanized area, and poor water quality. The aim of this paper was to reveal the ecological status through the elucidation of the species composition, abundance, biomass and diversity of macrobenthos in this bay. Six intertidal sections were surveyed from January 2007 to November 2008 quarterly. Sections TG, HD and XH are located in the three inner bays, sections QJ and WS are located near the thermal power plants, and section XX is located at the outer part of Xiangshan Bay. Great variations in macrobenthos community were indentified, and the species composition of the community in the present study showed the dominance in the order of molluscs （bivalves and gastropods）, crustaceans and others, and only few Polychaeta were recorded. Only three dominant species, Littorina brevicula, llyplax tansuiensis, and Cerithidea cingu- lata were collected in all the sections, and a total of 19 dominant species were recorded only in one section. Two-way ANOVA analyses of abundance indicated that there were significant differences among sections or seasons. Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H＇） had its maximum （2.45） in section QJ, and minimum （1.76） in section TG Multiple irregular k-dominance plots clearly showed that the study area was polluted and the macrobenthos community was under stress. We conclude that the macrobenthos of Xiang- shan Bay have been disturbed by human activities, especially at the interior bay.

Urban Integrated Activity Zone （UIAZ） in Shanghai

Urban integrated activity zone （UIAZ） refers to multi-functional area that can provide various services. Integrated activity zone （IAZ）, which is based on the existing financial district and Central Business District （CBD）, often weakens administrative boundaries and changes the original single functional partition. It emphasizes the mixture of different functions and the vitality of the central area. The construction of IAZ is different from the simple space construction of economy and material production. IAZ emphasizes the participation of city dwellers in urban renewal process. Shanghai IAZs are those vigorous public activity centers in Shanghai. ]ust like those active cells, IAZs in Shanghai are to inspire and improve the comprehensive competitiveness and vitality of the city at macro, intermediate, and micro level, they are the public places in which urban cultural life takes place, develops, and precipitates. This paper provides broad and profound presentation on IAZ structure planning in Shanghai： mix-used function, multi-dimensions scale, people oriented development （POD） transportation, commercial development, and city form vitality. This paper provides not only qualitative analysis, but also makes a serious attempt to quantify the result and statement.

The Creation of Public Nature in Community Public Space Design

The rational design of urban public space has more and more attention of the community; in the end, people need public spaces of an active exploration and attempt. Through human experience of urban public space, the design of public space in the city questioned the rationality, emphasized the human behavior activities on public space design requirements, and emphasized the place of people, human behavior activities, and the activities of the Trinity design ideas. By comparing the two public spaces Analysis of Chongqing, it further emphasized the left of human activity, human stories and spirit; public space has lost its significance.

社区服务:由普及走向提高——谈创建全国社区服务示范城区之意义

所谓全国社区服务示范城区,即是指在开展城市社区服务工作中,方向正确,成绩优异,社会效益、经济效益显著,对全国社区服务的发展具有指导意义和典型示范作用的城区。在全国开展这一活动,对于加强对社区服务工作的宏观指导,把握其发展方向,规范其基本内容,推动其普及与提高,具有非常重要的意义。

围绕新目标 再创社区服务新局面

秦淮区位于南京市城区东南“十里秦淮”河畔,既是一个具有悠久历史文化的老城区,又是一个新兴的商贸旅游区。全区面积22.34平方公里,辖5个街道和1个镇,105个居委会、8个行政村,人口22万。

Multi-Source Characteristics of Atmospheric Deposition in Nanjing,China,as Controlled by East Asia Monsoons and Urban Activities

Atmospheric deposition, a major pathway of metals entering into soils, plays an important role in soil environment, especially in urban regions where a large amount of pollutants are emitted into atmosphere through various sources. In order to understand the characteristics of atmospheric deposition in urban area and its relation with natural and anthropogenic sources, a three-year study of atmospheric deposition at three typical sites, industrial zone(IN), urban residential area(RZ) and suburban forested scenic area(FA),was carried out in Nanjing, a metropolitan city in eastern China from 2005 to 2007. The bulk deposition rate and element composition of atmospheric deposition varied spatio-temporally in the urban zones of Nanjing. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Ca in the atmospheric deposits were strongly enriched in the whole Nanjing region; however, anthropogenic pollutants in atmospheric deposits were diluted by the input of external mineral dust transported from northwestern China. Source apportionment through principal component analysis(PCA) showed that the background atmospheric deposition at the FA site was the combination of external aerosol and local emission sources. The input of long-range transported Asian dust had an important influence on the urban background deposition, especially in spring when the continental dust from the northwestern China prevailed. Marine aerosol source was observed in summer and autumn, the seasons dominated by summer monsoon in Nanjing. In contrast, the contribution of local anthropogenic emission source was constant regardless of seasons. At the RZ and IN sites, the atmospheric deposition was more significantly affected by the nearby human activities than at the FA site. In addition, different urban activities and both the winter and summer Asian monsoons had substantial impacts on the characteristics of dust deposition in urban Nanjing.