基于显著性特征的蝴蝶兰组培苗夹取点检测方法

为了提高蝴蝶兰自动化快速繁育过程中组培苗夹取点视觉检测的适应性和效率,该研究提出了一种基于改进U2-Net显著性检测网络(MBU2-Net+)的组培苗夹取点定位方法。首先,通过显著性检测网络得到蝴蝶兰组培苗的显著性图像;然后,对显著性图像进行骨架提取,并经过形态学分析计算定位组培苗夹取点;最后,将夹取点位置数据发送给机械臂进行夹取。在图像显著性检测试验中,MBU2-Net+的平均绝对误差为0.002,最大F1分数为0.993,FPS(frames per second,每秒帧率)为33.99帧/s,模型权重大小为2.37 MB;在组培苗夹取试验中,4组共112颗苗的夹取点提取成功率为85.71%。为验证该研究的适应性,将其应用于各阶段组培苗以及部分虚拟两叶苗共11株种苗的夹取点提取,成功率为81.82%,使用该方法对不同时期的蝴蝶兰组培苗进行夹取点检测,具有较高的成功率。研究结果可为发展组培苗自动化快速繁育技术提供参考。

蝴蝶兰组培苗移植技术研究

对蝴蝶兰组培苗的移植技术进行研究,结果表明:室内炼苗4d+室外炼苗4d这种炼苗方式,能使幼苗成活率达94.0%;用水苔、椰丝作为移栽基质,幼苗成活率分别达到98%、96%,而且幼苗长势良好;对出瓶后的幼苗以及基质水苔进行消毒,都能极显著提高幼苗的成活率。

LED光质对碧玉兰×独占春组培苗生理生化影响

以碧玉兰♀×独占春♂组培苗为试材,研究了LED光源(以荧光灯作为对照)不同光质配比组合对兰花组培苗生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:红蓝绿光质(RBG)培养下的植株,形态指标综合系数较高。红蓝白光质(RBW)促进植株叶绿素a、b和胡萝卜素含量增加;蓝光(B)处理下的植株可溶性糖含量显著增加;白光(W1)和红蓝光质(1RB)培养的植株可溶性蛋白质含量较高。红光(R)处理的植株MDA含量最高;红蓝绿光质(RBG)培养的植株SOD活性最高;白色荧光灯(W2)处理下的植株POD活性最高;红蓝白光质(RBW)处理的植株CAT活性最高。研究表明,红蓝绿组合光质(RBG)培养的碧玉兰♀×独占春♂组培苗各项形态指标综合系数较高;LED复合光质促进兰花叶绿素a、b和胡萝卜素的合成;蓝光(B)有利于兰花可溶性糖的积累;1RB、W1光质能促进兰花蛋白质的合成;红光提高了兰花SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性,有效地清除细胞中的超氧自由基,缓解对细胞质的伤害。

国内蝴蝶兰组培研究存在的问题与分析

蝴蝶兰组培快繁技术还需要优化。本文总结了蝴蝶兰组培国内研究存在的主要问题：未能解决蝴蝶兰组培中的关键技术,未能建立完善的蝴蝶兰组培植株再生技术体系,没有选育蝴蝶兰新品种或新材料,基因导入技术研究不够深入。结合自己的科研工作实际对存在的一些问题进行了分析。

美罗培南对治疗开颅术后颅内感染的疗效分析

目的:分析美罗培南与脑脊液置换联用治疗开颅术后颅内感染的临床疗效。方法:采用回顾性分析法分析美罗培南与脑脊液置换联用治疗的56例颅内感染患者的病历资料,评价所有患者的治疗情况。结果:56例患者中,其中54例患者均治愈出院,仅1例患者在治疗期间出现视力下降,经对症治疗,1年后恢复正常;另2例患者伴有多器官功能衰竭病亡,其治愈率为96.43%。结论:美罗培兰与脑脊液置换联用治疗颅内感染,疗效较为显著,不良反应发生率低。

CarO蛋白与鲍曼不动杆菌耐环丙沙星的相关性研究

目的研究CarO蛋白与鲍曼不动杆菌耐环丙沙星的相关性。方法收集长沙地区四家医院的鲍曼不动杆菌56株进行药敏实验、对临床敏感株进行环丙沙星体外诱导耐药实验、PCR扩增CarO基因并测序、实时荧光定量PCR比较临床敏感株和耐药株的CarO基因表达情况。结果所收集的临床鲍曼不动杆菌对环丙沙星的耐药率达85.7%,临床敏感株被诱导成耐环丙沙星菌株后,其CarO基因序列发生了改变,且CarO基因表达量明显降低。结论 CarO蛋白表达下降与鲍曼不动杆菌耐环丙沙星有一定的相关性。

碳青霉烯类治疗儿童白血病粒细胞缺乏感染临床疗效探讨

目的探讨碳青霉烯类治疗儿童白血病粒细胞缺乏感染的临床效果。方法选取2011年11月—2013年11月在该院接受儿童白血病粒细胞缺乏感染治疗的患儿70例随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组患儿给予美罗培兰治疗,对照组患儿给予亚胺培南治疗。结果观察组治疗有效率为97.1%,对照组共治疗有效率为88.6%,观察组治疗效果要明显好于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。此外观察组仅有1例患儿发生了不良反应,不良反应的发生率为2.9%;对照组有4例患儿发生了不良反应,不良反应的发生率为11.4%,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论碳青霉烯类药物具有很好的效果,其中美罗培兰效果明显且安全性强,在治疗儿童白血病粒细胞缺乏感染患儿的时候具有显著的效果。

Effects of Six Kinds of Fungal Elicitors on Growth of Dendrobium hybrida cultivar ‘088' Tissue Culture Seedlings

To optimize the technique of rapid propagation of Dendrobium hybrida seedlings and to explore a hormone-free tissue culture method for D.hybrida,six kinds of mycorrhizal fungi which were isolated from the wild orchids were made into fungal elicitors.These fungal elicitors were added into the DE medium with concentrations of 40,60 and 80 ml/L,respectively.After a 90-d culturing,the effects of fungal elicitors on the growth of D.hybrida cultivar ‘088＇ tissue culture seedlings were studied.The results showed that treatment 13（T13） extremely significantly increased the fresh weight,but other treatment groups had no significant effects.In addition,T1,T5,T9,T11 and T13 extremely significantly influenced the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a ＋ b.However,T1 and T11 had extremely significantly effect on the content of chlorophyll b.Combining the effects on fresh weight and chlorophyll content,it could be concluded T13（40 ml/L of Y05） has promoting effects on the growth of D.hybrida tissue culture seedlings.

Sterile Germination of the Hybrid Seeds of [Den. Burana Green Star × Den. Rainbow-compactum] and Rapid Propagation of F_1 Plantlets via Tissue Culture

[Objective] This study was to germinate the hybrid seeds of [Den.Burana Green Star × Den.Rainbow-compactum] under aseptic condition and to explore the parameters for rapid propagation of F1 plantlets via tissue culture.[Method]Hybridization between Den.Burana Green Star（female parent）and Den.Rainbow-compactum（male parent）was performed and the in vitro culture and proliferation of F1 hybrids were studied using eight different basic media including MS,1/2MS,1/3MS,1/4MS,B5,N6,modified Knudson and H.[Result]Improved Knudson medium appended with 1.0 mg/L 6-BA,1.0 mg/L NAA and 10% mature banana puree performed best in F1 seed germination under aseptic condition,as well as the rapid propagation of protocorm-like body.Of all the eight media tested,1/2MS is the medium most suitable for the in vitro rapid propagation of the F1 seedlings.Efficiency of eight media in the in vitro rapid propagation was in order 1/2 MS MS1/3 MS1/4 MS ≈N6 improved Knudson ≈B5H.NAA presented better rooting and growth-promoting effect in the in vitro rapid propagation of the F1 seedlings than IBA.And the optimal NAA concentration to recommend from our experiment results was 2.0 mg/L.[Conclusion]Our experimental results provided mature method and important technological information for hybrid breeding dendrobium.

Characteristics of Pollen Germination and Storage of Zygocactus truncates

The research, based on pol ens of Zygocactus truncates during ful-bloom period, selected suitable culture medium and temperature for pol en germination and explored the effects of storage temperatures and pol en col ection methods on pol en vitality of Zygocactus truncates and the results showed that the culture medium containing 200 g/L saccharose, 20 mg/L boric acid, and 20 mg/L calcium chloride is suitable for pol en germination of Zygocactus truncates; when the temperature kept below 20 ℃, pol en germination period last short, and germination rate kept higher;pol en germination performed better with filaments, and pol en tube grew wel .

A Study on the Application of Agricultural Residue in Cultivation Substrate of Orchid

Five different substrates were prepared using oyster mushroom residue,rice straw,peat soil,pine bark,volcanic rock and perlite.Orchids(variety Chunjian)were cultivated on these five substrates with substrate being made from aseptic residue and straw as the control.The changes of physical and chemical properties of substrates and the growth of orchids were observed after three months.The results showed that the physical and chemical characters of the treatments and the control each had its own advantage,and there were no significant differences in the cultivation effects of all treatments.Therefore,the mushroom residue and decomposed rice straw are good substitutes for peat soil as soilless culture substrate in orchid cultivation.This research provides a scientific basis for the transformation of agricultural wastes into useful materials and can greatly stimulate the development of related industries.

Study on Flowering, Cultivation, and Reproduction of Agave americana Var. Marginata Hort. (Agavaceae)

Agave americana Var. Marginata Hort. （Agavaceae） is a perennial herb. This paper summarized its classification, distribution, morphological characteristics, habit, flowering and fruiting, cultivation and reproduction, as well as multiple uses in daily life, which provided references for the exploitation and utilization of Agave americana Vat. Marginata Hort. （Agavaceae）.

Efficient Disinfection of Explants in the Tissue Culture of Chinese Orchids

Explants,namely the seeds (Cymbidium faberi) and buds (Cymbidium goeringii) of local Hunan orchids were disinfected with 75% ethanol, 0.1% mercuric chloride,and 10% sodium hypochlorite in six different disinfection treatments. Results showed that The treatment with 75% ethanol (contact time: 45 s) and 0.1% mercuric chloride (contact time: 8 min) proved to be the most effective one in disinfecting the explants of Cymbidium faberi seeds.The combination of 75% ethanol (contact time: 45 s) and 0.1% mercuric chloride (contact time: 5 min) provided the optimal disinfection effects when disinfecting Cymbidium goeringii buds.In general, the disinfection effect of mercuric chloride was found to be superior to that of sodium hypochlorite,but care should be taken with the disinfection time to avoid damage to the explants.

Composition of Gentamicin C Components in Gentamicin Sulphate Generics Commonly Used in Small Animal Practice in Nigeria

Gentamicin is one of the commonly used antibiotics in small animal practice in Nigeria. Fake and substandard drugs are responsible for high cost in both economic terms and lives lost. For decades, Nigeria has been flooded by counterfeit and poor-quality medicines. Because of the variations in gentamicin C components in different formulations and the effect of this on its efficacy and toxicity, this study was designed to evaluate the percentage of each of the major components of gentamicin C in some injectable gentamicin sulphate generics commonly used in small animal practice in Nigeria. Of the 22 multisource generics of injectable gentamicin sulphate samples analyzed for percentage content of gentamicin C major components using USP HPLC （United States Pharmacopoeia high performance liquid chromatography） method, 95.5% （21 ） met the USP specification. This suggests that there is a significant improvement in the monitoring of quality of drugs marketed in Nigeria, including gentamicin sulphate. Nevertheless, considering the propensity of the manufacturers adjusting their manufacturing processes following product＇s registration by the regulatory body, there is still the need for regular surveillance of drug products by batches to ensure their efficacy and safety.

Effectiveness of Disinfection of Anesthetics Tubes in Oral Surgery -An in Vitro Study

Context： Anesthetic tubes are always on the surgical table, for this reason, it＇s necessary to perform its disinfection, generally by chemicals. Aim： Was to analyze the effectiveness of tubes decontamination made by disinfectant substances used in a clinical setting and to identify the microorganisms found on their surface. Materials and Methods： 14 anesthetic tubes were collected from dental clinic, on 5 groups. 01 plastic and 01 glass tubes that were not submitted to any disinfection process composed the control group and they had been sown in Agar Blood. Experimental groups underwent immersion and fixation with the proposed chemicals for 1 minute, laminar flow hood was used to seed it in Agar Blood and then it was transferred to incubator for 24 hours at 37℃. Tests were used to identify the main Gram positive pathogenic genera. Gram-negative pathogenic colonies isolated were seeded in biochemical means of identification. Results： It was possible to identify the presence of Staphylococcus coagulase negative, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter spp, as well as the effectiveness of chemical solutions proposed in this study. Conclusions： All chemical solutions proposed in this study were effective for the surface disinfection process of anesthetic tubes.

Airborne Fungal Spores of Subalpine Zone of the Karkonosze and Izerskie Mountains(Poland)

The incidence of the airborne fungal spores was determined in the air of subalpine zone of the Karkonosze Mountains and of the Izerskie Mountains in the borderland between Poland and the Czech Republic. The experiment was conducted in2011 and 2012 at three to four week intervals from May to October. Air samples were taken from three locations in the Karkonosze Mts. and one from the Izerskie Mts. To examine the air, the Air Ideal 3P sampler and acidified PDA medium were used. The results show that Cladosporium cladosporioides was the most abundant spore type in all the sampling locations(up to 30%), followed by Alternaria alternata(16%–20%), Fusarium(up to 10%) and Sclerotinia sclerotiorium(up to 6%). The lower spore counts were recorded in May samples, compared to the other months. In this case the snow cover, that was still present in the area at the beginning of May,may be the reason for the lower, compared to June,July and August samplings, CFU(Colony Forming Unit) counts in that month.. The influx of air masses from SE, S and SW sectors in the area under study may affect dissemination of the plant-pathogenic fungi from the Czech Republic and from the South of Europe in general.

The Chemical Quality of Some Legumes, Peas, Fava Beans, Blue and White Lupins and Soybeans Cultivated in Finland

The cultivation and management of different legume species and their varieties were tested in South-Western Finland at farmers＇ fields in two years, 2010 and 2011. The studied legumes were peas and lava beans, and included also such species which are seldom or not normally cultivated in Finland, namely soybeans and blue and white lupins. Seed samples were collected from legume farms. The quality of different legume species was analysed and compared to each others. The chemical qualities were analysed for crude protein, fat, fibre, ash, nitrogen-free extract and phytic acid contents, and amino acid composition. The quality of the varieties of lupins and soybeans were compared to the quality of pea and fava bean varieties, which are generally cultivated nowadays in Finland. The highest protein contents were in soybean （369 and 379 g kg^-1） and white lupin （382 g kg^-1） and the lowest in pea varieties. Amino acid composition of legumes is good, but lupins have lower lysine content （g 100 g^-1 protein） than other legumes. High fat contents were in soybeans （91 and 100 g kg^-1） and white lupin （101 g kgl）, and moderate in blue lupin （30-49 g kg^-1）. Fuego fava bean variety had lower protein content than Kontu. The highest phytic acid contents were in soybeans （18.9 and 22.6 mg kg^-1） and the lowest in white lupin （6.2 mg kg^-1）. Lupins are interesting protein crops, especially white lupin with high protein and fat and low phytic acid contents. Lupins are not day length sensitive, like soybean, and therefore valuable for long-day cultivation conditions The present research strengthens the good chemical quality of legumes for food and feed purposes.