从上海高层火灾事件反思城市综合减灾体系

2010年冬天，中国发生了几起重特大火灾事故，给人民群众生命财产造成重大损失。特别是11月15日，上海市静安区一高层居民住宅楼发生特人火灾，造成58人死亡、70多人受伤。巨大的灾难令人悲痛，后继处理更是复杂错综，成本高昂。无论是对于上海市各级政府和相关部门，还是对于中央和其他地方政府，教训都是深刻惨痛的。事故第二天，

建设城市综合减灾体系

2004年12月22日清晨,北京市出现了入冬以来范围最大、持续时间最长、强度最大的降雪,平均降雪量3.6毫米,其中海淀区的降雪量最大达到了6.9毫米。令人欣喜的是,与发生在去年7月份那两场导致京城多处地区发生严重堵塞的强降雨不同,由于各有关部门及时启动应急预案,公安、市政、交通、气象等多个单位从容应对,保障了城市的道路畅通,京城处处秩序井然。不难看出,在经历了去年7月10日那场强降雨带给北京的诸多不便后,北京市应对包括自然灾害在内的突发性公共事件的能力已经得到了明显的增强。然而,从另一个角度来看,此次降雪的强度并不是很大,如果遭遇强度更大的降雪,北京还能从容应对吗?

谈古论今说雪灾

高耸入云的摩天大楼、密集的动力网络、四通八达的运输干线是现代城市繁荣的标志．也是现代城市十分脆弱的软肋：城市是人类文明结晶的集散地，又可能是很多灾难的发源地。突发性灾难如同达摩克利斯之剑悬于城市上空．如同不定时炸弹埋在城市地下．风险成为现代城市的常数。其实古代御寒的方式对城市综合减灾体系的建设颇有启示．

Optimization for Planning Programs of Fire Stations in Main Districts of Hangzhou Based on GIS Analysis

As an important part of the city＇s compfehensive disaster prevention and alleviation security system, dty fite control system has diawn increasing attention 〇￡ the community. The planning of dty fife stations is an important safeguard to improve the city fire security. Whetiief the planning is scientific and rational will affect the fire security of the entire dty directly. In this papei; road networks were built based on GIS, the service range of fire stations was calculated based on time cost, and the planning of fire stations in main districts of Hangzhou was evaluated in terms of security, efficiency,and balance The results showed that this planning made significant improvements in security and balance of fke fighting service provided by the main districts of Hangzhou, but few improvements were high in efficiency. On. tiie whole, Xiacheng District did the best job in fire control, and Xihu District was expected to make efforts to improve its fire security.

关注城市与住宅健康安全隐患

非典疫情暴露了我国住宅建筑设计以及城市规划设计方面的诸多健康安全隐患,这些隐患涉及千家万户,影响广泛。本刊特邀相关专家就这一话题予以论述。