文章基于三阶段SBM-DEA模型,提出了一个城市可持续发展效率(Urban Sustainable Development Efficiency,USDE)评价框架,并对2007-2017年中国粤港澳大湾区--香港澳门加内地九市的共11个城市的可持续发展效率进行分析。研究结论认为:所有...文章基于三阶段SBM-DEA模型,提出了一个城市可持续发展效率(Urban Sustainable Development Efficiency,USDE)评价框架,并对2007-2017年中国粤港澳大湾区--香港澳门加内地九市的共11个城市的可持续发展效率进行分析。研究结论认为:所有城市的效率在2007-2017年间,基本呈上升趋势。比较第一阶段和第三阶段结果,发现所有城市的USDE都发生了变化,表明外部环境变量对城市可持续发展效率的影响不可忽视;另外粤港澳大湾区整体发展效率比较高。其中澳门的效率平均值最大,也最稳定;深圳、香港、珠海、中山、广州、东莞和佛山为高等效率城市;江门、惠州和肇庆为中等效率城市。因此,应充分考虑影响城市发展效率的各相关因素,从而提出提升城市可持续发展效率的建议。展开更多
Smallholder farms, mainly rain-fed dominate the agricultural sector in Ghana, accounting for about 80% of total production. Cultivation is mostly of indigenous and non-traditional varieties, characterized by low produ...Smallholder farms, mainly rain-fed dominate the agricultural sector in Ghana, accounting for about 80% of total production. Cultivation is mostly of indigenous and non-traditional varieties, characterized by low productivity, and compounded by production shocks due to environmental stresses. The research introduced vegetable farmers to better irrigation and compost management practices using the nuclear and isotopic techniques. On the average, yield of vegetables increase by 9.2% under irrigation and organic manure application compared to yield under the conventional method. Farmers saved 60%-70% of the total cost on water per acre using drip irrigation. Relative to conventional methods, farmers save at least US$70 per acre on fertilizer taking in to account cost of converting manure to compost. The result also revealed that, overall poverty gap among farmers who only depends on rain fall needed an additional 55% of the present income to attain minimum basket of their basic needs compared to 30% among some of those who irrigate in addition to rainfall. Results of our study have shown that farmers could gain financially, redeem themselves from poverty as well as improving their social conditions and ensure ecologically sustainable development with Small Scale Irrigation integrated with the right composting recipe.展开更多
Tourist cities have particular and different use compared with ordinary city. The main users spend most of their time to leisure, and to the enjoyment of the urban environment, so people must be attentive to the chang...Tourist cities have particular and different use compared with ordinary city. The main users spend most of their time to leisure, and to the enjoyment of the urban environment, so people must be attentive to the changing needs of visitors and be willing to transform their environment based on them. These changes must be environmentally sustainable and based on concepts of economic, environmental and social sustainability, people need to be prepared for the continuous recycling of the existence, and are always seeking to increase the energy efficiency. The rehabilitation in edificatory and urban terms must go hand in hand in this task if people want to achieve the objectives of environmental sustainability, combining the lives of residents with visitors, especially in poor energetic resource areas where the external dependency is very high, that is the case of the Canary Islands, where the scarcity of energy and water make necessary in a very small and densely populated area, the efficient use of resources and thus the reuse and transformation of what exists. The rehabilitation process of the poor quality buildings built in the 1970s has started, so people must not miss this new opportunity to improve environment to make it more sustainable.展开更多
文摘文章基于三阶段SBM-DEA模型,提出了一个城市可持续发展效率(Urban Sustainable Development Efficiency,USDE)评价框架,并对2007-2017年中国粤港澳大湾区--香港澳门加内地九市的共11个城市的可持续发展效率进行分析。研究结论认为:所有城市的效率在2007-2017年间,基本呈上升趋势。比较第一阶段和第三阶段结果,发现所有城市的USDE都发生了变化,表明外部环境变量对城市可持续发展效率的影响不可忽视;另外粤港澳大湾区整体发展效率比较高。其中澳门的效率平均值最大,也最稳定;深圳、香港、珠海、中山、广州、东莞和佛山为高等效率城市;江门、惠州和肇庆为中等效率城市。因此,应充分考虑影响城市发展效率的各相关因素,从而提出提升城市可持续发展效率的建议。
文摘Smallholder farms, mainly rain-fed dominate the agricultural sector in Ghana, accounting for about 80% of total production. Cultivation is mostly of indigenous and non-traditional varieties, characterized by low productivity, and compounded by production shocks due to environmental stresses. The research introduced vegetable farmers to better irrigation and compost management practices using the nuclear and isotopic techniques. On the average, yield of vegetables increase by 9.2% under irrigation and organic manure application compared to yield under the conventional method. Farmers saved 60%-70% of the total cost on water per acre using drip irrigation. Relative to conventional methods, farmers save at least US$70 per acre on fertilizer taking in to account cost of converting manure to compost. The result also revealed that, overall poverty gap among farmers who only depends on rain fall needed an additional 55% of the present income to attain minimum basket of their basic needs compared to 30% among some of those who irrigate in addition to rainfall. Results of our study have shown that farmers could gain financially, redeem themselves from poverty as well as improving their social conditions and ensure ecologically sustainable development with Small Scale Irrigation integrated with the right composting recipe.
文摘Tourist cities have particular and different use compared with ordinary city. The main users spend most of their time to leisure, and to the enjoyment of the urban environment, so people must be attentive to the changing needs of visitors and be willing to transform their environment based on them. These changes must be environmentally sustainable and based on concepts of economic, environmental and social sustainability, people need to be prepared for the continuous recycling of the existence, and are always seeking to increase the energy efficiency. The rehabilitation in edificatory and urban terms must go hand in hand in this task if people want to achieve the objectives of environmental sustainability, combining the lives of residents with visitors, especially in poor energetic resource areas where the external dependency is very high, that is the case of the Canary Islands, where the scarcity of energy and water make necessary in a very small and densely populated area, the efficient use of resources and thus the reuse and transformation of what exists. The rehabilitation process of the poor quality buildings built in the 1970s has started, so people must not miss this new opportunity to improve environment to make it more sustainable.
