沈阳大力改善城市绿化环境

沈阳市采取多项措施大力加快绿化建设,改善城市环境。首先,沈阳市决定拆除市内所有公园内的违章建筑和与环境不协调的建筑。其中为恢复昭陵恢弘和肃穆的历史原貌,规定今年3月底前必须完成的拆除工程包括:园内停车场、007城堡。

城市生存环境绿色量值群的研究(1)

“城市生存环境绿色量植群的研究”为国家自然科学基金项目，由国家自然科学基金和建设部科学基金联合资助。本文概述了该课题探讨国内外城市公园绿地的绿色量指标，借鉴国内外对城市绿地各种功能量化的研究，进行我国城市绿化环境质量评价和典型城市市民对绿地需求的调查研究，应用新科技成果绿化三维量对典型城市不同的绿地类型、绿化结构的各项测算，提出了五类４０项绿色量指标。全面、综合地反映和衡量绿色环境的生态、游憩、审美等功能和环境质量与生活质量。

植物配置在现代城市园林造景中的应用与创新

城市园林景观是改善城市生态环境的一个重要途径,但是,在城市园林造景的过程中,其美观性、功能性主要取决于多种植物合理配置。基于此,本文针对植物配置在现代城市园林造景中的应用与创新,展开详尽的分析和阐述,以确保城市园林功能性与美观性的同时,进而改善城市生态环境,促进城市建设与自然的和谐发展。

全国林业气象学术讨论会在江苏江都召开

中国农学会农业气象研究会和中国林学会于1982年10月9日至14日在江苏省江都县召开全国林业气象学术讨论会,参加这次会议的有林业、农业、气象和中国科学院系统的科研、教学、生产单位的代表和列席代表共130余名。会议共收到学术论文120多篇,就近几年来林业气象研究取得的成果对以下几方面的问题进行深入的交流和讨论。 (一)森林水热平衡 森林水热平衡是研究森林气候和森林生态的重要理论基础。

SPATIAL GRADIENT ANALYSIS OF URBAN GREEN SPACES COMBINED WITH LANDSCAPE METRICS IN JINAN CITY OF CHINA

Urban green spaces have been arisen growing concern responded to the social and environmental costs of urban sprawl. A wide range of planning and policies has been and/or will be designed to protect urban green spaces and optimize their spatial pattern. A better design or planning of urban green space can make a major contribution to quality of environment and urban life, and furthermore can decide whether we can have a sustainable development in the urban area. Information about the status quo of urban green spaces can help planners design more effectively. However, how to quantify and capture such information will be the essential question we face. In this paper, to quantify the urban green space, a new method comprising gradient analysis, landscape metrics and GIS was developed through a case of Jinan City. The results demonstrate: 1) the gradient analysis is a valid and reliable instrument to quantify the urban green space spatial pattern precisely; 2) using moving window, explicit landscape metrics were spatially realized. Compared with quantifying metrics in the entire landscape, it would be better to link pattern with process and establish an important basis for analyzing the ecological and socioeconomic functions of green spaces.

A New Approach for Vegetation Change Detection in Urban Areas

Because of complex change in urban areas, modified CVA application based on mask techniques can minify the effect of non-vegetation changes and improve upon efficiency to a great extent. Moreover, drawing from methods in polar plots, the technique measures changes with absolute angular and total magnitude of PVI calculated on the basis of linear fit with least-square estimation and GVI calculated using 3D G-S transformation. Finally, this application is performed with Landsat ETM+ imageries of Wuhan in 2002 and 2005, and assessed by error matrix, in the way it could detect change pixels 94.91% correct, and the total consistent coefficient Kappa could reach to 0.85. The evaluation result demonstrates this new application trends as an efficient and effective alternative to urban vegetation change extraction.

Foliar Dust Size Characteristics of Greening Trees in Aksu, Northwest China

Urban greening trees intercept the migration of atmospheric particulate matters near the ground, and it is difficult for the particulate matters trapped by foliage to re-elevate, thus reducing the hafm to humans. The dust-capturing ability and foliar dust size charactetistics of different greening trees are different In addition, the dust capturing of trees is distutbed by many factors such as sel natural and human factors. The foliar dust and natural dustfaJl in 11 common, tree species in Aksu, Northwest China were collected to analyze tihe particle size distribution diacacteristics,and obtain the concentrations of PM^ and PM10. The results showed that Pktanus acenfolia, Populus alba var. pyramidaJis and Uhnus densa. had high foliar dust attachment density and strong particle-capturing capacity,while Elaeagnus angustifoliaL., Pyrns sinldangensis, Sophora japonica L. had low foliar dust attachment density. The foliar PMZ5 and PM10 contents were highest in E. ongustifolia （0.68%） and Vitis vinefcra （3.59%）, tespectively. The volume fraction of fine partides was small in natural dustM and was kige in foliar dust The median of foliar dust particle size followed tiie descending ordei： industrial area 〉 transportation hub area 〉 residential area 〉 clean area; and the median of natural dustfall particle size followed the descending order： dear area 〉 transportation hub area 〉 industrial area 〉 residential area. There was a big difference between the two.

A Preliminary Study on Effects of Four Urban Greenbelt Types on Human Comfort in Shenzhen,P.R.China

Four urban greenbelt types including roadside greenbelt, resident-area greenbelt, landscape forest, and forest park, were simultaneously investigated in Shenzhen, China, in such measures as air temperature, air humidity, wind speed, air anion ratio, and inhalabal particle concentration, which were strongly related with pleasing feeling of human body. The results show that the average air temperature in both forest park and landscape forest is much closer to the pleasing feeling of human body temperature than that of the rest two greenbelts, where it is 1.782 ℃ and 0.837℃ in forest park as well as 3.084 ℃ and 2.140 ℃ in landscape forest less than that of roadside and resident-area greenbelts, respectively. In terms of mean air humidity, forest park and landscape forest are 3.034% and 7.563% higher than that of roadside greenbelt, and 1.205% and 5.734% higher than that of resident-area greenbelt, respectively, implying a sound humidity feeling of human comfort in the former two types. The air cleanness holds a descending rank as forest park, landscape forest, resident-area greenbelt, and roadside greenbelt, whereas the rank in inhalable particle concentration is completely reverse. In general, landscape forest and forest park that mainly consist of trees have a comparatively higher feeling of human comfort whereas roadside and resident-area greenbelts fluctuate irregularly to some extent for the measures studied. The four greenbelt types investigated could be summarized in human comfort as the following descending rank, forest park, landscape forest, resident-area greenbelt, and roadside greenbelt.

A Perspective of Urban Forestry Policy and Management Methodologies in China

Urban forestry provides the way to resolve the ecological and environmental problems of urbanization. Recently, how to make appropriate urban forestry policy and implement the corresponding management methodologies has become one of hot topics in the research of urban forestry. In this paper, Chinese urban forestry policies were introduced, the common themes of urban forestry planning, for example, Green Structure Planning had been identified, different urban forestry management strategies were suggested primarily in China under the guidance of European urban forestry management methodologies. Additionally, partnership and public involvement, as the main working methods of urban forestry, were analyzed in detail. The aims of this paper is to examine current practices related to urban forestry policy and management, to improve the urban forestry sustainable management ability for policy makers, managers, beneficiaries, user-groups, communities, and to improve the ecological and environmental quality in urban and suburban areas in China.

Land, Fund and Mechanism:Three Bottlenecks of Chinese Urban Forestry in the 21st Century

Although desirable developments have been achieved since the implementation of the reform-and-opening-up policy, the urban forestry in China is still haunted by the problems of land scarcity, fundshortage and administrative mechanism dysfunction. With a concern of these problems, this paper have madea survey of the current status of the land use in urban areas for the purpose of proposing strategies for urbanforestry development in China, and have made an evaluation on the relation between fund and urban forestrywith a focus on the means of attracting investment and raising fund. In line with the system of socialorganizations, of administration, and of management, special concern about the systematic and operationalmechanism of urban forestry has been expressed. Based upon the analysis as such, this paper holds that landis the foundation of urban forestry development; fund is the motive force of the sustainable development ofurban forestry; mechanism is the guarantee for the urban forestry to develop in a healthy and effective order.

Multi-sectoral Participatory Urban Forestry Development in Philippines Metropolitan Manila

Metropolitan Manila, the capital region of the Philippines, initiated urban forestry projects toshowcase its environmental benefits. Metro Manila was once a part of a tropical mangrove forest dominatedby small trees locally called nilad (Scyphiphora hydrophyllaceae). The fast-paced urbanization transformedthe original ecosystem into a bustling metropolis subjected to environmental decay. The establishment ofurban forestry is one of the interventions sought by the government to mitigate the environmental conditions.Thus, the concept of participatory urban forestry was formalized in 1988 by the national government.However, it was during the early years of the 1970s that the idea of exerting collective effort in greeningMetro Manila started through the Green Revolution, with the primary motive of uplifting the economiccondition of the people rather than on ecological enhancement. The project was forced on the people to plantvegetables and fruit trees with less emphasis on forest trees species. Although the project was not successful,the government realized that the citizenry could be a great partner for a collective worthwhile undertaking.

Development of Urban Forests in Indonesia

Developments in urban area, which result situation of urban environment progressively becomeonly going forward economical but retreat ecologically. Though urban stability is very important ecologically,it is the same important as its stability value economical. Annoyed stability of urban ecosystem showednatures reaction in the form of: the increasing of air temperature, degradation of ground water, floods,degradation of surface of land, sea water intrusion, coastal abrasion, contamination of water in the form ofdrinking water smell, containing heavy metal, contamination of air like the increasing of rate of CO, ozone(O3), carbon-dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and brimstone (S), dirt, barren atmosphere, monotonous,dirty and noisy. Some metropolis and developing cities in Indonesia are developing urban forests to anticipatethe above-mentioned problems.

Practice and Use of Tree Species in Urban Forestry in Thailand

Urban forestry is now increasingly practiced in Thailand. This has gained impetus because ofgradual deterioration of visual amenity and environmental quality in many of the rapidly developing urbancenters. Various urban beautification programs are being implemented to rehabilitate blighted landscape,polluted atmosphere and deteriorating weather conditions, as well as to maintain a clean, healthy and pleasantenvironment so as to ensure a better quality of life. Planting of suitable trees for shade, climatic ameliorationand aesthetic values form the principal activity under these beautification programs. It is regarded as not onlyan important component of socio-economic development but also contributive to the restoration of the urbanecosystem. The responsibility of the implementation of most of these programs falls to the BangkokMetropolitan, Administration, Provincial and District Municipalities. The Royal Forest Department playsthe supporting role of supplying seedlings of the species required for planting and providing technical adviceon the growing of these trees. In this paper tree species commonly planted in urban and populated areas inThailand are identified. It is envisaged that with the vast amount of flora available in Thailand and through theintegrated efforts of all agencies involved, this program will achieve the target of beautifying the cities andtowns of Thailand.

Urban Forestry as a Vehicle for Healthy and Sustainable Development

Urban forestry has been defined as the art, science and technology of managing trees and forestresources in and around urban community ecosystems for the physiological, sociological, economic andaesthetic benefits trees provide. The importance of urban forestry has received limited attention in manypoor countries as it is often percieved as being associated with beautification projects, which are considereda luxury benefiting only the wealthier part of the population. However, urban forestry may have a number ofenvironmental, economic and socio-cultural values, which will also benefit poorer segments of city populations.Even in poorer countries, planning for urban trees and forests is a good investment, as these areas will bedemanded when income levels increase. Once everything is allocated to other construction or infrastructure,it may be very difficult to create new green areas unless these are planned for.The Danish Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning has been leading actor in the development of UrbanForestry during the last decade. EUFORIC (European Urban Forestry Research and Information Centre),COST Action E12 Urban Forests and Trees and E39 Forests, Trees and Human Health and Wellbeing areall examples of activities initiated and coordinated by the Danish centre. It has also developed urban forestryand urban greening as a concept for environment and development aid projects in Eastern Europe anddeveloping countries in Southeast Asia and Southern Africa. Over the coming years, the main challange willbe to ensure that the expansion of the green infrastructure in the worlds urban areas is implemented withinthe framework of sustainability and human health and well-being, without the use of a technology inimical toman and nature and with as few chemical aids as possible.