Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is becoming a popular procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of superficial mucosal lesions,and has the advantage of en bloc resection which yields a higher complete resection ...Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is becoming a popular procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of superficial mucosal lesions,and has the advantage of en bloc resection which yields a higher complete resection and remission rate compared to endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR).However,the learning process of this advanced endoscopic procedure requires a lengthy training period and considerable experience to be proficient.A well framed training protocol which is safe,effective,easily reproducible and cost-effective is desirable to teach ESD.In addition,the training course may need to be tailored around settings such as ethnicity,culture,workload,and disease incidence.In Asian countries with a large volume of early gastric lesions which need endoscopic treatment,endoscopists would be able to learn ESD expanding their skills from EMR to ESD under the supervision of experts.Whereas,in Western countries due to the low incidence of superficial gastric tumors,trials have utilized simulator models to improve learning.In Korea,the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy(KSGE) is playing an important role in training many gastroenterologists who have shown an interest in performing ESD by providing an annual live demonstration and a nationwide tutoring program.The purpose of this article is to introduce our ESD tutoring experience,review the published papers related to this topic,and propose several suggestions for future directions in teaching and learning ESD.展开更多
The full review of The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watch keeping for Seafarers （the STCW Convention） has been accomplished by International Maritime Organization （IMO） and ...The full review of The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watch keeping for Seafarers （the STCW Convention） has been accomplished by International Maritime Organization （IMO） and the new amendment, which is also named as Manila amendment, has been effective since 2012, with a transitional period of 2012-2017. Based on the system engineering context consisting of ＂Human, Machine and Environment＂, human factors at sea, i.e., those factors relevant to the seafarers, are consistently underlined. STCW convention is the unique but systematic international maritime legislation looking after the ＂professional competency standards＂ of seafarers. The amendment thereto is of great significance for the Maritime Education and Training （MET） systems, which should be fully understood so as to respond to it effectively. The paper analyzes major impacts brought by the amendment, with purposes to raise recommendations for MET systems to implement the amendment effectively.展开更多
We investigated the distribution of four enzymes involved in the immune response of Apostichopus japonicus. We collected samples of the tentacles, papillate podium, integument, respiratory tree, and digestive tract an...We investigated the distribution of four enzymes involved in the immune response of Apostichopus japonicus. We collected samples of the tentacles, papillate podium, integument, respiratory tree, and digestive tract and stained them for acid phosphatase （ACP）, alkaline phosphatase （AKP）, non-specific esterase （NSE） and peroxidase （POD） activity. The distribution and content of ACE AKP, NSE, and POD differed among the tissues. The coelomic epithelium of the tentacle, papillate podium, and integument and the mucous layer of respiratory tree were positive for ACP activity. The coelomic epithelium and cuticular layer of the tentacle, papillate podium, and integument and the mucous layer and tunica externa of the respiratory tree and digestive tract stained positive or weakly positive for AKP activity. Almost all the epithelial tissues stained positive, strongly positive, or very strongly positive for NSE activity. The cuticular layer of the tentacle and integument and the mucous layer, tunica submucosa, and tunica externa of the respiratory tree and digestive tract stained positive for POD activity. We hypothesize that these enzymes play a role in the immune response in A. japonicus.展开更多
Water quality was investigated in shrimp culture areas in Cau Ngang, Tra Vinh where three culture systems were found in the same area to assess the impact of intensification of shrimp culture on the surrounding enviro...Water quality was investigated in shrimp culture areas in Cau Ngang, Tra Vinh where three culture systems were found in the same area to assess the impact of intensification of shrimp culture on the surrounding environment. Three culture systems were selected including intensive, semi-intensive and rice-shrimp alternated culture for the study. Monthly assessment of physical and chemical parameters of water and biotic parameters were done for a period of one year from March, 2009 to February, 2010 in the canals surrounding the culture systems. The physical chemical parameters of water recorded include temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total suspended solids （TSS）, total ammonium （TAN）, nitrite （N-NO2）, nitrate （N-NO3） and total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP） in both water and sediment. Zooplankton and zoobenthos were determined quantitatively and qualitatively using zooplankton nets and Petersen grabs, respectively. The results indicated that most of water parameters were not significantly different between culture systems and were in suitable ranges for aquatic life within the national standard criteria except DO, TSS and TP at some periods. DO concentration in rice-shrimp system was significantly lower than that in other systems. TSS and TP concentrations both in water and sediment were high exceeding the limit ranges （〉 100 mg/L）. The occurrence of some zooplankton and zoobenthos species indicated that all systems were polluted at 13 level （mesosaprobic） in which the rice-shrimp alternated culture system subjected to more environmental fluctuation not only by shrimp culture but also rice cultivation and salinity variation between dry and rainy seasons.展开更多
Human trafficking, involving mostly women and children, is closely related to the tourism businesses, because traffickers use often through their complicity, which including various companies： airports, trains, hotel...Human trafficking, involving mostly women and children, is closely related to the tourism businesses, because traffickers use often through their complicity, which including various companies： airports, trains, hotels, etc.. This work1 aims to analyze the effectiveness of training as a tool for monitoring and preventing this crime. After data and information collecting on the issue of human trafficking and links with the tourism industry, we analyzed the main training toolkits provided by organizations which deal with the prevention and monitoring of this phenomenon, two questionnaires were built and sent： the first questionnaire was sent to 136 organizations that are training for the staff of tourism companies; it aims to detect the educational needs that the organizations want to satisfy, the educational target, teaching techniques, and the results obtained with the training; the second questionnaire was sent to 495 companies who participating in the courses, explores the motivations, the educational objectives, and results related to the training received. Through this work, the authors only present the first results obtained during the first phase, involving the point of view of seven organizations offering training courses. The answers provided by the companies show that the learning targets have been fully achieved, in particular with regard to raising awareness on the issue. Still, some gaps with regard to the support that the training may offer in the development of new attitudes and skills to prevent and monitor the phenomenon. The course contents and teaching techniques used appear to be consistent with the objectives. All of the organizations interviewed carried out the evaluation of the course learning demonstrate how companies training participants are satisfied with the results, especially in terms of knowledge and skills to contribute to the prevention of an increasing phenomenon, while less significant are the advantages about the decrease of concrete human trafficking situations.展开更多
New employee training is process that a hired employees who is an outsider translate into insider of the enterprise, the on-the-job training for new stafftraining have to cultivate the sense of belonging and loyalty i...New employee training is process that a hired employees who is an outsider translate into insider of the enterprise, the on-the-job training for new stafftraining have to cultivate the sense of belonging and loyalty in the leading position. Entering the new environment, they will face a lot of＂new＂, new employee orientation is of a kind of effective means to help them to adapt to the working environment faster. Main content of this article is based on the understanding of the Coca-Cola company human resources management present situation, and then to understand the Coca-Cola company how to make a careful analysis of the new staff training, studying the Coca-Cola company for new employees training process and training effect, and finding the problems of small and medium-sized enterprise, then putting forward reasonable suggestions.展开更多
Today, a new industry is born in the era of numerous industries rapidly developing. It represents environmental, none-pollution and clean. This is the new energy industry. Its birth is iconic. In a world where resourc...Today, a new industry is born in the era of numerous industries rapidly developing. It represents environmental, none-pollution and clean. This is the new energy industry. Its birth is iconic. In a world where resources are increasingly strained, exploitation and utilization of non-renewable resources cannot meet the demand for per capita and traditional energy consumption of resources with environmental pollution worsening. In the global environment today it is not sufficient. People have to develop new sources of energy to replace the past non-renewable energy. The new energies include： wind, solar, nuclear, geothermal energy, tidal energy and bio-energy.展开更多
2004年我国 GDP 增长9.1%,人均突破1000美元。西部某省,每年耗资400多万人民币外派干部出国出境培训。据不完全统计,至2001年1月18日,有4000多名贪污贿赂犯罪嫌疑人携公款50多亿元在逃。1988年汉城奥运会,体育总局事业费每年10亿元,4年4...2004年我国 GDP 增长9.1%,人均突破1000美元。西部某省,每年耗资400多万人民币外派干部出国出境培训。据不完全统计,至2001年1月18日,有4000多名贪污贿赂犯罪嫌疑人携公款50多亿元在逃。1988年汉城奥运会,体育总局事业费每年10亿元,4年40亿的投入获得5块金牌,每块折合8亿;1992年巴塞罗那奥运会获金牌16块,当时的体育经费为每年30亿元,合7.5亿1块金牌;目前体育总局每年的事业费是50亿元,备战奥运需4年,悉尼奥运会得28块金牌,每块金牌耗资在7亿以上。2004年某武术节开幕,所邀请明星税后出场费共计379万元,个人最高出场费80万元。2004年武汉一栋别墅卖出3500万元天价。南方某省2003年国家扶贫开发工作重点县农民人均工资性收入为472.63元,比2002年增加51.43元,增长12.2%。到2004年6月底,国有企业下岗人员是370万人,城镇登记失业人数近800万。展开更多
文摘Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is becoming a popular procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of superficial mucosal lesions,and has the advantage of en bloc resection which yields a higher complete resection and remission rate compared to endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR).However,the learning process of this advanced endoscopic procedure requires a lengthy training period and considerable experience to be proficient.A well framed training protocol which is safe,effective,easily reproducible and cost-effective is desirable to teach ESD.In addition,the training course may need to be tailored around settings such as ethnicity,culture,workload,and disease incidence.In Asian countries with a large volume of early gastric lesions which need endoscopic treatment,endoscopists would be able to learn ESD expanding their skills from EMR to ESD under the supervision of experts.Whereas,in Western countries due to the low incidence of superficial gastric tumors,trials have utilized simulator models to improve learning.In Korea,the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy(KSGE) is playing an important role in training many gastroenterologists who have shown an interest in performing ESD by providing an annual live demonstration and a nationwide tutoring program.The purpose of this article is to introduce our ESD tutoring experience,review the published papers related to this topic,and propose several suggestions for future directions in teaching and learning ESD.
文摘The full review of The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watch keeping for Seafarers （the STCW Convention） has been accomplished by International Maritime Organization （IMO） and the new amendment, which is also named as Manila amendment, has been effective since 2012, with a transitional period of 2012-2017. Based on the system engineering context consisting of ＂Human, Machine and Environment＂, human factors at sea, i.e., those factors relevant to the seafarers, are consistently underlined. STCW convention is the unique but systematic international maritime legislation looking after the ＂professional competency standards＂ of seafarers. The amendment thereto is of great significance for the Maritime Education and Training （MET） systems, which should be fully understood so as to respond to it effectively. The paper analyzes major impacts brought by the amendment, with purposes to raise recommendations for MET systems to implement the amendment effectively.
基金Supported by the Special Financed Project from the Basic Public Scientific Research Expenses of Central Scientific Institutes (No GY02-2007B03)
文摘We investigated the distribution of four enzymes involved in the immune response of Apostichopus japonicus. We collected samples of the tentacles, papillate podium, integument, respiratory tree, and digestive tract and stained them for acid phosphatase （ACP）, alkaline phosphatase （AKP）, non-specific esterase （NSE） and peroxidase （POD） activity. The distribution and content of ACE AKP, NSE, and POD differed among the tissues. The coelomic epithelium of the tentacle, papillate podium, and integument and the mucous layer of respiratory tree were positive for ACP activity. The coelomic epithelium and cuticular layer of the tentacle, papillate podium, and integument and the mucous layer and tunica externa of the respiratory tree and digestive tract stained positive or weakly positive for AKP activity. Almost all the epithelial tissues stained positive, strongly positive, or very strongly positive for NSE activity. The cuticular layer of the tentacle and integument and the mucous layer, tunica submucosa, and tunica externa of the respiratory tree and digestive tract stained positive for POD activity. We hypothesize that these enzymes play a role in the immune response in A. japonicus.
文摘Water quality was investigated in shrimp culture areas in Cau Ngang, Tra Vinh where three culture systems were found in the same area to assess the impact of intensification of shrimp culture on the surrounding environment. Three culture systems were selected including intensive, semi-intensive and rice-shrimp alternated culture for the study. Monthly assessment of physical and chemical parameters of water and biotic parameters were done for a period of one year from March, 2009 to February, 2010 in the canals surrounding the culture systems. The physical chemical parameters of water recorded include temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total suspended solids （TSS）, total ammonium （TAN）, nitrite （N-NO2）, nitrate （N-NO3） and total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP） in both water and sediment. Zooplankton and zoobenthos were determined quantitatively and qualitatively using zooplankton nets and Petersen grabs, respectively. The results indicated that most of water parameters were not significantly different between culture systems and were in suitable ranges for aquatic life within the national standard criteria except DO, TSS and TP at some periods. DO concentration in rice-shrimp system was significantly lower than that in other systems. TSS and TP concentrations both in water and sediment were high exceeding the limit ranges （〉 100 mg/L）. The occurrence of some zooplankton and zoobenthos species indicated that all systems were polluted at 13 level （mesosaprobic） in which the rice-shrimp alternated culture system subjected to more environmental fluctuation not only by shrimp culture but also rice cultivation and salinity variation between dry and rainy seasons.
文摘Human trafficking, involving mostly women and children, is closely related to the tourism businesses, because traffickers use often through their complicity, which including various companies： airports, trains, hotels, etc.. This work1 aims to analyze the effectiveness of training as a tool for monitoring and preventing this crime. After data and information collecting on the issue of human trafficking and links with the tourism industry, we analyzed the main training toolkits provided by organizations which deal with the prevention and monitoring of this phenomenon, two questionnaires were built and sent： the first questionnaire was sent to 136 organizations that are training for the staff of tourism companies; it aims to detect the educational needs that the organizations want to satisfy, the educational target, teaching techniques, and the results obtained with the training; the second questionnaire was sent to 495 companies who participating in the courses, explores the motivations, the educational objectives, and results related to the training received. Through this work, the authors only present the first results obtained during the first phase, involving the point of view of seven organizations offering training courses. The answers provided by the companies show that the learning targets have been fully achieved, in particular with regard to raising awareness on the issue. Still, some gaps with regard to the support that the training may offer in the development of new attitudes and skills to prevent and monitor the phenomenon. The course contents and teaching techniques used appear to be consistent with the objectives. All of the organizations interviewed carried out the evaluation of the course learning demonstrate how companies training participants are satisfied with the results, especially in terms of knowledge and skills to contribute to the prevention of an increasing phenomenon, while less significant are the advantages about the decrease of concrete human trafficking situations.
文摘New employee training is process that a hired employees who is an outsider translate into insider of the enterprise, the on-the-job training for new stafftraining have to cultivate the sense of belonging and loyalty in the leading position. Entering the new environment, they will face a lot of＂new＂, new employee orientation is of a kind of effective means to help them to adapt to the working environment faster. Main content of this article is based on the understanding of the Coca-Cola company human resources management present situation, and then to understand the Coca-Cola company how to make a careful analysis of the new staff training, studying the Coca-Cola company for new employees training process and training effect, and finding the problems of small and medium-sized enterprise, then putting forward reasonable suggestions.
文摘Today, a new industry is born in the era of numerous industries rapidly developing. It represents environmental, none-pollution and clean. This is the new energy industry. Its birth is iconic. In a world where resources are increasingly strained, exploitation and utilization of non-renewable resources cannot meet the demand for per capita and traditional energy consumption of resources with environmental pollution worsening. In the global environment today it is not sufficient. People have to develop new sources of energy to replace the past non-renewable energy. The new energies include： wind, solar, nuclear, geothermal energy, tidal energy and bio-energy.
文摘2004年我国 GDP 增长9.1%,人均突破1000美元。西部某省,每年耗资400多万人民币外派干部出国出境培训。据不完全统计,至2001年1月18日,有4000多名贪污贿赂犯罪嫌疑人携公款50多亿元在逃。1988年汉城奥运会,体育总局事业费每年10亿元,4年40亿的投入获得5块金牌,每块折合8亿;1992年巴塞罗那奥运会获金牌16块,当时的体育经费为每年30亿元,合7.5亿1块金牌;目前体育总局每年的事业费是50亿元,备战奥运需4年,悉尼奥运会得28块金牌,每块金牌耗资在7亿以上。2004年某武术节开幕,所邀请明星税后出场费共计379万元,个人最高出场费80万元。2004年武汉一栋别墅卖出3500万元天价。南方某省2003年国家扶贫开发工作重点县农民人均工资性收入为472.63元,比2002年增加51.43元,增长12.2%。到2004年6月底,国有企业下岗人员是370万人,城镇登记失业人数近800万。
