核级设备中薄膜/基体系统Ⅱ型界面裂纹尖端场

随着薄膜/基体系统在核级设备中的开发和应用,对薄膜以及薄膜/基体系统力学性能的研究显得越来越重要。本文从基本方程出发,结合对裂尖各场合理的奇异性分析,推导出了渐近控制方程。并由定解条件,采用打靶法求得了Ⅱ型裂纹裂尖的应力和应变场。此研究将为最终解决工程实践中所遇到的相应问题和建立材料的破坏准则提供理论参考。

平头压痕蠕变损伤实验的有限元模拟分析

对平头压痕蠕变实验进行了有限元模拟分析,重点考虑了受压材料的蠕变损伤.基于等效应力控制的蠕变损伤方程,在完成了Abaqus的Creep用户子程序的基础上对单相半无限大材料和薄膜/基体的两相材料系统的平头压痕蠕变损伤响应进行了有限元模拟.结果表明,蠕变压痕速率与材料的损伤参量相关,也与压头大小以及薄膜厚度/压头直径之比有关.与无损伤材料一样,也可以通过压痕蠕变损伤实验来得到受压材料的蠕变损伤规律.

Molecular phylogeny of thirteen species in the genus Formica(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) based on COI, COII, and Cyt b genes

Partial eytochrome oxidase subunits I （COI） and II （COII）, and cytochrome b （Cyt b） genes of thirteen species of the ant genus Formica were sequenced for molecular phylogenetic studies. The sequences were as follows： COI fragment, 657 bp; COl ＋ COIl fragments, approximately 900 bp, including the termination codon at the end of COI and the initiator codon at the beginning of COIl; and the Cyt b fragment, 777 bp. Results show that these three mitoehondrial genetic markers are similar in base composition. The contents of A ＋ T were 73.8% （COl） and 79.2% （COII）--higher than those of G ＋ C, which were 20.8% （COIl） and 26.2% （COI）, and strongly AT-biased. The highest A ＋ T contents were 89.9% （COI） and 93.7% （COII） on the third codon, whereas the lowest G content was 0.2% （COII） and 1.2% （Cyt b）. Molecular phylogenetic trees based on these mitoehondrial genes were reconstructed. Cataglyphis aenescens in the subfamily Formicinae was used as the outgroup, and Diacamma rugosum of the subfamily Ponerinae was used as an additional, distantly-related outgroup. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the differences among the species in the in-group were small, with genetic distance values less than 0.1. The greatest genetic distance was between E beijingensis and F. cunicularia. The results are in accord with those based on morphological features.

High Altitude Adaptation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Tibetan Horse Based on the Mitochondrial Genome

To investigate genetic mechanisms of high altitude adaptations of animals living in the Tibetan Plateau, three mitochondrial genomes （mt-genome） of Tibetan horses living in Naqu （4,500 m） of Tibetan, Zhongdian （3,300 m） and Deqin （3,100 m） of Yunnan province were sequenced. The structures and lengths of these three mt-genomes are similar to the Cheju horse, which is related to Tibetan horses, but little shorter than the Swedish horse. The pair-wise identity of these three horses on nucleotide level is more than 99.3%. When the gene encoding the mitochondrial protein of Tibetan horses was analyzed, we found that NADH6 has higher non-synonymous mutation rate in all of three Tibetan horses. This implies that NADH6 may play a role in Tibetan horses＇ high altitude adaptation. NADH6 is one of the subunits of the complex I in the respiratory chain. Furthermore, 7 D-loop sequences of Tibetan horse from different areas were sequenced, and the phylogeny tree was constructed to study the origin and evolutionary history of Tibetan horses. The result showed that the genetic diverse was high among Tibetan horses. All of Tibetan horses from Naqu were clustered into one clade, and Tibetan horses from Zhongdian and Deqin were clustered into others clades. The first molecular evidence of Tibetan horses indicated in this study is that Tibetan horse population might have multiple origins.

Cloning,Sequencing and Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of the Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Ⅰ Gene of Chilo suppressalis

[Objective] The research aimed at cloning and analyzing mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene（cox 1）of C.suppressalis.[Method] The mitochondrial cox 1 gene of C.suppressalis was cloned with PCR method and sequenced.Then,cox1 sequences of other 21 Lepidopteran species were obtained by blasting the GenBank with cox 1 gene sequence of C.suppressalis.Finally,homology comparison and molecular phylogenitic analysis among the 22 Lepidopteran species were conducted.[Result] The open reading frame of cox 1 gene from C.suppressalis contained 1 531 nucleotides encoding a putative protein of 510 amino acids.The cox1 gene used a start codon CGA,and an incomplete termination codon composed of only T.Based on the amino acid sequences of cox 1,the molecular phylogenetic tree of Lepidoptera was reconstructed using the maximum likelihood（ML）method.The molecular phylogenetic tree was similar to the morphological phylogenetic tree mainly,but also showed some differences.[Conclusion] The result will provide reference for further research on expression and application of cox 1 gene.

Research Progress of Sugarcane Chloroplast Genome

Along with the development of modern molecular biology technologies, complete chloroplast genomes have been sequenced in various plant species to date, and the structure, function and expression of these genes have been deter-mined. The chloroplast genome structure in most higher plants is stable, since the gene number, arrangement and composition are conservative. The determination of sugarcane chloroplast genome sequence laid a good foundation for sugarcane chloroplast related research. This article gives a review on the research progress of sugarcane chloroplast genome through the chloroplast genome map, gene structure, function, chloroplast RNA editing, and phylogenetic analysis in Saccharum and relat-ed genera. This study held great potential to clarify more directions in researches, including sugarcane chloroplast genetic transformation, complete chloroplast nu-cleotide sequence determination in Saccharum and closely related genera, cpSSRs development and application.

Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Red Fox (Vuples vuples) and Phylogenetic Analysis with Other Canid Species

The whole mitochondrial genome sequence of red fox （Vuples vuples） was determined. It had a total length of 16 723 bp. As in most mammal mitochondrial genome, it contained 13 protein coding genes, two ribosome RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and one control region. The base composition was 31.3% A, 26.1% C, 14.8% G and 27.8% T, respectively. The codon usage of red fox, arctic fox, gray wolf, domestic dog and coyote followed the same pattern except for an unusual ATT start codon, which initiates the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 gene in the red fox. A long tandem repeat rich in AC was found between conserved sequence block 1 and 2 in the control region. In order to confirm the phylogenetic relationships of red fox to other canids, phylogenetic trees were reconstructed by neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods using 12 concatenated heavy-strand protein-coding genes. The result indicated that arctic fox was the sister group of red fox and they both belong to the red fox-like clade in family Canidae, while gray wolf, domestic dog and coyote belong to wolf-like clade. The result was in accordance with existing phylogenetic results.

A novel gene delivery system targeting cells expressing VEGF receptors

Two ligand oligopeptides GV1 and GV2 were designed according to the putative binding region of VEGF to its receptors. GV1, GV2 and endosome releasing oligopeptide HA20 were conjugated with poly-L-lysine or protamine and the resulting conjugates could interact with DNA in a noncovalent bond to form a complex. Using pSV2-β-galactosidase as a reporter gene, it has been demonstrated that exogenous gene was transferred into bovine aortic arch-derived endothelial cells (ABAE) andhuman malignant melanoma cell lines (A375) in vitro. In vivo experiments, exogenous gene was transferred into tumor vascular endothelial cells and tumor cells of subcutaneously transplanted human colon cancer LOVO, human malignant melanoma A375 and human hepatoma graft in nude mice. This system could also target gene to intrahepatically transplanted human hepatoma injected via portal vein in nude mice. These results are correlated with theGene delivery system targeting VEGF receptors relevant receptors (flt-1, flk-1/KDR) expression on the targeted cells and tissues.

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Salt-water Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) and Phylogeny of Crocodilians

The nucleotide sequence of the complete mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） molecule of the salt-water crocodile （Crocodylus porosus） was determined in this article. The molecule is 16,917 base pairs Cop） in length, and codes for 22 tRNAs, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs, as well as a control region （D-loop）, as is characteristic for mitochondrial genomes of other metazoans. The gene order conforms to that of other crocodilians sequenced, but the arrangement of some tRNA genes differs from other vertebrates. It shows that the gene order of crocodilians is remarkably conserved. In this study, the relationships among crocodilians were examined in the phylogenetic analysis based on the control conserved regions of 17 crocodilians. The results suggest that the gharial （Gavialis gangeticus） joins the false gharial （Tomistoma schlegelii） on a common branch, and then constitutes a sister group to traditional Crocodylidae. Thus, the result supports that G gangeticus belongs to Crocodylidae. The analyses also suggest that the African slender-shouted crocodile （Crocodylus cataphractus） can be treated as an isolated genus, and constitutes a sister group to Crocodylus.

The first complete mitogenome of Cyclommatus stag beetles(Coleoptera: Lucanidae) with the phylogenetic implications

The first complete mitogenome of Cyclommatus stag beetles, Cyclommatus vitalisi（Coleoptera： Lucanidae） is sequenced using the next generation sequening. The genomic structure is a closed circular molecule with 17,853 bp in length, comprising 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes（t RNAs）, 2 ribosomal RNAs（r RNAs） and a control region. The sequence has neither a gene rearrangement nor a non-coding region. The nucleotide composition is A（36. 31%）, C（21. 48%）, T（31. 20%） and G（11. 01%）, with overall AT content of 73. 61%. The phylogenetic analysis of 13 stag beetles and another three scarab beetles show that Cyclommatus vitalisi shares a close ancestry with Lucanus mazama and Lucanus fortunei.

Study on Origin and Evolution of Polyploids in Parakmeria Hu et Cheng Using LEAFY Gene

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the origin and evolution of poly- poids in Parakmeria Hu et Cheng through LEAFY gene clone and sequence analysis. [Method] In this study, LEAFY gene in Parakmeria species and its relative genera was cloned and sequenced using molecular biology methods. With reference to LEAFY gene sequence published by NCBI, the origin pattern of polypoids in Parakmeria was explored and reasons for the distribution layout of different polypoids were analyzed through sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. [Result] Different Magnoliaceae species can be distinguished using the LEAFY gene, and there was a length polymorphism found in the 3＋ end of the LEAFY gene, which can be used to divide Magnoliaceae plants of different species or in different genera, thus of high application value. [Conclusion] Most Parakmeria tetraploids are produced by polyploidization of homologous chromosomes, while Parakmeria hexaploids are chiefly produced by both polyploidization of homologous chromosomes and heterologous hybridization.

Molecular Phylogeny of Pamphagidae(Acridoidea,Orthoptera) from China Based on Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I Sequences

Phylogenetic relationships of Pamphagidae were examined using cytochrome oxidase subunit I（cox1） gene sequences.Eleven species of Pamphagidae from 7 genera were sequenced to obtain mt DNA data,along with 2 species from the Gen Bank nucleotide database.The results of sequence comparisons showed the cox1 gene is 1 534 bp in length,including 326 varible sites and 211 parsimonious information sites.The percentage of A ＋T is 67.1% in the nucleotide sequences,showing a strong AT bias.Genetic distances among subfamilies are 0.08.Using Locusta migratoria as outgroup,the phylogenetic trees were reconstructed with NJ,MP,ML and Bayesian inferences,and the results showed that the clustering results were approximately identical to that of classical morphological classification.Thrinchinae and Pamphaginae were a monophyletic group,respectively.Two species of the genus Asiotmethis of Prionotropisinae did not get together with other species of Prionotropisinae,classification position of Asiotmethis should be further discussed by both genetic markers and morphological features.The current genus Filchnerella of Prionotropisinae was not a monophyletic group.

ICP-MS法测定注射用头孢美唑钠中31种元素杂质的含量

目的:建立电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法,测定注射用头孢美唑钠中的31种具有潜在风险的元素杂质:砷(As)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)、钴(Co)、镍(Ni)、钒(V)、金(Au)、铱(Ir)、锇(Os)、钯(Pd)、铂(Pt)、铑(Rh)、钌(Ru)、银(Ag)、硒(Se)、铊(Tl)、钡(Ba)、钼(Mo)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、锂(Li)、锑(Sb)、锡(Sn)、硼(B)、铝(Al)、硅(Si)、钛(Ti)、锰(Mn)、铁(Fe),锌(Zn)的含量。方法:采用Agilent 8900 ICP-MS Triple Quad电感耦合等离子体质谱仪,运用碰撞模式消除双电荷干扰,以高基体样品进样系统模式进样,通过在线内标方式消除基质效应,样品稀释直接进样测定。结果:该方法能同时测定31种元素杂质含量,其线性关系良好(r>0.99)、重复性试验的RSD小于20%(n=6)、回收率在70%~140%(n=9),均满足USP 43<233>方法学验证碰撞模式的要求。应用该方法测定了20批来自不同生产企业的国产制剂及1批原研制剂中上述元素的含量。结论:国产及原研制剂中元素杂质含量均低于限度的30%,风险可控;所建立的方法操作简便,准确灵敏,专属性强,重复性好,可为化学药品中元素杂质控制方法提供参考。本试验对国评样品的元素杂质迁移情况开展筛查,不仅能够掌握注射用头孢美唑钠质量整体水平,并且可以为监管部门对上市后药品再评价提供技术储备和数据支持。

Cast shadow detection for moving objects based on binocular stereo vision

A novel cast shadow detection approach was proposed.A stereo vision system was used to capture images instead of traditional single camera.It was based on an assumption that cast shadows were on a special plane.The image obtained from one camera was inversely projected to the plane and then transformed to the view from another camera.The points on the plane shared the same position between original image and the transformed image.As a result,the cast shadows can be detected.In order to improve the efficiency of cast shadow detection and decrease computational complexity,the obvious object areas in CIELAB color space were removed and the potential shadow areas were obtained.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can detect cast shadows accurately even under various illuminations.

A hybrid neural network system for prediction and recognition of promoter regions in human genome

This paper proposes a high specificity and sensitivity algorithm called PromPredictor for recognizing promoter regions in the human genome. PromPredictor extracts compositional features and CpG islands information from genomic sequence,feeding these features as input for a hybrid neural network system (HNN) and then applies the HNN for prediction. It combines a novel promoter recognition model, coding theory, feature selection and dimensionality reduction with machine learning algorithm.Evaluation on Human chromosome 22 was ～66% in sensitivity and ～48% in specificity. Comparison with two other systems revealed that our method had superior sensitivity and specificity in predicting promoter regions. PromPredictor is written in MATLAB and requires Matlab to run. PromPredictor is freely available at http://www.whtelecom.com/Prompredictor.htm.

HIGH DENSITY CULTIVATION OF A RECOMBINANT CD－1 CELL LINE PRODUCING PROUROKINASE USING A BIOSILON MICROCARRIER CULTURE SYSTEM

CD-1, a genetically-engineered CHO cell line, was cultivated with a Biosilon microcarrier culture system.We successfully cultivated CD-1 cells to a very high density (over1×107cells/ml). Prourokinase was stably secreted at about 180 IU/ 1e6 cells/24 h. Experiments showed that CD-1 cells growing on Biosilon microcarriers were able to spontaneously release from the microcarriers, then reatthch and proliferate on fresh microcarriers. This makes it very easy to scale up preduction. The microcarriers could be reused several times without affecting adhesion. proliferation and prourokinase secretion. With CMPECC membrane radial flow chromatography and MPG chromatography, the prourokinase in conditioned medium could be purified to a specific activity of 1×105 IU/mg of protein. The purification factor was about 600 fold, and approxiamately 90 % of the biological activity was recovered.

The Complete Sequence of Mitochondrial COII Gene of Fenneropenaeus chinensis and Its Applicability as a Marker for Phylogenetic Analysis

The complete mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit Ⅱ （COⅡ） gene of Penaeinae shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis was cloned and sequenced. The gene is 688 bp in length and codes for 229 amino acids. It shows 83.2%, 87.0% and 83.8% sequence similarity to Marsupenaeus Japonicus, Penaeus monodon and Farfantepenaeus notialis, respectively. The A＋T content of the whole gene and that at the third position of codons are 64.7% and 78.2%, respectively. The phylogenetic relationship between F. chinensis and three other species representing genera Farfanatepenaeus, Marsupenaeus and Penaeus was analyzed. Results showed that the genetic distances among the four taxa ranged from 0.144 0 to 0.200 5, exceeding those estimated with COⅠ and partial 16S rRNA gene sequences among Marsupenaeus, Litopenaeus and Melicertus, and being therefore larger than the value among subgenera. It has been suggested that the COⅡ gene has a faster evolutionary rate than that of the COⅠ gene and partial 16S rRNA gene and could be used for phylogenetic analysis at genus or species level. The results of the present study indicated that Farfantepenaeus, Fenneropenaeus, Marsupenaeus and Penaeus are at a higher phylogenetic level than subgenus, which supports the opinion of the elevation of phylogenetic status of the four subgenera to genus level.

A simple rectification method for linear multi-baseline stereovision system

The linear multi-baseline stereo system introduced by the CMU-RI group has been proven to be a very effective and robust stereovision system. However, most traditional stereo rectification algorithms are all designed for binocular stereovision system, and so, cannot be applied to a linear multi-baseline system. This paper presents a simple and intuitional method that can simultaneously rectify all the cameras in a linear multi-baseline system. Instead of using the general 8-parameter homography transform, a two-step virtual rotation method is applied for rectification, which results in a more specific transform that has only 3 parameters, and more stability. Experimental results for real stereo images showed the presented method is efficient.

Ternary System of Fe-based Ionic Liquid,Ethanol and Water for Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization

Fe-based ionic liquid （Fe-IL） was synthesized by mixing FeCl3·6H2O and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Bmim]C1 in this paper. The phase diagram of a ternary Fe-IL, ethanol and water system was investigated to construct a ternary desulfurization solution for wet flue gas desulfurization. The effects of flow rate and concentration of SO2, reaction temperature, pH and Fe-IL fraction in aqueous desulfurization solution on the desulfiariza- tion efficiency were investigated. The results shows that the best composition of ternary desulfurization solution of Fe-IL, ethanol and water is 1 ： 1.5 ： 3 by volume ratio, and pH should be controlled at 2.0. Under such conditions, a desulfurization rate greater than 90% could be obtained. The product of sulfuric acid had inhibition effect on the wet desulfurization process. With applying this new ternary desulfurization solution, not only the catalyst Fe-IL can be recycled and reused, but also the product sulfuric acid can be separated directly from the ternary desulfurization system.

Characterization of Chiton Ischnochiton hakodadensis Foot Based on Transcriptome Sequencing

Chiton(Ischnochiton hakodadensis) is one of marine mollusks well known for its eight separate shell plates. I. hakodadensis is important, which plays a vital role in the ecosystems it inhabits. So far, the genetic studies on the chiton are scarce due in part to insufficient genomic resources available for this species. In this study, we investigated the transcriptome of the chiton foot using Illumina sequencing technology. The reads were assembled and clustered into 256461 unigenes, of which 42247 were divided into diverse functional categories by Gene Ontology(GO) annotation terms, and 17256 mapped onto 365 pathways by KEGG pathway mapping. Meanwhile, a set of differentially expressed genes(DEGs) between distal and proximal muscles were identified as the foot adhesive locomotion associated, thus were useful for our future studies. Moreover, up to 679384 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and 19814 simple sequence repeats(SSRs) were identified in this study, which are valuable for subsequent studies on genetic diversity and variation. The transcriptomic resource obtained in this study should aid to future genetic and genomic studies of chiton.