基于BOVW和SVM的城市土地类型遥感变化监测研究

【目的】研究城市土地类型的变化,分析城市进化过程对环境气候、城市发展以及政府决策产生的影响。【方法】以15~30 m分辨率的NWPU-RESISC45标准数据集和哈尔滨城区Landsat 8遥感影像为实验数据,制作了包含城市建筑及道路、水体、植被、裸地4种土地类型的遥感影像数据集。在实验数据中加入纹理信息,提取SIFT(scale-invariant feature transform, SIFT)特征点。通过K-means聚类算法获取包含大量语义信息的视觉词典,从而构造视觉词袋模型(bag of visual words, BOVW)。然后将BOVW提取的特征点与支持向量机(support vector machine, SVM)分类器结合,对制作的数据集进行分类。最后,利用2013年、2019年同一季节Landsat 8影像,以哈尔滨市松北区为例计算各土地类型的位置及面积变化信息。【结果】基于BOVW和SVM的分类结果与5种单一分类模型和3种“特征提取+分类器”模型对比,发现使用尺寸为550个词汇的视觉词典时,本研究模型的分类与变化监测精确度分别为79.40%、79.29%。结合哈尔滨城市具体数据的监测结果表明,在2013—2019年间,哈尔滨市松北区城市建筑及道路与植被类型的覆盖面积减少明显,水体与裸地类型的覆盖面积增加,这一变化情况符合近年来哈尔滨市政府陆续推出的环境保护五年规划,以及其总体规划中合理控制城市规模的相关政策要求。【结论】对于时间跨度长、分辨率不高的Landsat遥感影像,BOVW和SVM的变化监测模型在土地类型变化监测方面效果良好,在一定程度上可提高分类与变化监测的精度,为土地类型变化监测提供借鉴。

基于3S的潜江市城市空间形态动态演化研究

依据潜江市5个不同年代的基础地理信息资料,提出城市建成区空间形态动态演化研究的技术方法。通过对潜江市建成区的范围、面积、延伸率、形状比、紧凑度等监测指标进行统计分析,展示潜江市建成区空间形态的动态演化过程。

Monitoring urban land cover and vegetation change by multi-temporal remote sensing information

In order to analyze changes in human settlement in Xuzhou city during the past 20 years, changes in land cover and vegetation were investigated based on multi-temporal remote sensing Landsat TM images. We developed a hierarchical classifier system that uses different feature inputs for specific classes and conducted a classification post-processing approach to improve its accuracy. From our statistical analysis of changes in urban land cover from 1987 to 2007, we conclude that built-up land areas have obviously increased, while farmland has seen in a continuous loss due to urban growth and human activities. A NDVI difference approach was used to extract information on changes in vegetation. A false change information elimination approach was developed based on prior knowledge and statistical analysis. The areas of vegetation cover have been in continuous decline over the past 20 years, although some measures have been adopted to protect and maintain urban vegetation. Given the stability of underground coal exploitation since 1990s, urban growth has become the major driving force in vegetation loss, which is different from the vegetation change driven by coal exploitation mainly before 1990.