A novel modified expanded granular sludge bed(EGSBm) reactor was developed for anaerobic treatment of municipal sewage with mixed liquid recirculation instead of effluent recirculation commonly adopted by a convention...A novel modified expanded granular sludge bed(EGSBm) reactor was developed for anaerobic treatment of municipal sewage with mixed liquid recirculation instead of effluent recirculation commonly adopted by a conventional EGSB(EGSBc) reactor.Performances of these two reactors were compared in treating municipal sewage at ambient temperatures ranging from 8 to 26 ℃.At an upflow liquid velocity(Vup) of 10.3 m/h,the mean concentrations of filtrated COD(CODfilt) and COD of the EGSBm effluent were determined to be 59.4 and 95.9 mg/L,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the EGSBc effluent operated under identical experimental conditions.When the organic loading rate was suddenly increased from 1.2 to 7.2 kg COD/(m3·d),the EGSBm regained the removal efficiency of previous operation phase in 10 d.Hydrodynamic characteristics of the reactors were compared using the residence time distribution(RTD) model.It was found that the treatment efficiency of EGSBm kept increasing as the Vup increased.The polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE) technique was used to analyze the microbial diversity in EGSBm.Fingerprinting pattern indicated that some species in the inoculating sludge were still reserved in the granular sludge of EGSBm,moreover,several new species occurred.展开更多
Trace organic contaminants (TOCs) correspond to a broad range of molecules generated either directly or indirectly by human activity. Even though TOCs are found at low concentrations in the environment, they often acc...Trace organic contaminants (TOCs) correspond to a broad range of molecules generated either directly or indirectly by human activity. Even though TOCs are found at low concentrations in the environment, they often accumulate by biomagnification and bioaccumulation into biological organisms and cause irreversible damages in biological systems through direct or indirect toxic effects such as endocrine disruption and tumour initiation. This manuscript presents the main findings of over fifteen years of research focusing on biological removal of various TOCs found in sewage sludge from urban treatment plants. A special focus of the research was made on microbial processes in complex anaerobic ecosystems. Four families of compounds mostly retrieved in urban plants were studied: the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), the phthalic acid esters (PAEs), and the nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs). It was observed that the microbial capability for removing low amounts of TOCs required a long adaptation time and was often limited by the bioavailability of these compounds. In fact, the overall biodegradation resulted from the numerous interactions existing between the matrix (organic matter) and the microbial ecosystems according to the physico-chemical sorption properties of these compounds. Mechanistic aspects were also tackled in depth and specific models were developed for better understanding the network of interactions between TOCs, microorganisms, and organic matter. These findings could be extrapolated to other ecosystems such as soils and sediments. Finally, it was shown that microbial cometabolism was essential for TOC removal, and the concept of bioavailability was not only dependent on the nature, the level, and the sorption properties of TOCs but was also strongly dependent on the nature and the concentration of the sludge organic matter. Specific parameters were proposed for better evaluating the fate of TOCs in microbial anaerobic processes and technological solutions for efficient removal of these compounds were also proposed.展开更多
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20876117)National Key Technologies Research & Development Program(Grant No.2006BAJ08B10,2006BAJ04A07,2008BAJ08B21)
文摘A novel modified expanded granular sludge bed(EGSBm) reactor was developed for anaerobic treatment of municipal sewage with mixed liquid recirculation instead of effluent recirculation commonly adopted by a conventional EGSB(EGSBc) reactor.Performances of these two reactors were compared in treating municipal sewage at ambient temperatures ranging from 8 to 26 ℃.At an upflow liquid velocity(Vup) of 10.3 m/h,the mean concentrations of filtrated COD(CODfilt) and COD of the EGSBm effluent were determined to be 59.4 and 95.9 mg/L,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the EGSBc effluent operated under identical experimental conditions.When the organic loading rate was suddenly increased from 1.2 to 7.2 kg COD/(m3·d),the EGSBm regained the removal efficiency of previous operation phase in 10 d.Hydrodynamic characteristics of the reactors were compared using the residence time distribution(RTD) model.It was found that the treatment efficiency of EGSBm kept increasing as the Vup increased.The polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE) technique was used to analyze the microbial diversity in EGSBm.Fingerprinting pattern indicated that some species in the inoculating sludge were still reserved in the granular sludge of EGSBm,moreover,several new species occurred.
基金Supported by the French Agency for Environment and Energy(ADEME) (No.0075033)the Ph.D.Grants and the Marie-Curie Fellowship of the European Union(No.MEIF-CT-2003-500956)
文摘Trace organic contaminants (TOCs) correspond to a broad range of molecules generated either directly or indirectly by human activity. Even though TOCs are found at low concentrations in the environment, they often accumulate by biomagnification and bioaccumulation into biological organisms and cause irreversible damages in biological systems through direct or indirect toxic effects such as endocrine disruption and tumour initiation. This manuscript presents the main findings of over fifteen years of research focusing on biological removal of various TOCs found in sewage sludge from urban treatment plants. A special focus of the research was made on microbial processes in complex anaerobic ecosystems. Four families of compounds mostly retrieved in urban plants were studied: the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), the phthalic acid esters (PAEs), and the nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs). It was observed that the microbial capability for removing low amounts of TOCs required a long adaptation time and was often limited by the bioavailability of these compounds. In fact, the overall biodegradation resulted from the numerous interactions existing between the matrix (organic matter) and the microbial ecosystems according to the physico-chemical sorption properties of these compounds. Mechanistic aspects were also tackled in depth and specific models were developed for better understanding the network of interactions between TOCs, microorganisms, and organic matter. These findings could be extrapolated to other ecosystems such as soils and sediments. Finally, it was shown that microbial cometabolism was essential for TOC removal, and the concept of bioavailability was not only dependent on the nature, the level, and the sorption properties of TOCs but was also strongly dependent on the nature and the concentration of the sludge organic matter. Specific parameters were proposed for better evaluating the fate of TOCs in microbial anaerobic processes and technological solutions for efficient removal of these compounds were also proposed.
