Urban parks composed mostly of vegetation and water bodies can effectively mitigate the urban heat island effect. Many studies have investigated the cooling effects of urban parks; however, little attention has been g...Urban parks composed mostly of vegetation and water bodies can effectively mitigate the urban heat island effect. Many studies have investigated the cooling effects of urban parks; however, little attention has been given to park landscape structure. Based on landscape metrics, this study has explored the influences of the park landscape structure on its inner thermal environment, taking heavily urbanized Beijing Municipality in China as the study area. Three indices, including the percentage of landscape （PLAND）, landscape shape index （LSI） and aggregation index （AI）, were used to measure the composition and configuration characteristics of the landscape components inside the parks. The indices were calculated for five landscape types being interpreted from Quickbird images. Urban thermal conditions were measured using the land surface temperature （LST） derived from Landsat TM images. The results showed that the park LST had a negative relationship with the park size, but no significant relationship was found with park shape. For the park＇s interior landscape, however, the configuration and composition characteristics of the landscape components inside the park explained 70% of the park LST variance. The area percentage of water bodies and the aggregation index of woodland were identified as the key influencing characteristics. In addition, when the composition and configuration characteristics of the park landscape components were separately considered, the configuration characteristics （LSI and A1） explained approximately 54% of the variance in park LST, which was comparable with that explained by the composition characteristics （PLAND）. Thus, this study suggested that an effective and practical way for urban cooling park design is the optimization of spatial configuration of landscape components inside the park.展开更多
The urban environmental quality remains currently difficult to be assessed because of overlapping of several natural and anthropogenic factors having socio-economic and environmental outstanding impacts. The fast deve...The urban environmental quality remains currently difficult to be assessed because of overlapping of several natural and anthropogenic factors having socio-economic and environmental outstanding impacts. The fast developing and uncontrolled urbanization is behind the development of some negative side effects on the urban environment. Many studies demonstrate the ability of remote sensing and GIS （geographic information system） to monitor urban environment quality. Casablanca, Morocco＇s economical capital is facing a fast growing demographic development amplified by a massive rural depopulation and all this in an anarchic way. This growth of increased urban activity comes often with the proliferation of informal settlement and shantytown to the detriment of farming areas and green spaces. This study is made possible by using a SPOT-5 image of Casablanca city, taken March 16, 2004 merged with 2.5 m spatial resolution and census data. Indicators were defined and listed in social, economic and environmental categories. An index of environmental quality in Casablanca city for the 17 urban municipalities was calculated after the standardization and weighting of indicators used. The results may be useful to city managers and planners who are concerned with urban environment quality issues and sustainable development.展开更多
In this study, urban environmental condition using Terra ASTER （advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer） remotely sensed satellite imagery was estimated and compared to statistically derived s...In this study, urban environmental condition using Terra ASTER （advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer） remotely sensed satellite imagery was estimated and compared to statistically derived socioeconomic condition data from Semarang Municipality in Central Java Province： Indonesia. From satellite imagery： U1 （urban index） and NDVI （normalized difference vegetation index） were calculated and used that information to construct urban density and vegetation distribution maps of the study area. Urban density and vegetation distribution were combined to estimate urban environmental condition; then compared to socioeconomic conditions. The results revealed that the Semarang Municipality had a higher percentage of developed or urbanized areas （49%） compared to the percentage of area covered by vegetation （42%）. In general, southern Semarang had a higher quality urban environment and socioeconomic condition compared to northern Semarang, which had a higher urban density, lower quality urban environment and lower socioeconomic condition. The indicate that socioeconomic condition can be determined using satellite-derived urban and vegetation indices even in places like Semarang Municipality, where the population settlement was sparse and unorganized.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of the important National Project of high-resolution Earth Observation System(No.00-Y30B15-9001-14/16)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41421001)
文摘Urban parks composed mostly of vegetation and water bodies can effectively mitigate the urban heat island effect. Many studies have investigated the cooling effects of urban parks; however, little attention has been given to park landscape structure. Based on landscape metrics, this study has explored the influences of the park landscape structure on its inner thermal environment, taking heavily urbanized Beijing Municipality in China as the study area. Three indices, including the percentage of landscape （PLAND）, landscape shape index （LSI） and aggregation index （AI）, were used to measure the composition and configuration characteristics of the landscape components inside the parks. The indices were calculated for five landscape types being interpreted from Quickbird images. Urban thermal conditions were measured using the land surface temperature （LST） derived from Landsat TM images. The results showed that the park LST had a negative relationship with the park size, but no significant relationship was found with park shape. For the park＇s interior landscape, however, the configuration and composition characteristics of the landscape components inside the park explained 70% of the park LST variance. The area percentage of water bodies and the aggregation index of woodland were identified as the key influencing characteristics. In addition, when the composition and configuration characteristics of the park landscape components were separately considered, the configuration characteristics （LSI and A1） explained approximately 54% of the variance in park LST, which was comparable with that explained by the composition characteristics （PLAND）. Thus, this study suggested that an effective and practical way for urban cooling park design is the optimization of spatial configuration of landscape components inside the park.
文摘The urban environmental quality remains currently difficult to be assessed because of overlapping of several natural and anthropogenic factors having socio-economic and environmental outstanding impacts. The fast developing and uncontrolled urbanization is behind the development of some negative side effects on the urban environment. Many studies demonstrate the ability of remote sensing and GIS （geographic information system） to monitor urban environment quality. Casablanca, Morocco＇s economical capital is facing a fast growing demographic development amplified by a massive rural depopulation and all this in an anarchic way. This growth of increased urban activity comes often with the proliferation of informal settlement and shantytown to the detriment of farming areas and green spaces. This study is made possible by using a SPOT-5 image of Casablanca city, taken March 16, 2004 merged with 2.5 m spatial resolution and census data. Indicators were defined and listed in social, economic and environmental categories. An index of environmental quality in Casablanca city for the 17 urban municipalities was calculated after the standardization and weighting of indicators used. The results may be useful to city managers and planners who are concerned with urban environment quality issues and sustainable development.
文摘In this study, urban environmental condition using Terra ASTER （advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer） remotely sensed satellite imagery was estimated and compared to statistically derived socioeconomic condition data from Semarang Municipality in Central Java Province： Indonesia. From satellite imagery： U1 （urban index） and NDVI （normalized difference vegetation index） were calculated and used that information to construct urban density and vegetation distribution maps of the study area. Urban density and vegetation distribution were combined to estimate urban environmental condition; then compared to socioeconomic conditions. The results revealed that the Semarang Municipality had a higher percentage of developed or urbanized areas （49%） compared to the percentage of area covered by vegetation （42%）. In general, southern Semarang had a higher quality urban environment and socioeconomic condition compared to northern Semarang, which had a higher urban density, lower quality urban environment and lower socioeconomic condition. The indicate that socioeconomic condition can be determined using satellite-derived urban and vegetation indices even in places like Semarang Municipality, where the population settlement was sparse and unorganized.
