试论城市绿化生态化建设中存在的问题及对策

习近平总书记提出:"既要金山银山,又要绿水青山,绿水青山就是金山银山。"步入21世纪以来,我国更加注重环境的可持续发展问题,而城市可持续发展的主要表现就是绿化生态化建设,通过不断提高城市居民的生活质量,改善城市的绿化水平,使城市演变成绿化生态城市。城市绿化生态化建设不但改善了城市的生存空间,更重要的是响应了"建设美丽社会主义现代化强国"的号召。本文通过对在城市绿化生态化建设中所出现的问题的简要分析,提出了有效的解决措施,仅供参考。

The Landscape Design of Roads Afforestation of Jiangnan New District in Mudanjiang Municipality

Based on road characters in Jiangnan New District in Mudanjiang Municipality,four typical roads were selected to carry out road afforestation design with consideration of local building features and local vegetations,in order to integrate both of landscape effects,in terms of improving and beautifying city environment,and of ecological effects,such as filtering air,reducing temperature,increasing humidity,and reducing noise.

Greening Strategies for the Construction of Eco-garden City in Xinjiang

There are a lot of problems in urban greening strategies for Xinjiang due to geographical conditions, climate and humanity. Based on the construction of eco-garden city in Xinjiang, this paper analyzed the greening problems during the construction of eco-garden city, so as to provide a reference for the greening construction of eco-garden city in Xinjiang.

SPATIAL GRADIENT ANALYSIS OF URBAN GREEN SPACES COMBINED WITH LANDSCAPE METRICS IN JINAN CITY OF CHINA

Urban green spaces have been arisen growing concern responded to the social and environmental costs of urban sprawl. A wide range of planning and policies has been and/or will be designed to protect urban green spaces and optimize their spatial pattern. A better design or planning of urban green space can make a major contribution to quality of environment and urban life, and furthermore can decide whether we can have a sustainable development in the urban area. Information about the status quo of urban green spaces can help planners design more effectively. However, how to quantify and capture such information will be the essential question we face. In this paper, to quantify the urban green space, a new method comprising gradient analysis, landscape metrics and GIS was developed through a case of Jinan City. The results demonstrate: 1) the gradient analysis is a valid and reliable instrument to quantify the urban green space spatial pattern precisely; 2) using moving window, explicit landscape metrics were spatially realized. Compared with quantifying metrics in the entire landscape, it would be better to link pattern with process and establish an important basis for analyzing the ecological and socioeconomic functions of green spaces.

A Preliminary Study on Effects of Four Urban Greenbelt Types on Human Comfort in Shenzhen,P.R.China

Four urban greenbelt types including roadside greenbelt, resident-area greenbelt, landscape forest, and forest park, were simultaneously investigated in Shenzhen, China, in such measures as air temperature, air humidity, wind speed, air anion ratio, and inhalabal particle concentration, which were strongly related with pleasing feeling of human body. The results show that the average air temperature in both forest park and landscape forest is much closer to the pleasing feeling of human body temperature than that of the rest two greenbelts, where it is 1.782 ℃ and 0.837℃ in forest park as well as 3.084 ℃ and 2.140 ℃ in landscape forest less than that of roadside and resident-area greenbelts, respectively. In terms of mean air humidity, forest park and landscape forest are 3.034% and 7.563% higher than that of roadside greenbelt, and 1.205% and 5.734% higher than that of resident-area greenbelt, respectively, implying a sound humidity feeling of human comfort in the former two types. The air cleanness holds a descending rank as forest park, landscape forest, resident-area greenbelt, and roadside greenbelt, whereas the rank in inhalable particle concentration is completely reverse. In general, landscape forest and forest park that mainly consist of trees have a comparatively higher feeling of human comfort whereas roadside and resident-area greenbelts fluctuate irregularly to some extent for the measures studied. The four greenbelt types investigated could be summarized in human comfort as the following descending rank, forest park, landscape forest, resident-area greenbelt, and roadside greenbelt.

Land, Fund and Mechanism:Three Bottlenecks of Chinese Urban Forestry in the 21st Century

Although desirable developments have been achieved since the implementation of the reform-and-opening-up policy, the urban forestry in China is still haunted by the problems of land scarcity, fundshortage and administrative mechanism dysfunction. With a concern of these problems, this paper have madea survey of the current status of the land use in urban areas for the purpose of proposing strategies for urbanforestry development in China, and have made an evaluation on the relation between fund and urban forestrywith a focus on the means of attracting investment and raising fund. In line with the system of socialorganizations, of administration, and of management, special concern about the systematic and operationalmechanism of urban forestry has been expressed. Based upon the analysis as such, this paper holds that landis the foundation of urban forestry development; fund is the motive force of the sustainable development ofurban forestry; mechanism is the guarantee for the urban forestry to develop in a healthy and effective order.

Multi-sectoral Participatory Urban Forestry Development in Philippines Metropolitan Manila

Metropolitan Manila, the capital region of the Philippines, initiated urban forestry projects toshowcase its environmental benefits. Metro Manila was once a part of a tropical mangrove forest dominatedby small trees locally called nilad (Scyphiphora hydrophyllaceae). The fast-paced urbanization transformedthe original ecosystem into a bustling metropolis subjected to environmental decay. The establishment ofurban forestry is one of the interventions sought by the government to mitigate the environmental conditions.Thus, the concept of participatory urban forestry was formalized in 1988 by the national government.However, it was during the early years of the 1970s that the idea of exerting collective effort in greeningMetro Manila started through the Green Revolution, with the primary motive of uplifting the economiccondition of the people rather than on ecological enhancement. The project was forced on the people to plantvegetables and fruit trees with less emphasis on forest trees species. Although the project was not successful,the government realized that the citizenry could be a great partner for a collective worthwhile undertaking.

Development of Urban Forests in Indonesia

Developments in urban area, which result situation of urban environment progressively becomeonly going forward economical but retreat ecologically. Though urban stability is very important ecologically,it is the same important as its stability value economical. Annoyed stability of urban ecosystem showednatures reaction in the form of: the increasing of air temperature, degradation of ground water, floods,degradation of surface of land, sea water intrusion, coastal abrasion, contamination of water in the form ofdrinking water smell, containing heavy metal, contamination of air like the increasing of rate of CO, ozone(O3), carbon-dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and brimstone (S), dirt, barren atmosphere, monotonous,dirty and noisy. Some metropolis and developing cities in Indonesia are developing urban forests to anticipatethe above-mentioned problems.

Practice and Use of Tree Species in Urban Forestry in Thailand

Urban forestry is now increasingly practiced in Thailand. This has gained impetus because ofgradual deterioration of visual amenity and environmental quality in many of the rapidly developing urbancenters. Various urban beautification programs are being implemented to rehabilitate blighted landscape,polluted atmosphere and deteriorating weather conditions, as well as to maintain a clean, healthy and pleasantenvironment so as to ensure a better quality of life. Planting of suitable trees for shade, climatic ameliorationand aesthetic values form the principal activity under these beautification programs. It is regarded as not onlyan important component of socio-economic development but also contributive to the restoration of the urbanecosystem. The responsibility of the implementation of most of these programs falls to the BangkokMetropolitan, Administration, Provincial and District Municipalities. The Royal Forest Department playsthe supporting role of supplying seedlings of the species required for planting and providing technical adviceon the growing of these trees. In this paper tree species commonly planted in urban and populated areas inThailand are identified. It is envisaged that with the vast amount of flora available in Thailand and through theintegrated efforts of all agencies involved, this program will achieve the target of beautifying the cities andtowns of Thailand.

Management and Administration of Urban Forest

The thesis is focused on the elements operating in the management and administration of urbanforests, such as the concept of urban forest, the scale, the ecological, economical and social benefits, thelandscape harmonization, the coordinate administration, the investing and financing mechanism, the utilizationof ecosystem function, the prevention of negative effects and so on. Meanwhile, solutions to problems inthese elements are respectively presented.