莫斯科带形发展——论首都城市结构发展问题

莫斯科作为环状放射形城市结构的典型代表,在世界城市规划实践中占有重要的地位。但这一结构的发展也是一个逐渐完善的过程。仍有许多难以完全解决的问题,如城市交通的飞速发展对古老城市中心的冲击问题,环状放射形规划结构的优点和缺点各是什么?这一结构模式是不是莫斯科城市发展的最佳模式呢?在当今时代里,这种规划结构又面临怎样的挑战呢?其出路何在呢?带着这些问题,我们特邀请莫斯科建筑学院副校长、城市规划研究室主任I·G·烈什瓦教授提出自己的观点,解答我们上面的问题。

中国矿业城市的可持续发展之路——评《中国矿业城市研究——结构、演变与发展》

在人类社会发展的历史长河中,城市是我们栖息繁衍、生活生产的群落.地理环境、自然物产、交通运输、社会文化等因素对城市的发展起到加速或制约的作用.

INDUSTRIAL TRANSFORMATION OF SHENYANG CITY

Industrial transformation represents a unique economic phenomenon in China’s regional economy, and old industrial city reconstruction has long been a key problem that affects state security. As a typical old industrial city in China, Shenyang established its heavy industrial city position in the First Five-year Plan period(1953-1957), and this industrial structure has been consolidated for a long time. After 1978, Shenyang began its long lasting industrial reconstruction in an all-round way by 3 main initiatives including restructuring economic system, upgrading traditional industrial technology and developing high-tech industry. In the end of the 1990s, it could be identified that remarkable structural changes took place in city economy at large as well as individual industrial sector. According to the GDP proportion change, Shenyang is on the way to a high level industrial structure. The secondary industry also engendered significant shifting as smelting and textile industry declined sharply but IT industry increased largely. Although the ratio of the heavy industry to the light industry changed periodically, the heavy industrial output value most time kept a high proportion over 60% of the gross industrial output value in the past five decades. Shenyang has favorable conditions for developing equipment manufacturing industry, but it should carry out the program by establishing its leading role in urban economy plan, building "Theme Industrial Parks", improving Tiexi Industrial Zone, removing any kind of system barrier, enlarging private and other ownerships economy and improving technology, marketing and management by IT application. In response to economy globalization, Shenyang needs to expand the cooperation worldwide and improve the cohesion with surrounding cities.

Analysis on Micro Creative Space Development from the Perspective of New Urbanization View Field——Taking Micro Creative Garden of Gongshu District as an Example

With the rapid developmem of new urbanization, a number of micro creative space has emerged in China. The micro creative space of Gongshu District in Hangzhou has experienced a rapid and mixed development. Considering the existing problems of those space, the following measures can help those space realize an organic urban growth： arranging the layout comprehensively, optimizing industrial agglomeration, improving the planning management quality and optimizing public platform serx, ice support. The good development of micro creative garden can promote the full flow of creative element, so as to accelerate city economic structure transformation, increase city space efficiency and promote the city innovation development.

How to make the development strategies for digital city

Digital City has emerged gradually with the development of a global economy and global information. How to make development strategies for Digital City is becoming an important topic that deserves deeper research in both theory and practice. This paper mainly analyzes the connation of Digital City and the principles of developing strategies for Digital City. The conclusions of this paper can supply fundamental ideas and instructions for Digital City construction.

The research of economic development law in resourceful city

The resource advantage of resourceful region has made the region develop very fast. However because the resource is of exhausting character, this means that the region has hidden troubles of economic depression. The paper analyzes the formation of resourceful region and the law of resourceful regions economic development, and then the paper brings forward that the resourceful region has a potential danger of economic depression. Considering Chinas economic development practice, the paper puts forward a basic way of thinking. That is: we must attach importance to the problem of industrial structure when we pay attention to existing resource advantage in order to avoid the simplification of regional industrial structure and to avoid entering a vicious cycle.

STUDY ON THE OPTIMUM PATTERN OF DAQIN G URBAN SPATIAL STRUCTURE

Daqing is a mining city that was set up on wetland by exploiting and processing petroleum.This paper points out that net-group urban system is the optimization mode for Daqin g urban spatial structure through an alyzing and appraising the present situation,c haracteristics,advantages and dis advantages of Daqing spatial structure.And the best way of optimizing Daqing urban spatial structure is to adopt sustainable development strategy,establish th e coordinated grade structure of urban system,con struct developed towns net system,p refect the function structure of the towns at all levels,make full use of resources an d strengthen environmental protection.Spatial structure of Daqing must be according-ly adjusted in order to adapt to the tr ansformation of future economy types and functions.Based on the foundation of keep-ing net group,the development shoul d be from disperse to moderate centra lization in order to give prominence to the multi-function of the central city.Constr ucting ruralizing city should be the future goal of Daqing City.

Study on social support system of urban Empty Nester old-age home

Empty nester are elderly people who have special needs. With the evolution of the aging society and family structure, empty nest family is rapidly increasing. The Empty Nester is the result of a combination of factors of population transformation, economic development, intergenerational relations change etc. We need to build a multi-level, three-dimensional social support networks, to ensure that this part of the elderly can happily spend their twilight years.

Environmental Nexus： and You Will Know Us by Our Places

The paper investigates the places of an urban region inside a Biosphere Reserve in southern Brazil and explores the potentialities for synergies between their biological and sociocultural systems. It assumes： （i） the perception of their regional rootedness works beneficially for enhancing sustainability; （ii） current progress in place＇s conceptualization helps in the quest for sustainability, since the core factors of the concept deal precisely with the relationships between people and environment. The paper works both with the perception of existing, as invented places, analysing the perception they stimulate. Real places are seen as socially constructed; invented places, as economically promoted. Selection of empirical regional cases is based on their： perception （real and invented places）; scale （urban and ex-urban）; management （public or private）. In the area of Architecture-Urbanism, place is a created environmental form, imbued with symbolic significance to its users. In the present shift of paradigms from modernism to postmodernism, the discipline evolves towards a more thorough concern with the philosophical implications of places on phenomenological grounds. Also, the making and marketing of new places become increasingly accepted as influential tools to foster prosperity and well-being, by means of the economic development attributed to the creation of places. The concerted private and public management of the region＇s places and the restrained design they presently employ are providing grounds for an affluent development, showing a wise use of the regional resources. Altogether, it seems inhabitants have learned how to work in conjunction with the environment. This hints at a clear manifestation of sustainable development, worth investigating. Presumably, the concept of place, positioned as it is at the very interface of physical, social, economic and behavioural disciplines, seems to provide a likely means for tackling the challenges for a sustained regional development planning.

合肥地铁站域空间类型化研究

文章针对合肥已建成的地铁站域及其周边空间,通过对典型地铁站域的调查研究,总结归纳地铁站域空间类型、功能要素之间的连接关系。通过对合肥地铁一、二号线沿线站域分布类型的研究,从宏观角度分析地铁站域与城市整体发展的关系;通过对站域周边交通路网图的绘制,表现地铁站域周边的衔接关系。最终,根据以上研究总结合肥地铁站域周边地区发展的可能性。

Spatio-temporal evolution of urban innovation structure based on zip code geodatabase: An empirical study from Shanghai and Beijing

In today's world, the innovation of science and technology has become the key support for improving comprehensive national strength and changing the mode of social production and lifestyle. The country that possesses world-class scientific and technological innovation cities maximizes the attraction of global innovation factors and wins a strategic initiative in international competition. Based on the urban zip code geodatabase, an evaluation system of urban innovation with the perspective of innovation outputs, and the spatial evolutionary mode, concerning the structure of innovation space of Shanghai and Beijing from 1991 to 2014, was developed. The results of the research indicated that the zip code geodatabase provided a new perspective for studying the evolving spatial structure of urban innovation. The resulting evaluation of the spatial structure of urban innovation using the urban zip code geodatabase established by connecting random edge points, was relatively effective. The study illustrates the value of this methodology. During the study period, the spatial structure of innovation of Shanghai and Beijing demonstrated many common features: with the increase in urban space units participating in innovation year by year, the overall gap of regional innovation outputs has narrowed, and the trend towards spatial agglomeration has strengthened. The evolving spatial structure of innovation of Shanghai and Beijing demonstrated differences between the common features during the 25 years as well: in the trend towards the suburbanization of innovation resources, the spatial structure of innovation of Shanghai evolved from a single-core to a multi-core structure. A radiation effect related to traffic arteries as spatial diffusion corridors was prominent. Accordingly, a spatial correlation effect of its innovation outputs also indicated a hollowness in the city center; the spatial structure of innovation of Beijing had a single-core oriented structure all the way. Together with the tendency for innovation resources to be agglomerated in the city center, the spatial correlation effect of innovation outputs reflected the characteristics of the evolutionary feature where "rural area encircles cities". The innovation spatial structure of Shanghai and Beijing have intrinsic consistency with the spatial structure of their respective regions(Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region), which suggested that the principle of proportional and disproportional distribution of a city-scale pattern of technological and innovational activities is closely related to its regional innovation pattern.