The climate change brought disaster impact to a city. Cities are complex and interdependent systems, extremely vulnerable to threats from both natural hazards and terrorism. A city resilience is the capacity of a city...The climate change brought disaster impact to a city. Cities are complex and interdependent systems, extremely vulnerable to threats from both natural hazards and terrorism. A city resilience is the capacity of a city to function, so that citizens survive and thrive no matter what stresses or shocks they encounter. The cities need to be built for greater resilience and developed strategies for coping with the future shocks and stresses associated with climate change. This study explores that, from the concepts of city governance, the balanced scorecard correlates with city development in the process of city resilience development and constructs city resilience indicators to evaluate and the balanced scorecard raise the management performance. During the process of building the balanced scorecard, each problem can be faced and solved. To run the balanced scorecard is a continuous job and to become a resilient city coping with good city governance must adjust the balanced scorecard to meet its goals and vision to achieve sustainable development of the city.展开更多
Urban growth is a key indicator of economic development.At the same time,haphazard urban growth creates serious socioeconomic,environmental and urban land management problems.In this context,understanding the process ...Urban growth is a key indicator of economic development.At the same time,haphazard urban growth creates serious socioeconomic,environmental and urban land management problems.In this context,understanding the process of urban landscape change is important for guiding the sustainable growth of urban areas.This study analyzes the urban land changes during 1990–2018 in two metropolitan cities of Gandaki basin:Pokhara and Bharatpur.Landsat satellite images were analyzed using supervised classification methods.The results revealed that the built-up area has increased significantly by 300%in Pokhara and by nearly 500%in the Bharatpur during the past 28 years.Population growth,migration from surrounding areas due to urban facilities and the easy lifestyle in cities were found to be major determinants of urban growth within the study area.In addition,the changing urban definition and expansion of municipal boundaries are key factors for rapid urban growth.Both cities are likely to grow in the future as they are both located in areas that encompass the high levels of commercial activity and modern service facilities.The haphazard urban growth should be minimized through planning and policies for sustainable urban development.展开更多
文摘The climate change brought disaster impact to a city. Cities are complex and interdependent systems, extremely vulnerable to threats from both natural hazards and terrorism. A city resilience is the capacity of a city to function, so that citizens survive and thrive no matter what stresses or shocks they encounter. The cities need to be built for greater resilience and developed strategies for coping with the future shocks and stresses associated with climate change. This study explores that, from the concepts of city governance, the balanced scorecard correlates with city development in the process of city resilience development and constructs city resilience indicators to evaluate and the balanced scorecard raise the management performance. During the process of building the balanced scorecard, each problem can be faced and solved. To run the balanced scorecard is a continuous job and to become a resilient city coping with good city governance must adjust the balanced scorecard to meet its goals and vision to achieve sustainable development of the city.
文摘为了解决因设备长期失修造成的数据大量缺失和传统数据修复方法无法表示上下文时空关系以及不规则时序特征的问题,提出一种时空生成对抗变分自编码网络(Spatiotemporal Variational Autoencoder with W-Generative Adversarial Network-GP, SVAE-WGANGP),用以恢复地点车速数据质量。该方法以生成对抗变分自编码网络为模型基本框架,直接学习自然缺失数据集的概率分布;基于改进时空信息单元的变分自编码生成网络提取数据在缺失模式下的隐式不规则时序特征与显式上下文时空相互依赖信息;利用对抗训练策略(Wasserstein GAN with Gradient Penalty, WGAN-GP)优化深度全连接判别网络,以获得最优重构数据。借助乌鲁木齐市某路网46天实际卡口地点车速实例验证模型合理性,结果表明:与其他6个基准模型的评估指标均值相比,PMCR机制下,所提方法的均方根误差(RMSE)和平均绝对误差(MAE)降低幅度分别在0.794~0.332和0.899~0.321,决定系数R^(2)升高幅度在3.175%~60.918%;LMR机制下,所提方法的RMSE和MAE平均降低幅度分别在0.600~0.222和0.773~0.208,R^(2)平均升高幅度在4.681%~91.518%;BMR机制下,所提方法的RMSE和MAE平均降低幅度分别在0.212~0.625和0.269~0.715,R^(2)平均升高幅度在5.309%~49.671%。SVAE-WGANGP在恢复不同缺失机制下的路网地点车速数据质量时具备较优精确性和良好普适性,交通时空信息和不规则时序特征对该模型的数据质量恢复性能具有一定贡献性。此外,在BMR机制下,SVAE-WGANGP的运算耗时均值较VAE-GAN的均值降低0.421 s,与其他5个基准模型相比,增长幅度在0.155~12.518 s。从整体来看,该方法在恢复数据时具有较高的时效性。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41761144081)The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(2019QZKK2203)+1 种基金The International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(131C11KYSB20160061)The Chinese Academy of Sciences-The World Academy of Sciences(CAS-TWAS)President’s Fellowship Program for Ph D Study
文摘Urban growth is a key indicator of economic development.At the same time,haphazard urban growth creates serious socioeconomic,environmental and urban land management problems.In this context,understanding the process of urban landscape change is important for guiding the sustainable growth of urban areas.This study analyzes the urban land changes during 1990–2018 in two metropolitan cities of Gandaki basin:Pokhara and Bharatpur.Landsat satellite images were analyzed using supervised classification methods.The results revealed that the built-up area has increased significantly by 300%in Pokhara and by nearly 500%in the Bharatpur during the past 28 years.Population growth,migration from surrounding areas due to urban facilities and the easy lifestyle in cities were found to be major determinants of urban growth within the study area.In addition,the changing urban definition and expansion of municipal boundaries are key factors for rapid urban growth.Both cities are likely to grow in the future as they are both located in areas that encompass the high levels of commercial activity and modern service facilities.The haphazard urban growth should be minimized through planning and policies for sustainable urban development.
