互联网对小城镇/农村地区男男性接触者HIV/STD的风险分析

目的了解互联网在小城镇/农村地区男男性接触者(MSM)人群的使用情况及探讨其对与HIV/STD相关的风险行为的影响,为新形势下提出可行的MSM干预措施提供科学参考。方法采用半结构化深度访谈的方式进行定性研究及收集MSM使用互联网情况。通过MSM社群小组,按照定性研究的目的抽样方法招集了15名访谈对象。结果访谈的15名MSM中,有9人曾经或正在通过互联网来了解MSM相关信息、寻找性伴,15人均多次发生过"一夜情"的同性性行为;2人为HIV感染者、6人曾患过性病。MSM QQ交流群人数2008年40人、2009年100人、2010年179人。互联网平台在开展MSM人群信息交流、健康知识的获取、同伴教育、艾滋病干预等方面具有一定作用,特别是在资源、信息相对贫乏的小城镇/农村地区,QQ交流群在MSM干预中可以起到良好的信息传递、交流的载体作用。然而,互联网促使MSM人群的互动接触与介入,有促使原来居住在农村地区的MSM更多地流向城镇、大城市的倾向,进而增加了相关利益群体感染性病与艾滋病的风险程度和范围。结论在尊重MSM亚文化的前提下,合理利用互联网络平台进行干预,关注农村地区MSM有向城镇、大城市流动的趋势。

探索小城镇／农村地区MSM人群传统文化、自我认同及HIV相关风险行为

目的探讨小城镇／农村地区男男性接触者（MSM）传统文化、自我认同与史滋病病毒（HIV）相关的风险行为，为开展深层次的干预提供参考。方法采用半结构化深度访谈的方式进行定性研究。通过MSM社群小组，按照定性研究的目的抽样方法招集了15名访谈对象。结果在小城镇／农村地区，传统文化和婚姻观时MSM的自我认同和生存产生强大影响与压力，其性行为具有更多感染HIV的风险性；自我认同差，对参与艾滋病防治工作影响较大；性身份的多元状态，增加了其自身及同性、异性性伴感染性病艾滋病的风险。结论在小城镇／农村地区，MSM人群受传统文化、自我认同差或困惑、HIV相关风险行为多而复杂的影响。建议在MSM社群艾滋病防治中，适当增加应对的措施及了解。

生源特征对大学学业成绩影响之定量研究*

对某研究型大学2006届本科毕业生的定量研究表明:女生的大学学业成绩优于男生,农村学生的大学学业成绩优于城镇学生,高考成绩好的学生大学学业成绩也好;对绝大部分专业而言,性别特征能够有效预测大学学业成绩,部分专业的高考成绩也能有效预测大学学业成绩。

On the Process of Peasant Workers' Transformation to Urban Residents

The unique two-stage "Chinese path" of China’s ru-ral-urban migration, which cannot be fully explained by classical theories of economic development, makes us to give peasant workers’ transformation to urban residents a top priority. On the basis of fully explaining peasant workers’ transformation to urban residents, a method for measuring its process has been advanced and then confirmed with the data of March in 2005 from surveys to peasant workers in Wuhan. Finally, the suggestions of acceler-ating peasant workers’ transformation to urban residents to pro-mote the construction of a harmonious society have been drawn from the analysis.

Significant decrease in prevalence ofHelicobacter pylori in the Czech Republic

AIM:To study possible decrease in prevalence of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection in the Czech Republic within a 10-year period.METHODS:A total of 22 centres entered the study.The catchment areas of these centres covered cities and towns with more than 20 000 inhabitants,smaller towns(≤ 20 000 inhabitants) with surrounding villages and rural areas,and were spread over the whole country,corresponding well to the geographical distribution of the Czech population.A total of 1 837 subjects(aged 5-98 years) took part in the study,randomly selected out of 38 147 people from the general population.H.pylori infection was investigated by means of a 13 C-urea breath test.Breath samples in duplicates were analysed using isotope ratio mass spectrometry.The cut-off point was 3.5.Social and demographic characteristics were based on data from self-completed questionnaires.RESULTS:The overall prevalence of H.pylori infection was 23.5%(430/1826),and 4.8%(20/420) in children aged 15 or less.There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence between males(24.3%;208/857) and females(22.9%,222/969,P = 0.494).H.pylori infection was strongly associated with higher age,among subjects aged 55+ years,prevalence of H.pylori infection was 39.8%(252/633,P < 0.001).The highest prevalence of H.pylori infection was found among persons aged 55-64 years(43.9%,97/221) and 75+ years(37.9%,58/153).Among study subjects aged 15+ years,prevalence of H.pylori infection was significantly increased in those with lowest education(odds risk 3.19,95% CI 1.87-5.47).Compared to never married(14.1%),the prevalence of H.pylori infection was statistically significantly higher among married(35.4%,246/694,P < 0.001),divorced(36.8%,49/133,P < 0.001) and widowed study subjects(40.2%,45/112,P < 0.001),both in minimally and fully adjusted analysis.There was no significant difference in the prevalence of H.pylori infection between married and widowed subjects(35.4%,246/694 vs 40.2%,45/112,P = 0.389).There was little variation in smoking prevalence across categories of smoking and there was no evidence of an increased risk ofH.pylori infection among current or past smokers in our data(odds risk 1.04 with 95% CI 0.78-1.40 for current smokers;odds ratio 0.83 with 95% CI 0.60-1.16 for former smokers).The current prevalence of H.pylori in 2011 was significantly lower compared to the prevalence reported from identical geographical areas in 2001(23.5%vs 41.7%,P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:The overall prevalence of H.pylori infection in the general population has fallen substantially in the Czech Republic over the past 10 years.

Study on the Evaluation of Urbanization Quality and Promotion Measures

Development of the city itself is a major reflection of the quality of urbanization; urbanization promote efficiency is the basic premise of urbanization; fair and coordinated urban-rural relation is the guarantee, and the goal of urbanization. Quality of urbanization contains its process and result, as well as efficiency and fairness. It also covers quality of not only urban and rural area, but also coordinated and interacted relations of them. Follow principles of being typical, systematic and operational, we can build quality evaluation system from the aspect of its develop level, efficiency and rural-and-urban coordination. Finally, we can choose proper measures to make reasonable assessment of urbanization in China, and improve the quality of urbanization by learning from others.

Study on Sustainable Development Mechanism of rural electricity under the new urbanization

The construction of a new socialist countryside is a strategic focus of future economic and social development of our country, including the construction of rural power grids under the new urbanization and development, it has played a crucial role in supporting and promoting. Due to historical reasons, China has not yet formed a sound and sustainable development of rural power system and management system. In order to meet the requirements under the new urbanization of rural construction, we provide a solid foundation for the development of new rural construction, and long-term development of rural electricity has become an urgent need to study the issue. At present, the reform in the field of rural electrification, rural power enterprise management, rural power system and other existing research we have conducted a preliminary study, but overall, the research in this area is still in the exploratory stage, we need a more systematic and in-depth research and discussion.

Breakthrough and New Projects for Reform of Household Registration System

Under the comprehensive deepening reform and promoting new urbanization,China launched a new round of reform of household registration system.Reform has a major breakthrough in five areas:to implement new urbanization strategy of human-centric,to achieve equalization of basic public services gradually,to break up land rights and rural migrants,to provide protection for family migrants,and to increase financial support by governments.But the reform still faces many difficulties,how to determine the conditions settled by city size is difficult to implement effectively,financial transfer payment system reform is facing enormous diffi culties,as well as the size of the urban population is diffi cult to determine etc.

Agricultural Heritage Systems:A Bridge between Urban and Rural Development

In the early 1990 s,China stepped into the stage of rapid urbanization with a flourishing economy and new technological development.Surplus labor from rural areas flooded into cities and became the main force of urban development.However some severe threats to human survival emerged from urbanization,such as overextensive urban development,excessive resource consumption,ecological degradation,food security and safety risks and social crises.It has become an imperative to balance urban and rural development to achieve greater harmony between nature and society.This paper firstly tried to focus on public dietary change,agricultural industry development,institutional guarantee,ecological restoration,as well as cultural tourism in urban and peri-urban agricultural heritage sites.Then,it established a development model,balanced the urbanization and urban-supported agriculture.This paper proposed ＂Agricultural heritage systems＂ as an entry point for balancing the development of urban areas and rural areas.Agricultural heritage systems can inherit local traditional culture,keep the green and organic agriculture cultivation systems,exploit the distinct landscape tourism,and the like for diversified development;In addition,agricultural heritage systems can take full advantage of abundant funds,firm the institutional guarantee and advanced technologies from the nearby urban complex for regurgitation-feeding of rural enterprises.With the help of these strategies,we can achieve the harmony of ＂Ecological Urban＂ and ＂Garden Countryside＂.

Simulating the Impacts of the New-type Urbanization Policy on Rural Settlement Changes:A Case Study in Dingzhou,China

To cope with the difficulties of integrating migrant workers into urban life and inefficient land use caused by conventional urbanization,China has proposed a new type of urbanization policy.This policy may have a significant impact on the spatial patterns of rural settlements in China.Exploring this potential impact is conducive to the proposal of scientific plans for the spatial patterns of rural settlements.Therefore,this paper chooses Dingzhou,one of the pilot cities of this new-type urbanization,as the research area to carry out a simulation study on the impact of the new-type urbanization policy.Dingzhou has invested heavily in the new-type urbanization construction in recent years,but the influence of the policy on rural settlements remains unclear.Based on the theoretical framework of previous studies,this paper set up three scenarios,namely“conventional urbanization”,“new-type urbanization”,and“counter-urbanization”.This paper used FLUS(Future Land Use Simulation)Model and various spatial data to simulate the spatial patterns of rural settlements in Dingzhou in 2030 under the different scenarios.By comparing the different scenarios,the impacts of the new-type urbanization policy on the spatial patterns of rural settlements in Dingzhou were evaluated.The results indicated that:(1)From 2000 to 2015,the area of rural settlements in Dingzhou increased by 11.12%.Spatially,the density of rural settlements around the cities and towns increased,and rural settlement areas were mainly converted from cultivated land.Rural settlements were mainly transformed into urban land and cultivated land.(2)The overall simulation accuracy of FLUS was 0.89,so it can be well applied to the simulation of rural settlements.(3)In all three scenarios,rural settlements expanded along their edges,and the closer they were to towns,the more obvious the expansion was.In the counter-urbanization scenario,the change of rural settlements was most dramatic.(4)The new-type urbanization policy makes the spatial patterns of rural settlements in Dingzhou more stable and more intensive.