县域教师交流政策的场域脱嵌与优化路径——基于全国13省50县的政策文本计量分析

"十四五"时期,我国将步入建设高质量教育体系的发展阶段。教师交流作为均衡师资的关键举措,是提升义务教育质量,实现城乡一体化发展的重要途径。教师交流政策的执行效果,受文本内容与实施场域契合关系的影响。对13省50县的教师交流政策文本与县域政策实施情境对比分析发现,政策文本与现实场域存在脱嵌现象,具体表现为宏观目标规划未能切合资源供给水平,流动规则制定难以指导教师有效流动,激励机制设计无法满足教师激励需求。为此,应基于"做得到""流得动""效果好"的目标,设定适合本土资源供给能力的交流目标,设置符合交流主体供需诉求的流动规则,完善兼具差序保障与奖惩功能的激励体系。

补偿、可见与反向脱域:三重时间中的乡村元宇宙——基于乡村短视频的思考

本文以乡村短视频为研究对象,在安东尼·吉登斯(Anthony Giddens)的“个体-日常生活-制度”三重时间维度之上提出“身体-场景-制度”三重时间维度,由此构成分析乡村元宇宙的总体框架。研究认为,乡村元宇宙是一个补偿“数字乡民”身份与“局内人”角色的过程,是一个可见的乡村日常生活空间,是一个反向脱域的乡村社会。笔者希望本研究能够增进人们对乡村元宇宙的理解,提升数字乡村社会的治理能力。

新陌生人社会的自我呈现与社交逻辑

社交媒体给社会个体带来了全新的社交体验。在二次脱域中,匿名化的社交场域重构了陌生人社会的内涵和边界,形成了稠密型的新陌生人社会。原子化的个体在幻化的匿名社交过程中摆脱了先赋身份和自致身份的桎梏,以自定义身份为角色互动的前提,建构了一个去习俗型信任和去契约型信任的社交空间。中国本土化的"关系"型社交逻辑也在这一场域失范,在赋权的同时出现了异化。治理这种异化的路径,应该是在承认匿名化社交逻辑的前提下,适度回归到契约型信任。

推想与反馈的高度契合——深度释义吉登斯的现代国度

本文就英国著名社会理论家和社会学家安东尼·吉登斯所著《现代性的后果》的核心内容作了深度释义,并对其进行脉络化分析,将现代性问题拆解为单个重点,并加以整合形成一个宏大且明细的架构,以便细致深入了解作者的视角。

超大城市社区技术治理的反思与优化

运用大数据、物联网、人工智能等新兴技术提升超大城市社区治理效能是技术治理的新模式,它具有促进超大城市社区治理主体拓展、治理结构优化、治理效能提升、治理韧性增强等价值逻辑,亦存在技术治理的效率悖论、权力失范、绩效内卷和实践脱域等风险挑战。应从打造社区技术治理共同体、完善技术治理的法律制度、强化技术专家的多元规制、完善信息企业的监管机制等方面,优化超大城市社区技术治理的实践路径。

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal from Agricultural Wastewater Using Constructed Rhizofiltration in Durban, South Africa

Constructed rhizofiltration is a relatively new technology and has potential in agricultural wastewater treatment. It has been reported to reduce heavy metals in wastewater but no substantive work has been reported about its ability to remove nitrogen and phosphorus, particularly in agricultural wastewater. If this technology＇s worth in nutrient removal from wastewater can be proved, it can save time as well as reducing wastewater treatment cost. Influent and effluent nitrogen and phosphate concentrations in the constructed rhizofiltration were measured and it was found that there was a significant difference between the two water samples （P = 0.01）. It was also found that more nitrogen and phosphate were retained by planted region （P = 0.01） compared to unplanted （P = 0.02）, demonstrating high removal efficiency in the planted region than in the unplanted region. Eighty six percent （86%） removal efficiency of phosphorus was achieved at some points in the planted region while 71% was achieved for nitrogen. These results indicate that constructed rhizofiltration systems, if properly constructed and planted with macrophytes and maintained, can be used for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in wastewater and thus could be used as an alternative technology for agricultural wastewater treatment.

Biodiversity of Free-Living Marine Nematodes in the Southern Yellow Sea,China

Biodiversity pattems of free-living marine nematodes were studied using specific, taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity measures in the southern Yellow Sea, China. The results showed that the average of Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H＇） in the study area was 3.17. The higher values were distributed in the east part of Shandong coastal waters and north part of Jiangsu coastal waters, while the lower values were distributed in the southern Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass （YSCWM）. The average of taxonomic diversity （A） was 62.09 in the study region. The higher values were distributed in the transitional areas between the coastal areas and the southem YSCWM, while the lower values were distributed near the north part of Jiangsu coastal waters and the YSCWM. Results of correlation analysis of species diversity and taxonomic diversity showed that some of the two kinds of diversity index were inde- pendent, which suggested that combining the two kinds of diversity indices can reflect the ecological characteristics better. A test for 95% probability funnels of average taxonomic distinctness and variation in taxonomic distinctness suggested that Station 8794 （in the YSCWM） was outside of the 95% probability funnels, which may be due to the environmental stress. Results of correlation analysis between marine nematodes biodiversity and environmental variables showed that the sediment characteristics （Mdo and Silt-clay fraction） and phaeophorbide a （Pha-a） were the most important factors to determine the biodiversity patterns of marine nematodes.

DNA-associated click chemistry

This review highlights the most recent advances in click chemistry associated with DNA.Cu[I]-catalyzed azides-alkynes Huisgen cycloadditions(CuAAC)and a strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition(SPAAC)are two popular click reactions that have great impact in DNA science.The simplicity,versatility,orthogonality,and high efficiency of click reaction along with a stable triazole product have been instrumental for the successful application of this reaction in the field of nucleic acid chemistry.CuAAC and SPAAC reactions have been widely used for DNA modification,including DNA labeling,metallization,conjugation,cross-linking,and ligation.Modified oligodeoxynucleotides obtained from click reaction have been extensively applied in the fields of drug discovery,nanotechnology,bio-conjugation,and material sciences,among others.The most recent advances in the synthesis and applications of clickable DNAs are discussed in detail in this article.

Evolution of kaolinite subgroup minerals and mixed-layer illite/smectite in the Paleogene Damintun Depression in Liaohe Basin of China and its implication for paleotemperature

The oil-rich Damintun Depression is located in the Liaohe Basin, Northeast China, and was formed during the Paleogene. The major oil-producing strata in the depression are mudstone and shale. To explore the burial diagenetic history of the basin and the formation thresholds of hydrocarbons, the characters of the kaolinite subgroup minerals and mixed-layer illite/smectite in the mudstone and the shale are studied by using X-ray diffraction, electron probe, scanning electron microscope, and Fourier infrared spectrum. The kaolinite subgroup consists of kaolinite and halloysite. The kaolinite is flake-like or vermiform-like. The halloysite is in long tubular shape and its length is related to its iron content. A longer tube has lower iron content. The crystallinity of kaolinite is 0.40 ~20, and its degree of order increases from 0.03 to 1.17 with the burial depth. Kaolinite is in disorder when the buried depth is less than or equal to 2479 m, and it is partially ordered when the buried depth is greater than 2479 m. Kaolinite is supposed to turn into dickite when the depth is greater than 2550 m, but low penetrability and low poros- ity of the shale and mudstone prevent such a change. The mixed-layer illite/smectite changes from disorder to order continually as the buried depth increases. Its disorder （RoI/S）, as defined by illite layer content （I%）, is smaller than 50% at depths less than 2550.25 m. Based on Hoffman ＆ Hower＇s model, the paleo-geothermal gradients of 3.37-3.76℃/100 m （3.57℃/100 m on average） can be derived in the Paleocene Damintun Depression, which is significantly higher than the present geothermal gradient （2.9℃00 m）. The threshold depth of the oil formation in the depression is about 2550 m.

虚化与再嵌入:数字时代新闻中的“空间”重建

数字时代,市场化和技术发展让足不出户做新闻、足不出户看新闻成为新常态。新闻事件发生的“空间”与媒体、受众所处的“地点”分离开,呈现出吉登斯所谓“空间虚化”的状态。脱域的新闻报道实现了“空间的再嵌入”,这种“再嵌入”具体表现为远程报道常规和非本地新闻的兴起。远程报道的方式把地方与熟悉性分割开来,媒体对事实的掌控度降低,导致新闻的不确定性增加。非本地新闻让受众知晓几千里外发生事件的“可见外表”,但对所处地的新变动却感到陌生。过度追逐和倚重二者会导致媒体陷入过分追求经济效益的争议,损害媒体公共性和公信力。因此媒体需要重新审视生产常规和内容选择,重申“在场”的价值,并扎根、关注本地,重建新闻的在地性,实现新闻中的空间与地方的再粘合。