城市群落学:城市群现象的生态学解读

以现代城市是具有生态智慧的特殊生命体为理论前提,认为应当用生态学的方法和理论对城市群现象进行重新解读。首先,阐述不同历史时期城市之间的作用形式,指出新经济时期城市群的生物群落特性,并对城市群落和城市群落学进行概念界定。进而,解析城市群落的组成和空间结构,将城市群落的成员划分为优势城市和从属城市以及关键城市和冗余城市,将城市群落空间结构划分为“城市生态金字塔”垂直结构和“缀块、廊道、基底”水平结构。最后,阐述城市个体间的竞争、捕食、寄生和共生等生态行为以及城市群落的自然选择、协同进化和演替等生态功能。

城市群的生态研究方向:城市群落学解析

城市群落是若干城市在共同的生境条件下通过竞争、共生等生态行为所形成,并与环境相互作用的城市群体,是具有协同进化、演替等生态功能的有机体。运用群落生态学的理论、方法对群落中城市种群间的关系、城市群落的结构特征及城市群落演替等方面进行研究,试图探求促进城市群落持续发展的规律。!首先界定城市群落、城市群落学等相关概念,构建城市群落学理论框架;其次对比分析了生物群落与城市群落的特征和生态功能上的相似性和差异性;最后阐述了有关城市群落的种群组成、种间关联、群落结构及群落演替的研究内容,并提出了相应的城市群落研究方法。从生态学角度来看城市问题,借鉴群落生态学的原理和研究方法来认识城市群的发展,是"回归自然"的城市发展观点,有利于促进城市群落功能的发挥,推动城市群落向特定的方向演替。

Microbial Community and Urban Water Quality

Urbanization of China is substantial and growing, and water resources are crucial for both economic and social sustainable development. Unfortunately, the frequency and intensity of water contamination events are increasing at an unprecedented rate and often accompanied by increased pollutant loading due to human activities such as irreversible industrialization and urbanization. The impacts of human pollution are most evident and of greatest concern at the microbial level. The research of the Aquatic Ecohealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has been focusing mainly on aquatic microorganisms in the urban environment, from drinking water and landscape water to waste water. Its projects fall into three categories: biomonitoring and bioassessment, microbial ecology and diversity, ecotoxicology and environmental microbiology. Its scientif ic topics include the aquatic ecological safety and microbial food web.