中国城市土地所有权经济上实现现存问题的原因探讨

宪法规定城市土地所有权属全民所有,但人民的这一权利在经济上的实现仍存在一些不容忽视的问题。本文对其原因进行了深入探讨。

城市土地所有权在经济上的实现对策

宪法虽然规定城市土地所有权属全民所有,但人民的这一权利并没有得到具体的体现。本文中经济的角度提出了城市土地所有权的实现对策。

城镇化进程中入市集体经营性建设用地所有权归属及其与土地征收制度的协调

城镇化进程中,城市规划区的集体土地应当经政府确权将土地所有权归属于国家,同时由集体取得建设用地的使用权,集体不得享有城市土地的所有权。集体经营性建设用地使用权入市与征收之间会发生一定的冲突,解决冲突的根本措施是发挥市场对土地资源配置的决定作用,以土地使用权的市价作为征收补偿的标准。在此基础上,允许集体享有经营性建设用地使用权入市优先权,但当集体怠于行使建设用地使用权入市权利害及公共利益的,政府应当征收集体建设用地使用权;集体经营性建设用地使用权入市时,政府也有权优先受让或者收储。

Joining Paths and Dividing Paths： Juiz de Fora, Brazil

The aim of this paper is to present the urban history of Juiz de Fora, a city with some 500,000 inhabitants in southeastern Brazil, and discuss how strategic decisions about the planning and construction of roads and highways can determine ways of life in a city. While paths may integrate landholdings and territories, they may also segregate communities and environments, causing deep rifts in the fabric of urban and land areas. The growth of Juiz de Fora is particularly marked by the construction of paths. This article reviews the local urban history from the establishment of paths in the city, to an analysis of the major impact and benefits they have had, notably on the local economy and demographics, as well as on the conservation of the local environment： Issues that are frequently relegated to a secondary role in the cost-benefit analysis of the city＇s planning decisions. After analysis of the case study, the authors concluded that citizens should be included on the agenda of the city, from spectators to actors of daily urban life.