小麦玉米连作超高产培栽技术路线与实践探究

小麦和玉米是全球最重要的粮食作物之一,对于满足人类食物需求、保障粮食安全具有重要意义。然而,面对不断增长的人口和有限的农田资源,如何提高农作物的产量成为重要的研究方向之一。小麦和玉米是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一,其连作栽培可以提高土地利用效率和农产品产量。本文以小麦玉米连作超高产培栽技术路线与实践为研究对象,旨在探讨小麦玉米连作对农业生产的影响,并提出相关的技术路线、实践效果评估、局限性以及改进策略。通过实证分析,为农业生产提供科学依据和技术指导。

小麦玉米连作超高产培栽技术路线与实践

随着现代农业技术的不断发展,土壤疾病防治、肥力增强和节水增效等问题的解决,小麦玉米连作高产技术的研究和开发成为农业发展的热点。通过采用小麦玉米连作超高产培栽技术可以大大提高农作物的产量,这种技术充分利用了当地的光照、水资源和热量等资源,有效地解决了玉米生长过程中的各种挑战,从而达到了高效的栽培效果。通过将两种作物有机结合,可以大大提高农民的收入。通过采用高效的栽培技术,不仅可以有效地缓解玉米在生长过程中所面临的高温挑战,而且还能够保证小麦的正常种植和生长,从而实现双赢的局面。因此,研究这种高产栽培技术具有重要的现实意义。

大棚番茄早熟高产培栽技术

大棚番茄早熟高产培栽技术李杰在大棚早熟蔬菜生产中，番茄是栽培最广泛的一种。它的产量高（平均每６６７ｍ２产番茄３５００ｋｇ以上），经济效益比种一般其它作物明显提高（平均每６６７ｍ２可获纯利润５０００元以上），因而也在一定程度上带动了广大农民种菜的积极性...

晚粳新品种原粳7号的特征特性及栽培要点

原粳７号主要表现为产量高，穗大粒多，抗稻瘟病、中抗白叶枯病，米质优，适应性广，抗倒性强。在作连作晚稻和单季稻时全生育期分别为１４１和１６２ｄ左右。在高产栽培时，应注意适时播种，培育壮秧，合理密植，加强肥水管理，及时防治病虫害。

人工栽培毛葡萄的气候条件分析

经过2年的实践和研究,掌握了毛葡萄在罗城县气候条件下的生长规律及其栽培方法,为充分利用气候资源推广毛葡萄人工栽培提供科学依据。

不同栽培方式与施肥对玉米产量效应及土壤水分动态规律研究

试验采用三因素三水平正交设计方法,对氮肥、保水剂用量及不同的栽培方式与半干旱地区旱地玉米产量间的关系进行了研究。结果表明,膜内微集流沟播比膜上穴播增产8.7%,比微集流膜侧种植增产58.4%。不同栽培方式水分利用效率差异明显,覆膜微集流沟播水分利用率比覆膜穴播和微集流膜侧种植提高9.97%和51.75%,节水8.4%和34.6%。施N150.0kg/hm2、P2O5150.0kg/hm2比N112.5kg/hm2、P2O5150kg/hm2和N75.0kg/hm2、P2O5150.0kg/hm2分别增产14.9%和31.8%,水分利用率提高12.74%～39.78%,氮磷最佳配比为11∶。

红豆杉栽培技术

在介绍红豆杉植物学特征和生态学特征的基础上,经过多年的实践,重点总结了苗木培育、移苗定植栽培技术和病虫害防治措施等方面的经验。

观叶植物的瓶栽水中培养技术

室内观叶植物通常采取土培,栽培介质是土壤,在日常管理中,如浇水、施肥,易弄脏桌面、地板,且有异味,若长时间出差或忘记浇水,易造成叶片枯萎变黄,甚至脱水死亡。目前,流行的营养液无土栽培,虽弥补了土培的一些缺陷,但营养液成本高,有的也有异味,易污染居室空气。

山区水稻旱育垄栽湿培的农业气象效应

根据山区高山水稻栽培中存在的低温冷害等主要气候生态问题，设计了一套“旱育垄栽湿培”组合栽培法，本文总结了这一栽培方法的农业气象效应。

大别山水稻旱育垄栽湿培的农业气象效应

根据大别山区高山水稻栽培中存在的低温冷害等主要气候生态问题 ,设计了一套“旱育垄栽湿培”组合栽培法 。

藜麦开花期干旱胁迫对其形态特征及生理特性的影响

为探究干旱胁迫对开花期藜麦形态特征的影响,以陇藜1号、青藜1号两个藜麦品种为试验材料,以正常灌溉为对照,设置3个干旱胁迫强度处理,在藜麦开花期进行干旱胁迫15 d后,测定各处理植株叶片相对含水量、叶比重、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量等生理指标,干旱胁迫15 d后恢复正常灌水,成熟时测定植株高度、主穗长和有效分枝数。结果表明,植株叶片相对含水量和叶比重随土壤水分的降低而下降,不同程度干旱胁迫处理对叶片相对含水量影响差异不显著,但对叶比重影响显著;MDA含量、CAT活性也与干旱胁迫程度呈正相关,即随干旱胁迫强度的加重而上升。干旱胁迫处理后,植株高度、主穗长和有效分枝数下降,但轻度和中度干旱胁迫对株高、主穗长度影响差异不显著,重度干旱胁迫显著影响株高和主穗长,中度和重度干旱胁迫显著影响有效分枝数。说明开花期适度干旱胁迫对藜麦形态特征影响不大。

Genetic Diversity of Volatile Components in Xinjiang Wild Apple (Malus sieversii)

To evaluate genetic relationships using qualitative and/or quantitative differentiation of volatile components in Xinjiang Wild Apple （Malus sieversii （Lebed.） Roem.） and to acquire basic data for the conservation and utilization of the species, aroma components in ripe fruit of M. sieversii obtained from 30 seedlings at Mohe, Gongliu County, Xinjiang Autonomic Region, China, and in ripe fruit of 4 M. purnila cultivars （＇Rails＇, ＇Delicious＇, ＇Golden Delicious＇, and ＇Fuji＇） were analyzed using head space-solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results indicated that the values of similarity coefficient concerning volatile types between the two species were in accordance with the evolution of M. pumila cultivars （forms）, and that M. sieversii seedlings showed considerable genetic variations in these aspects： the total content of volatile components, the classes and contents of each compound classes, the segregation ratio, and content of main components. The results showed significant difference among seedlings and wide genetic diversity within the populations. Comparison of the volatile components in M. sieversii with those in M. pumila cultivars showed that the common compounds whose number were larger than five with the contents over 0.04 mg/L simultaneously between M. sieversii and M. pumila cultivars belonged to esters, alcohols, aldehydes or ketones. This suggests fundamental identity in main volatile components of M. sieversii and M. pumila cultivars. The results above sustained the conclusion ＂M. sieversii is probably the ancestor ofM. purnila＂. However, there were 48 compounds present in M. puraila that were not detected in M. sieversii, including 6 character impact components （i.e., propyl acetate, （Z）-3-hexenal, 2-methyl-l-butanol acetate, pentyl acetate, 3-furanmethanol, and benzene acetaldehyde）. This suggested that in the domestication of M. pumila, introgression of other apple species, except for M. sieversii, by interspecies hybridization was possible. There were 177 compounds in total belonging to 11 classes detected in 30 M. sieversii seedlings, including esters, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, acids, benzene ramifications, terpenes, heterocycles, hydrocarbon derivates, acetals, and lactones. Among them, acetals and lactones were not detected in M. pumila cultivars, 90 compounds were unique to M. sieversii, and 7 components （l-butanol, ethyl hutanoate, 1-hexanol, ethyl hexanoate, 3-octen-1-ol, ethyl octanoate, and damascenone） belonged to character impact odors. Thus, the potential of M. sieversii in ＂utilization conservation＂ is enormous as a rate germplasm on genetic improvement of M. pumila cultivars.

Advances in Soilless Culture Research

Soilless culture refers to the technique by which crops are grown using nutrient solution or solid substrate along with nutrient solution without natural soil. This technique has developed for more than 150 years, and plays an essential role in promoting the development of horticultural, agricultural and forestal production, as well as agricultural modernization. Substrate and nutrient solution formulae and their application are the core of soilless culture technique. Based on the classification system of soilless culture, the types, advantages and scope of application of substrate formulae for growing vegetables and flowers in soilless culture, as well as the types, advantages and scope of application of nutrient solution formulae, and the regulation of nutrient solution ingredients are first systematically summarized in this paper; then, the advantages and disadvantages of the inorganic energy-intensive soilless culture and eco-organic soilless culture, and their scopes of application are analyzed; finally, research directions for further perfecting soilless culture technique are presented, and the outlook for the application of soilless culture is also provided.

Differences of Photosynthetic Characteristics of the Grape Cultivated in Greenhouse and Open Field in Turpan

[Objective] This study compared the leaf photosynthetic characteristics of Turpan grape cultivated in greenhouses and open field to provide a scientific basis for the high-quality and high-yield cultivation of grape. [Method] Two precocious grape varieties as experimental materials were cultivated in greenhouses and open field, and their net photosynthetic rates （Pn）, photo-response curves and CO2 response curves were determined using Li-400XT portable photosynthesis system. [Result] The leaf Pn of the two varieties cultivated in open field was higher than that in greenhouse. The Pn of Hongqitezao cultivated in open field was the highest, up to 19.79 μmol/（m^2·s）; in the photo-response curves, Hongqitezao cultivated in greenhouse had the largest Pnmax and apparent quantum yield （AQY）, while the Flame Seedless in greenhouse had the smallest light compensation point （LCP）. The light saturation point （LSP） value of greenhouse cultivation was higher than that of open field cultivation. In the CO2 response test, the dark respiration rate （Rd） and Pnmax of greenhouse cultivation were higher than those of open field cultivation, and the carboxylation efficiency （CE） of greenhouse cultivation was lower than that of open field cultivation; the CO2 compensation point （CCP） and CO2 saturation point （CSP） of greenhouse cultivation were lower than those of open field cultivation. [Conclusion] The utilization of elevated light in greenhouse cultivation was more efficient than in open field cultivation; however, the utilization of elevated CO2 in greenhouse cultivation was weaker than tin open field cultivation.

Determination of Isoflavone from Soybean Lines Cultivated in Jilin Province and Correlation Analysis between Isoflavone Content and Soybean Quality

[Objective]The aim of this study was to set up a high performance liquid chromatography for rapid determination of isoflavones from soybean and analyze the correlation between isofalvone content and protein or fat content. [Method]The isoflavones were firstly extracted by 80% methanol and then hydrolyzed at 100 ℃. The chromatographic separation adopted a reversed-phase C18 analytical column with binary high-pressure gradient elution,while its analysis time was 25 min and column temperature was 40 ℃. The diode array detector was used for monitoring with wavelength of 260 nm. The correlation between isofalvone content and protein or fat content was analyzed by data processing system Origin 6.0. [Result]The high performance liquid chromatograph for determination of isoflavones from soybean was verified to be accurate and reliable by methodology. The isoflavones of 85 soybean lines cultivated in Jilin Province were determined,and the results primarily showed the characters and ranges of isoflavones from soybean lines cultivated in Jilin Province,while the isoflavone content of soybeans ranged from 2.29 to 4.89 mg/g,and the average content was 3.36 mg/g. The isoflavone content of 5 soybean lines exceeded 4 mg/g,while there was a remarkably negative correlation between isoflavone content and protein content,and there was no significant positive correlation between isoflavone content and fat content. [Conclusion]The isoflavone content of soybean lines cultivated in Jilin Province is higher,so it is feasible for breeding the soybean lines with high isoflavone content and fat contetnt.

Cultivation Techniques of Panax notoginseng F.H. Chen under Different Forests

To overcome the issues of high cost and continuous cropping obstacles in facility cultivation of Panax notoginseng_ F. H. Chen, satisfy the market demand, save the production cost, improve the utilization rate of forest land, increase the in-come of forest farmers and protect the ecological environment, the cultivation tech-niques of high-quality P. notoginseng seedlings from Wenshan, Yunnan under four kinds of forests （walnut forest, China fir forest, grape forest and kiwi forest） were in-vestigated in this study. The results showed that the height growth, crown diameter, survival rate and 3-year-old tuber weight of P. notoginseng_under walnut forest were higher than those under the other three kinds of forests; the height growth, crown diameter, survival rate and 3-year-old tuber weight of P. notoginseng under China fir forest were higher than those under grape forest and kiwi forest; and the crown di-ameter and survival rate under grape forest were higher, and the height growth and tuber weight under grape forest were lower than those under kiwi forest. Walnut is a broad-leaved deciduous tree species, so large-scale cultivation of P. notoginseng_should be conducted under broadleaf deciduous forest with canopy density around 0.8, taking advantage of the cool environment and rich humus layer under forest. This cultivation technology could save labor, shade, fertilizer and other costs, and accord with the ecological habit and the growth rules of P. notoginseng, thus im-proving yield and achieving high economic benefit.

ITS1 SEQUENCES OF NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA IN WILD RICES AND CULTIVATED RICES OF CHINA AND THEIR PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS

The first internal transcribed spacer(ITS1) of nuclear ribosomal DNA of three wild rice species and two subspecies of cultivated rice, which are distributed in China, was amplified using PCR technique and sequenced with automated fluorescent sequencing. The sequences of ITS1 ranged from 193 bp to 218 bp in size and G/C content varied from 69.3% to 72.7%. In pairwise comparisons among the five taxa, sequence site divergence ranged from 1.5% to 10.6%. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS1 sequences using Wagner parsimony generated a single well resolved tree, which revealed that Oryza rufipogon was much more closely related to cultivated rice species than to the other two wild species. Oryza granulata was less closely related to either cultivated rice species or the other two wild species, and might be a unique and isolated taxon in the genus Oryza. The phylogenetic relationships of the three wild rice species and two cultivated rice subspecies inferred from ITS1 sequences is highly concordant with those based on the molecular evidence from isozyme, chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) of the genus Oryza .

Study on Soilless Culture of Facility Strawberry

[Objective] The aim was to establish a set of soilless cultivation and management method of facility strawberry cultivation in the south of China.[Method] In the research,strawberry species,substrate formulae,cultivation modes and nutri ent solutions were selected and optimized.[Result] Three-dimensional strawberry cultivation was much suitable for Frandy,Hongbao and Gumei No.1; substrate with coconut shred-mushroom residue-peat soil ratio at 2∶2∶1 was the optimal; the treatment C3,containing Ca（NO3）2·4H2O,KNO3,（NH4）2HPO4,MgSO4·7H2O,and NH4NO3 at 280,303,62,246 and 80 mg/L,promoted strawberry growth,and the cultivated strawberry was large and thick in leaves,thick in stem,dark green in leaf color,with best fruit yield and quality.Among three cultivation modes,the density,space use ratio and yield in the treatment with PVC pipes in A-shape were all higher and the strawberry was easier and more convenient for picking.[Conclusion] The research provides references for soilless cultivation of strawberry in the south of China.

Overview of Pharmacological & Ecological Research of Scirpus tabernaemontani Gmel

On the basis of extensive literature search, the species, ingredients, pharmacology, clinical applications, ecological value and cultivation techniques of Scirpus tabemaemontani Gmel have been reviewed, to provide scientific data for further research ＆ development.

Different Understory Cultivation Techniques of Paris polyphylla Smith

This study was conducted for the purposes of reducing consumption of wild resources of Paris polyphylla Smith, satisfying the market demand, saving the production cost, improving utilization rate of forest land, increasing income of foresters and protecting ecological environment. Three types of fores{ land, i.e., the evergreen forest land （China fir forest）, deciduous forest land （walnut forest） and shrub land （honey suckle forest.） were selected, and seeds and cut rhizomes of Paris polyphylla Smith produced in Bamian Mountain, Hunan, were used in the study on understory seedling raising and cultivation techniques. The results showed that： when using different propagation materials, seed propagation could be adopted to reduce the consumption of wild resources and provide a large number of seedlings, and was beneficial to large-scale planting; and when conducing seedling and plantlet raising followed by transplanting and direct seeding and planting using different propagation materials in large-scale understory cultivation, direct seeding/ planting was appropriate for saving save production cost with the advantage of early production. Among the 3 different types of forest land, the best choice was broad- leaved forest land, which could achieve better economic benefit because of con- forming with the ecological habit and growth and development law of Paris poly- phylla Smith.