昭通市昭阳区城市河域污染现状及治理对策

为了解云南省昭通市昭阳区城市河域的基本现状,以昭阳区秃尾河、窑湾河、利济河3条主要河流为研究对象,设置采样点采集水样,分析水体pH值、氨氮含量、溶解氧含量和重金属含量等理化指标,根据《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)对数据进行比较分析。结果表明,3条河流溶解氧、pH值和铜含量符合标准,而氨氮、铬、锰和铁有超标现象,出现了不同程度的污染。在此基础上,对河流污染原因进行分析,并提出治理对策,为昭阳区河流治理提供科学依据。

Coordination of Urbanization and Water Ecological Environment in Shayinghe River Basin,China

During the rapid industrialization and urbanization of China,urban agglomeration in river basin areas raises the problems of over-use of water resources and pollution of the water environment.Related research in China has mainly focused on the conflicts among economic growth,urban expansion and water resource shortages within admin-istrative boundaries.However,water environments are much more dependent on their physical boundaries than their administrative boundaries.Consistent with the nature of water environment,this study aims at analyzing coordination relationships between urban development and water environment changes within physical river basin boundaries.We chose the Shayinghe River Basin,China,as our case study area which is facing serious challenges related to water en-vironment protection.Then we classified 35 county-level administrative units into upstream,midstream and down-stream regions based on their physical characteristics;analyzed the coordination degree of urban agglomeration using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method;and constructed cooperative models using the Linear Programming (LP function) to simulate four scenarios of the coordination relationship be-tween urban population increase and water environment protection based on existing water resources and water pollu-tion data.The results show that the present coordinative situation in Shayinghe River Basin is not sustainable.In gen-eral,more than 50% administrative units are in the bad coordinative situation.In particular,the downstream region is under worse condition than the upstream and midstream regions.Cooperative models in scenario analyses indicate that the population scale set in existing urban master plannings is not coordinated with the water environment protection.To reach the goal of regional sustainable development,the total population needs to be controlled such that it will re-main at 4.5×10 7 or below by 2020 given the capacity of water environment.

STRUCTURE AND RESTRUCTURING OF BEIJING-TIANJIN-HEBEI MEGALOPOLIS IN CHINA

Scott proposes to use the term global city-regions to designate the phenomena that bear some resemblance to the "world cities" firstly identified by Hall and Friedmann and Wolff, and to the "global cities" of Sassen but whose essential social logic and contextual characteristics have evolved considerably since these pioneering studies were published. In simple geographical terms, a global city-region can be refered to comprise any major metropolitan area or any contiguous set of metropolitan areas together with a surrounding hinterland of variable extent-itself a locus of scattered urban settlements-whose internal economic and political affairs are bound up in intricate ways in intensifying and far-flung extra-national relationships. Scott refers to these extra-national relationships as a symptom of "globalization". As economic motors and political actors, the global city regions have been regarded as crucial parts of development strategies in China. In the "Eleventh Five-year Plan" issued by the National Development and Reform Commission of P. R. China, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Province (Jing-Jin-Ji) region, one of the typical megalopolises or global city regions in the East Coastal China is paid more attention. This paper first analyzes the regional structure of the Jing-Jin-Ji region based on data of the fifth national population census of China. And then through the changes of the population growth, the dynamic process and mechanisms of the regional restructuring in the Jing-Jin-Ji is explored and discussed.

Spatial Effect of Mineral Resources Exploitation on Urbanization:A Case Study of Tarim River Basin,Xinjiang,China

Mineral resources exploitation significantly affects the spatial structure and evolutive trend of urbanization in arid areas.In this study,the spatial autocorrelation method and the spatial computation model were used to investigate the spatial impacts of mineral resources excavation and processing on comprehensive level of urbanization in the Tarim River Basin,Xinjiang,China for the years of 2000,2006 and 2008.The results are as follows:1)There was a spatial correlation of the development of mineral resources industry and the comprehensive level of urbanization in 2006 and 2008,with the spatial concentration trend rising significantly in 2006 and decreasing in 2008.2)The patterns of local spatial concentration of mineral resources industry and of the comprehensive level of urbanization were relatively stable,and the two patterns showed signs of spatial correlationship.The higher was the degree of the concentration of mineral resources industry,the stronger was its impact on the spatial clustering of urbanization.3)In 2000, mineral resources excavation and processing had a significant positive impact on the comprehensive level of urbanization in the region but not in its adjacent regions.However,in 2008,mineral resources excavation and processing significantly raised the comprehensive level of urbanization not only in the region but also in its neighboring regions.This research demonstrates that the development of mineral resources industry can strongly affect the trends and spatial patterns of urbanization.

Development?A Study based on Spatial Effects and Threshold Characteristics

As a pivotal element within the modern service industry,tourism possesses the capacity to reconfigure regional economic dynamics,alter resource flow patterns,and notably influence urban green development.By establishing an evaluation index system for urban green development across 60 prefecture-level cities within the Yellow River Basin from 2006 to 2021,this study employs the spatial Durbin model to delve into the nonlinear relationship between the tourism economy and urban green development.Furthermore,it investigates the heterogeneous impact of the tourism economy on green development across varying levels of urbanization.This study reveals several key findings:(1)Both tourism economy and urban green development exhibit significant spatial clustering,with tourism economy showing“midstream>downstream>upstream”and urban green development showing“downstream>midstream>upstream”.(2)The tourism economy exerts a non-linear positive influence on the green development of cities,characterized by a non-linear inverted“S”shape in its direct impact and a nonlinear“S”shape in its indirect impact.(3)As urbanization rate level escalate,the positive influence of the tourism economy on urban green development follows a non-linear trajectory,initially declining before ascending.Specifically,when the urbanization rate level is below the first threshold value,the tourism economy notably promotes urban green development.However,between the first and second threshold values,this positive impact diminishes,only to rebound beyond the second threshold value.

The black pottery coating of longshan times from Taosi Site

Taosi is an archaeological site in Xiangfen county, Shanxi province. It is considered as a capital city site with the rudiment of an early country in Longshan Times. In this work, the black pottery coating was found on the surface of black and grey pottery of Longshan times and confirmed by scientific studies for the first time. It filled in the blank of pottery coating study in this time period at the Yellow River Valley, as well as supplied a new study method of "black skin pottery" besides the carburization craft. In addition, according to the archaeological materials, we inferred that the wares with this pottery coating might be only used by the nobility at that time.