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江南沿海卫所城市平面形态比较及分类探析——基于旧日军大比例尺实测图的考察 被引量:2
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作者 孙昌麒麟 《都市文化研究》 CSSCI 2016年第1期203-227,共25页
本文选取自长江口南岸至三门湾之间滨海地带的21座江南卫所城市为研究对象,以旧日军所绘大比例尺实测地图为基础材料,将之与明清方志等文献相互参证,进而推导此类卫所城市的平面形态,并通过比较分析与类型化处理,试图揭示区域内特定城... 本文选取自长江口南岸至三门湾之间滨海地带的21座江南卫所城市为研究对象,以旧日军所绘大比例尺实测地图为基础材料,将之与明清方志等文献相互参证,进而推导此类卫所城市的平面形态,并通过比较分析与类型化处理,试图揭示区域内特定城市群的形态特征与地方类型。本文研究表明,卫所城市因出于人为规划,一般可看作是同一化倾向十分显著的军事城市,然其微观表征仍富有个性,就江南沿海卫所而言,可以甬江为界分出南、北两个群组类型。 展开更多
关键词 卫所城市 城市平面形态 城市历史形态分析 旧日军大比例尺实测图 江南地区
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南京城市街廓平面形态与土地使用规定的关联性研究 被引量:3
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作者 高彩霞 丁沃沃 《建筑学报》 CSSCI 北大核心 2017年第S1期1-6,共6页
本研究聚焦土地使用规定,在梳理国家、江苏省和南京市相关土地使用规定条文的基础上,图解主要条文并设计了符合规定的法规理论模型,然后通过选取街廓案例切片,采用对比分析法,对案例街廓的实际现状与符合法规的理论模型进行图示比较,分... 本研究聚焦土地使用规定,在梳理国家、江苏省和南京市相关土地使用规定条文的基础上,图解主要条文并设计了符合规定的法规理论模型,然后通过选取街廓案例切片,采用对比分析法,对案例街廓的实际现状与符合法规的理论模型进行图示比较,分析用地比例、地块划分和地块指标等规定控制对城市街廓平面用地形态、地块建筑群体布局形态的影响关系,最后得出相关规定在对街廓平面用地比例、地块开发量等控制到位的同时,也导致了城市街廓平面纷乱的形态肌理,影响到城市物质环境的外貌的结论。 展开更多
关键词 城市街廓平面形态 土地使用规定 法规理论模型 关联性
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Adapting cities to sea level rise: A perspective from Chinese deltas 被引量:3
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作者 CHENG He-Qin CHEN Ji-Yu 《Advances in Climate Change Research》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第2期130-136,共7页
In recent years, intensifying waterlogging, salt water intrusion, wetland loss, and ecosystem degradation in Chinese delta cities and adjacent regions have generated the pressing need to create an urban form that is s... In recent years, intensifying waterlogging, salt water intrusion, wetland loss, and ecosystem degradation in Chinese delta cities and adjacent regions have generated the pressing need to create an urban form that is suited to both current and future climates incorporating sea level rise. However, adaptation planning uptake is slow. This is particularly unfortunate because patterns of urban form interact with mean sea level rise (MSLR) in ways that reduce or intensify its impact. There are currently two main barriers that are significant in arresting the implementation of adaptation planning with reference to the MSLR projections composed of geomorphologic MSLR projections and eustatic MSLR projections from global climate warming, and making a comprehensive risk assessment of MSLR projections. The present review shows recent progresses in mapping MSLR projections and their risk assessment approaches on Chinese delta cities, and then a perspective of adapting these cities to MSLR projections as following six aspects. 1) The geomorphologic MSLR projections are contributed by the natural tectonic subsidence projections and the MSLR projections by anthropogenic geomorphologic change. The former needs to be updated in a global framework. The latter is accumulated by land subsidence from underground water depletion, water level fall caused by the erosion of riverbeds from a sediment supply decline attributed to the construction of watershed dams, artificial sand excavation, water level raise by engineering projects including land reclamation, deep waterway regulation, and fresh water reservoirs. 2) Controlling MSLR projections by anthropogenic geomorphologic changes. 3) The IPCC AR5 RCPs MSLRs scenarios are expected to be projected to the local eustatic MSLR projections on the Chinese deltas. 4) The MSLR projections need to be matched to a local elevation datum. 5) Modeling approaches of regional river-sea numerical with semi- analytical hydrodynamics, estuarine channel network, system dynamics and adaptation points are perspective. 6) Adaptation planning to MSLR projections requires a comprehensive risk assessment of the risk of flood, fresh water supply shortage, coastal erosion, wetland loss, siltation of ports and waterway in Chinese delta cities and adjacent regions. 展开更多
关键词 Mean sea level rise projections Natural tectonic subsidence Climate warming Local elevation datum Anthropogenic geomorphologic change Adaptation tipping point
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Evolved Urban Form to Respond to Extreme Sea Level Events in Coastal Cities
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作者 Wang Liangling Han Jie 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2016年第6期726-735,共10页
Along with climate change and global warming, ESLEs (extreme sea level events) are seriously threatening coastal cities' development. In order to respond to such events, transformational adaptation strategy in urba... Along with climate change and global warming, ESLEs (extreme sea level events) are seriously threatening coastal cities' development. In order to respond to such events, transformational adaptation strategy in urban planning might play an important role. For instance, it has been proposed that BCR (building coverage ratio) should be minimized to a certain range in order to enhance coastal areas' resiliency. For the purpose of urban planning practices, the main objective of this research is to develop a method which could formulate the proper BCR range in vulnerable coastal areas. The research is conducted through simulating storm surge floods in simplified waterfront settlements with different BCRs. Data representing the impact of ESLEs collected through CFD (computational fluid dynamic) simulations has been examined. This research has proved that in dense coastal areas, ESLEs may cause serious damage to the built environment if their protective structures fail. It showed that controlling BCR is an effective way to enhance their resiliency. When the BCR is low, the pressure caused by storm surge floods and wave height can be greatly reduced. However, decreased BCR may also reduce land utilization efficiency. Simulation results indicated that controlling the BCR to around 36% might be the most effective scenario which balances resiliency and land use efficiency. They also showed that under the same storm surge flood scenario, the pressures caused by flood waves could be reduced if the length of the building is increased. This study might be considered as transformational adaptation measures that contributes some knowledge for waterfront development in vulnerable locations, and it also provides scientific and useful proof for sustainable strategies in coastal cities and reveals that particular urban design tools, such as BCR control, could play an essential role in responding to ESLEs. 展开更多
关键词 ESLEs BCR transformational adaptation CFD simulation.
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