考虑风场影响的城市建筑区产流计算方法

风场作用下城市建筑物的遮挡作用直接影响区域产流过程,为提高城市雨洪模拟精度,需揭示风场作用下建筑区的独特产流机理并构建相应的计算方法。将建筑区的产流面划分为水平面和竖直面,基于计算流体力学理论求解降雨倾角,结合几何关系确定降雨在水平面和竖直面上的分布,通过产流理论分别计算2类产流面的产流,提出建筑区的产流计算方法,并将其耦合入SWMM模型在试验流域进行了验证。结果表明:(1)改动模型所模拟的径流的纳什效率系数整体高于原始SWMM模型,且洪峰模拟效果更好;(2)改动模型的土壤饱和导水率等关键参数取值更为合理;(3)改动模型对不同气象条件下建筑区产流模拟的稳定性更好。该方法可提高建筑区产流模拟精度。

城市建筑区深基坑变形监测实施探讨

近年来随着我国城市化水平的日益提高,其建筑规模也在不断扩大,大量高层建筑不断平地而起。在对城市建筑进行建设过程中,为了确保项目整体建设的稳定性,对城市建筑区深基坑的变形监测就成了施工关键。本文从变形监测的目的与意义入手,分析了具体监测内容,并探讨了变形监测具体的测量措施,以期对相关测量人员带来参考与指导。

城市建筑区深基坑变形监测的实施与探究

城市经济的发展促进了城市建筑业的发展,建筑施工项目作为人们生产生活的主要活动场所,需要保证项目使用质量合格。城市建筑区的深基坑变形监测是指利用机械设备对基坑周边环境进行动态监测。本篇文章在此基础上,主要对城市建筑区深基坑变形监测实施方法及要求作出分析与探究。

城市建筑区深基坑变形监测的实施与探讨

在城市的建筑区进行深基坑施工时，相关人员都要对即将施工的深基坑以及其周边建筑进行一系列监测，来保证原有建筑和现有深基坑的安全。本文将探讨深基坑变形监测的实施。

高层建筑与城市中心区空间的融合

通过对大连市城市中心区的建筑设计思考,提出关于城市中心区空间形态的一种具体的设计方法,并阐明这一方法的实际运用,为大连城市中心区未来的发展提供一种分析、建议,以供决策。

Role of outdoor trees on pedestrian wind and thermal conditions around a pre-education building for sustainable energy management

Finding sustainable energy resources is essential to face the increasing energy demand.Trees are an important part of ancient architecture but are becoming rare in urban areas.Trees can control and tune the pedestrian-level wind velocity and thermal condition.In this study,a numerical investigation is employed to assess the role of trees planted in the windward direction of the building complex on the thermal and pedestrian wind velocity conditions around/inside a pre-education building located in the center of the complex.Compared to the previous studies(which considered only outside buildings),this work considers the effects of trees on microclimate change both inside/outside buildings.Effects of different parameters including the leaf area density and number of trees,number of rows,far-field velocity magnitude,and thermal condition around the main building are assessed.The results show that the flow velocity in the spacing between the first-row buildings is reduced by 30%-40% when the one-row trees with 2 m height are planted 15 m farther than the buildings.Furthermore,two rows of trees are more effective in higher velocities and reduce the maximum velocity by about 50%.The investigation shows that trees also could reduce the temperature by about 1℃around the building.

Mechanical-Mathematical Modeling and Monitoring for Landslide Processes

Landslides are one of the most widespread and dangerous phenomena in the urbanized territories. In Moscow they affect about 3% of the most valuable territory, including churches and historical buildings located at high banks of the Moskva River. Recently the landslide activation occurred. Normal functioning of city infrastructure and implementation of effective slope protection measures require special landslide monitoring. Mechanical-mathematical model of high viscous fluid was applied for the landslide-prone slopes modeling. Equation of continuityand an approximatedNavier-Stockes equation f or slow motions in a thin layer were used. The results of modelling give possibility to define the landslide section with upmost velocity that should be monitored in the first place. Some important parameters used for numerical modelling can be defined from monitoring data.

Incorporating the Built Environment Interactions into Spatial Pattern Models to Understand Urban Metabolism in Tokyo＇s Residential Area

In Tokyo, as residential areas exist in the urban areas and are composed of areas owned by individual land owners, basically spatial changes are brought by redevelopments of each sites conducted by individual circumstances and motivations. Continuous redevelopments and spatial changes can be found dispersedly in areas. Once the spatial change in a certain site occurred in an area as a building, it will be contained in the built environment of the residential area which is defined by residents, planners and designers who will take part in the following spatial changes. In Tokyo, public transportation facilities are well developed, and residents＇ daily life involves activities such as a slow walking and bicycle, etc. around the place of residence near the public transportation hubs, each living territories are formed in this kind of manner. Considering the maintenance of spatial value in residential areas while understanding transformation of visual local environment in residential areas which focuses on appearance of each spatial change in an area of street will be of significant importance. In this paper, the authors try to describe interactions of spatial changes in existing urban residential areas focusing on utility of players who might take part in the following spatial changes and the method of discrete choice model.

Feasibility of Wind Power Generation for the Reduction of Power Costs in Residential Buildings

The installation of wind power generators on buildings located in areas with regular winds may be a suitable investment in a renewable power source. Brazil has a high eolic potential, where the annual mean wind speed may reach over eight meters per second. This case study is aimed to assess the economic feasibility of the installation of small wind power plants in urban areas. This work evaluates a project for the installation of a vertical axis wind turbine in three buildings （15-, 22-, and 26-story） including the following stages： （1） installation of a real-time power meter in the 15-store unit; （2） demand analysis of the 26-store building＇s power consumption; （3） winds survey along the coast of the State of Ceara; （4） analysis of the wind turbines available in the market; （5） simulation aimed to choose the system. Vertical wind power generators offer better conditions of use in urban areas. The turnover time was established to be between four and six years in the three studied units. The installation of a wind power generator on buildings in regions with an adequate eolic regimen reaches a financial return of the investment before the end of the equipment＇s lifespan.