城市地表热环境研究进展

近50年来,以中国为代表的发展中国家快速城市化过程所引起的生态环境问题直接导致了城市地表热环境的剧烈变化。当前,采用定量化的研究方法开展城市地表热环境研究已成为国内外城市生态环境与气候领域的研究热点之一。因此,厘清城市地表热环境的研究进展对于今后更好地开展城市空间热环境定量评价研究以及进一步促进城市可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。在对城市空间热环境和城市热岛等相关概念、主要研究方法和数据获取方式进行简要叙述的基础上,着重从城市地表热环境的时空特征及其变化、驱动力和驱动机制、城市地表辐射与能量平衡、城市地表热岛与城市大气热岛的关系及其演变规律、城市绿地和水体对城市热岛效应的缓解、城市地表热岛的尺度转换等6个主要方面对当前国内外已开展的城市地表热环境研究进行了归纳总结,并就当前研究过程中存在的问题以及未来的研究重点进行了探讨,以期为今后更好地开展城市地表热环境定量化研究提供参考。

Retrieval of urban land surface component temperature using multi-source remote-sensing data

The components of urban surface cover are diversified,and component temperature has greater physical significance and application values in the studies on urban thermal environment.Although the multi-angle retrieval algorithm of component temperature has been matured gradually,its application in the studies on urban thermal environment is restricted due to the difficulty in acquiring urban-scale multi-angle thermal infrared data.Therefore,based on the existing multi-source multi-band remote sensing data,access to appropriate urban-scale component temperature is an urgent issue to be solved in current studies on urban thermal infrared remote sensing.Then,a retrieval algorithm of urban component temperature by multi-source multi-band remote sensing data on the basis of MODIS and Landsat TM images was proposed with expectations achieved in this work,which was finally validated by the experiment on urban images of Changsha,China.The results show that：1） Mean temperatures of impervious surface components and vegetation components are the maximum and minimum,respectively,which are in accordance with the distribution laws of actual surface temperature; 2） High-accuracy retrieval results are obtained in vegetation component temperature.Moreover,through a contrast between retrieval results and measured data,it is found that the retrieval temperature of impervious surface component has the maximum deviation from measured temperature and its deviation is greater than 1 ℃,while the deviation in vegetation component temperature is relatively low at 0.5 ℃.

Estimation of the Relationship among Fractional Vegetation Cover, Land Surface Temperature and Electricity Consumption in Taipei City

The cooling effects of urban green vegetation cover, which can help decrease LST （land surface temperature） in urban area. When air temperature decreases, the electricity consumption of household will also mitigate loading. Meanwhile, that lack of assessment of green vegetation coverage impact to LST and electricity consumption, so that it could not clearly quantify the environmental contribution of green coves. In Taipei city, for example, FVC （fractional vegetation cover） value and LST was collected from Aster satellite remote sensing images, and data of household electricity consumption was acquired from Taiwan Power Company. Based on these three factors, it analyzed relative model. In the urban area, fractional vegetation cover might influence with land surface temperature and electricity consumption. The result shows that when the value of fractional vegetation cover is low, the air temperature is high. While fractional vegetation cover is increase, not only the land surface temperature is decreasing but the electricity consumption is also reducing. This study hopes can be the reference materials for the future metropolis plan and to inhibit the spread of urban thermal environment.