固废基免烧保温砖的制备及性能研究

以超细尾矿粉为主要原材料,改性EPS和秸秆为填充料,水泥为胶凝材料,经活性激发剂的作用,制备出力学性能和耐久性好且保温性能优异的固废基免烧保温砖。研究了改性EPS和秸秆用量对材料主要性能的影响,并对配比进行优化设计。结果表明,改性EPS用量为超细尾矿粉质量的4.5%,秸秆用量为超细尾矿粉质量的4%~6%时,保温砖的7 d抗压强度≥17.5 MPa、抗折强度≥3.5 MPa、28 d抗压强度≥23.0 MPa、抗折强度≥5.5 MPa,冻融循环50次后的抗压强度损失率≤2.5%,质量损失率≤1.5%,导热系数≤0.055 W/(m·K)。

免烧类绿沸石基复合材料的合成及其净水性能

为解决矿物凝聚除藻技术不能同步除氮除磷、材料易散失、底泥量大、去除效果持续性短等弊端,对11种矿物材料进行吸附去除NH_(4)^(+)-N、TP、Chl-a和TUB的性能测定筛选,以吸附NH_(4)^(+)-N效果最好的绿沸石为基础材料,制备5种免烧类绿沸石基复合材料(NGZC),分析NGZC的表面形貌结构,探讨了发泡剂和水泥用量、绿沸石与其余矿物的物料比等因素对NGZC净水性能的影响,以及NGZC投加量、水处理反应温度和时间等因素对去除河道污水中多种污染物效果的影响。结果表明,在设定的养护条件下,NGZC最佳制备条件为:水泥掺量为10%~15%,发泡剂掺量为0.25%~0.5%,绿沸石与牡蛎壳、凹凸棒石黏土、活性白土、水滑石、赤玉土的物料比分别为8∶2、4∶6、6∶4、4∶6、4∶6。最佳水处理条件为:25℃下,200 mL污染河水中加4 g NGZC,处理3 d。本研究为藻型富营养化水体的污染修复、非金属矿物和废弃物的资源化利用和水土保持等提供低成本的复合净水材料和新技术。

某社区22年计划免疫管理资料的回顾分析

目的为探讨基层社区进行计划免疫的可持续发展策略。方法通过对广州市西村街社区22年计免管理资料的回顾,分析一类、二类疫苗接种的管理效果和效益评估。结果1986年起至1996年前11年间,年平均接种2209人次,12月龄四苗接种率达98%。1997年采用儿童计划免疫信息化操作系统(简称金卡系统)后管理效率大大提高,通过规范化门诊验收。1997年至2007年期间年平均接种10736人次,12月龄六苗接种合格率均为95%以上。并推广接种收费疫苗(简称二类疫苗),产生了较好的社会经济效益,其毛利率高达26.1%。结论22年来计划免疫工作稳步发展,接种率高、接种人数不断增大,有效地控制了相应传染病的发生。计免接种收入在社区卫生服务中心收入中占较大比重,有较好的经济效益,但计免管理仍需不断提高和完善。

Sequencing and Analysis of Porcine Intrleukin-18 Gene

[ Objective] To clone the porcine interleukin-18（/L-18） cDNA and explore the immunological effectiveness of porcine IL-18 as an adjuvant of genetic vaccine. [ Method] The spleen lymphccytes were isolated from Henan three-way cross-breeding pigs. According to the porcine IL-18 gene in GenBank, a pair of specific primers was designed. The full length cDNA of porcine IL-18 was amplified by RT-PCR. Subsequently, porcine IL-18 cDNA was cloned into pGEM-T vector and sequenced and analyzed. [ Result] The porcine IL-18 gene demonstrated an open reading frame of 579 bp encoding an inactive precursor protein with 192 amino acids. The precursor protein had no typical hydrophobic signal peptide and cleaved by interleukin-1 beta （IL-1β） converting enzyme（ICE） in caspase-1 splice site; the porcine mature protein had biological activity： After comparing with other porcine IL-18 genes, the nucleotide sequence homology was over 96% and the deduced amino acid homology was more than 98%. [ Conclusion] A full length procine IL-18 gene was gained. It lays the foundation for porcine IL-18 as an adjuvant of genetic vaccine.

Construction of DNA Vaccine for FMDV P1 Gene and Immunization Experiment

[Objective] This study aimed to construct DNA vaccine of foot-and-mouth disease （FMD）.[Method] Plasmid carriers plESZP1 and pUTK3CP1 with PRV were constructed for FMDV P1 gene expression.Mice were immunized,and their antibody level was detected.The two eukaryotic expression plasmids constructed were transfected into Vero cells.PCR,IFA and Westem-blot were carried out to detect the transcription and expression of the objective gene.Balb/C mice were intramuscularly inoculated with the DNA plasmid which expressed the target gene correctly,and the antibody level in mice was detected by the means of ELISA and serum neutralization （SN）.[Result] DNA plasmid carrying P1 gene which encodes FMDV capsid protein caused specific body fluid immunoreaction in mice,and the antibody level of anti-FMDV had no difference in the mice induced by the two recombinant plasmids.[Conclusion] This study lays a foundation for evaluating the genetically modified vaccine by immunizing animals with recombinant PRV containing the FMDV P1 gene and recombinant virus.

Differential Expression of Immune Genes between Body Side Skin and Groin Skin of Aohan Fine Wool Sheep

[Objective] To get major genes for wool traits regulation from immune genes. [Methods] Microarray technology was used to detect differentially expressed immune genes between body side skin （more wool growing） and groin skin （no wool growing） of Aohan fine wool sheep. [Results] 46 immune genes （fold change 〉2.0） were identified and classified, and then 6 of which were selected for QPCR confir- mation. The degree of consistency of the QPCR and microarray results was 66.67%, [Conclusion] Immune privilege may participate in wool growth regulation.

Expression of Bt Protein in Transgenic Pest-resistant Rice

[Objective] The aim of this study was to study on expression of Bt protein in transgenic pest-resistant rice. [Method] Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure Bt protein expression in different tissues of transgenic pest-resistant rice at same growth stage. [Result] Absolute content of Bt protein from high to low was as follows： leaves 〉 immature seeds and glumes 〉 roots 〉 stems in different tissues of transgenic rice in grain-filling stage; Bt protein content of trans- genic rice changed a little in different growth stages （including tillering stage, booting stage, and grain-filling stage）; in general, its level declined a little in later growth stage, but the resistibility would not be influenced significantly. [Conclusion] The ex- periment is significant for pest prevention and transgenic rice breeding.

Cloning and Phylogenetic Analysis of NS1 Genes from Different Isolates of H9N2 Subtype Duck Influenza Virus

[ Objective] The study aimed to lay a foundation for the further studies on function mechanism of NS1 protein in the interspecies transmission of waterfowl influenza virus. [Method] Using the serologic assay and the specific RT-PCR method, some strains of H9 subtype waterfowl influenza virus were isolated from the 12 to 20 day-old muscovy duck flocks without any clinical symptoms in different areas of Guangdong Province. Four of these strains, including A/duck/ZQ/303/2007（H9N2） （A3 for short）, A/Duck/FJ/301/2007 （H9N2） （C1 for short）, A/Duck/NH/306/2007（H9N2） （ D6 for short）, A/duck/SS/402/2007（H9N2） （ E2 for short）, and a strain named A/duck/ZC/2007（H9N2） （L1 for short） from a muscovy duck died of avian influenza virus （AIV）, were used for NSl gene cloning and sequencing. Subsequently, the obtained NSl gene sequences were compared with other NS1 sequences registered in GenBank, and the phylogenetic analysis was also conducted. [Result] When compared with the H9N2 AIV NS1 sequences in GenBank, the NSl genes of the four AIV strains A3, C1, 136 and E2 displayed homologies ranging from 99% to 100% at nucleotide level, and 95% to 100% at amino acid level; while the NSl gene of L1 strain displayed homology ranging from 94% to 97% at nucleotide level, and 93% to 98% at amino acid level. The phylogenetic tree demonstrated that A3, C1, D6 and E2 were highly resemblant, and L1 was closest to AY66473 （chicken, 2003）. By comparison with the NS1 gene sequences of L1, AF523514 （duck）, AY664743 （chicken） and EF155262.1 （quail） using DNAstar, A3, C1, D6 and E.2 presented nucleotide variations at site 21 （ R→Q）, 70, 71 （ KE→EG）, 86 （ A→S）, 124 （V→M） and 225 （ S→N）, and amino acid variations at site 21,70, 71 and 86 in dsRNA- dependent protein kinase （PKR） binding domain of NSl gene, which induced the evident variations of antigenic determinant and surface proba- bility plot of NS1 protein. [ Conclusion] This study suggested that the amino acid sequence variation in PKR binding domain of NS1 protein had something to do with the virus pathogenicity.

Expression of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus ORF7 Gene and Purification and Immunological Activity Analysis of the Recombinant Protein

[Objective] The aim of this study was to realize efficient expression of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （PRRSV） ORF7 gene in genetic engineering bacteria and analYze the immunological activity of the recombinant protein after purification. [ Method] The constructed recombinant expression vector pET-ORF7 was transformed into Escherichia co1BL21 （DE3） and induced by IPTG under the optimal condition. After analysis of SDS-PAGE and Western Blot, the expression products were purified by Ni-NTA His · Bind Resin chrom- atographic column under denaturing condition and renatured by gradient dialysis. Subsequently, the immunological activity of the renatured recombinant protein was detected by Westem Blot and indirect ELISA. [ Result] The recombinant plasmid pET-ORF7 expressed in E. coli successfully, and the fusion protein was in the form of inclusion body. By SDS-PAGE detection, the molecular weight of the expression protein was approximate 33 kD, according with the expectation. Analysis by Bandscan software showed that the expressed fusion protein was about 50% of total bacterial protein of BL21 （DE3）. Wastem Blot and indirect ELISA detection showed that the renatured protein could react with PRRSV positive serum specifically, indicating its good immunological activity. [ Conclusion] This study lays a foundation for the preparation of PRRSV monoclonal antibody and diagnostic kit.

Particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine rich protein expression in colorectal adenocarcinomas

AIM： To study the relationship between particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine rich protein （PINCH） expression and clinicopathological factors in Chinese colorectal cancer patients. METHODS： The expression of PINCH was examined by immumohistochemistry in 141 samples of primary colorectal adenocarcinoma and 92 normal samples of colorectal mucosa. Eighty of the cases had both primary tumour and normal mucosa from the same patients. RESULTS： PINCH was expressed in the stroma of normal mucosa and tumours. PINCH expression in tumourassociated stroma was increased compared to normal mucosa in both unmatched cases （n = 141, x^2 = 85.79, df = 3, P〈 0.0001） and matched cases （n =80, x^2= 45.86, df= 3, P〈 0.0001）. Among 135 tumours with visible invasive margin, 86 （64%） showed stronger PINCH expression at the invasive margin than in the intratumoural stroma. The frequency of PINCH strong expression in mucinous and signet-ring cell carcinomas was higher （52%） compared to non-mucinous carcinomas （29%, x^2=5.13, P= 0.02）. We did not find that PINCH expres- sion was related to patient＇s gender, age, tumour location, tumour size, gross status, histological type, differentiation, invasion depth, lymph node status and Dukes＇ stage （P 〉 0.05）.CONCLUSION： The expression of PINCH was upregulated in colorectal cancers, and especially at the margin of tumours, and further was related to mucinous and signet-ring cell carcinomas. The results suggest that expression of PINCH may be involved in the tumourigenesis and aggressiveness of colorectal cancers.

Evaluation of Antitumor,Immunomodulatory and Free Radical Scavenging Effects of A New Herbal Prescription Seaweed Complex Preparation

Seaweed Complex Preparation （SCP） is a clinical traditional Chinese medicine preparation which is composed of seven traditional Chinese herbs, and it has been used for treatment of lung cancer, liver cancer and digestive cancer. However, little infor- mation is available about the pharmacodynamic basis. The antitumor, immunomodulatory and free radical scavenging effects of SCP were evaluated in this study. Transplanted tumor in vivo method was used to determine the antitumor effect. The effects on spleno- cyte proliferation and phagocytosis of macrophages in tumor-bearing mice were measured by the MTT method and the phagocytizing cock red blood cell （CRBC） method respectively. The scavenging activities of SCP on DPPH and hydroxyl radicals in vitro were investigated. It was found that the medium-dose and high-dose of SCP could significantly inhibit the growth of transplanted hepatic tumor of murine hepatocarcinoma cell line H22, and promote proliferation of splenocytes and phagocytosis of macrophages. SCP possessed noticeable scavenging activities on DPPH and hydroxyl radicals. The antiturnor effects of SCP might be achieved by im- proving immune system and scavenging free radicals, which is in accordance with the viewpoint of traditional Chinese medicine in promoting the body resistance and eliminating pathogenic factors for cancer treatment.

Calculation of Maximum Allowable Free Span Length and Safety Assessment of the DF1-1 Submarine Pipeline

The DFI-1 submarine pipeline was investigated using a dual-frequency side-scan sonar and a swath sounder system. More than a hundred scour pits under the pipeline were found, most of which have caused the span of the pipeline to increase and threatened its safety. The maximum allowable free span length （MAFSL） of the pipeline was determined through the limitations re- garding maximum allowable stress under static or quasi-static loads and the onset of Vortex Induced Vibrations （VIV） under different hydrodynamic actions. The results show that the MAFSL under static conditions is 56m. However, the MAFSLs are 30m and 20m under ordinary weather conditions and hurricane-induced currents for the 100-year return period, respectively, to avoid VIV as cal- culated by using the highest safety class factor. It is suggested that spanning pipelines longer than 20 m should be supported. Addi- tionally, eight successive spans which may also threaten the pipeline were proposed. The most hazardous scour pits are along the pipeline section from KP42 to KP51.

Lymph node micrometastasis and its correlation with MMP-2 expression in gastric carcinoma

AIM： To examine matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2） expression in gastric cancer tissues and to evaluate its relationship with lymph node micrometastasis. MATERIALS： The authors studied 850 lymph nodes resected from 30 patients with gastric carcinoma who underwent gastrectomy with lymphadenetomy using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） assay in addition to H-E staining. MMP-2 expression of the tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemical technique （EliVision^TM plus）. RESULTS： MMP-2 expression was positive in 21 （70%） cases and negative in g （30%） cases. No significant correlations were found between MMP-2 expression and other variables such as age, gender, tumor location, tumor diameter, Lauren classification and lymphatic invasion. In contrast, MMP-2 expression correlated significantly with depth of tumor infiltration （P = 0.022）, lymph node metastasis （P = 0.030） and tumor differentiation （P = 0.043）. Lymph node micrometastases were detected in 77 （12.5%） lymph nodes of 14 （46.7%） gastric carcinoma patients. MMP-2 expression was positive in 12 （85.7%） of the 14 patients with lymph node micrometastasis, and in g （56.3%） of the 16 patients without lymph node micrometastasis （P = 0.118）. CONCLUSIONS： Our results demonstrate that MMP-2 expression has significant correlation with tumor invasion, tumor differentiation and lymph node metastases. MMP-2 expression may be an important biological characteristics and significant prognostic parameter of gastric carcinoma. We also conclude that MMP-2 may participate in the development of lymph node micrometastasis of gastric carcinoma. Further investigations are needed to draw a conclusion.

Expression of E-selectin, integrinβ_1 and immunoglobulin superfamily member in human gastric carcinoma cells and its clinicopathologic significance

AIM： To study the expression levels of E-selectin, integrin β1 and immunoglobulin supperfamily memberintercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） in human gastric carcinoma cells, and to explore the relationship between these three kinds of cell adhesion molecules and gastric carcinoma. METHODS： The serum contents of E-selectin, integrin β1 and ICAM-1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）, in 47 healthy individuals （control group） and in 57 patients with gastric carcinoma （gastric carcinoma group） respectively prior to operation and 7 d after operation. RESULTS： The serum E-selectin, ECAM-1 and integrin β1 were found to be expressed in both control and gastric carcinoma groups. However, they were highly expressed in patients with gastric carcinoma patients before operation or with unresectable tumours. The expression levels of ICAM-1 and integrin β1 were significantly higher in gastric carcinoma patients than in controls （P 〈 0.01）. A comparison of the E-selectin levels between the two groups showed statistically insignificant differnce （P = 0.64）. In addition, the expression levels were all decreased substantially in the postoperative patients subjected to radical resection of the tumours, indicating that the high level expressions of these compounds might be the important factor for predicting the prognosis of these patients. CONCLUSION： Serum E-selectin, ICAM-1 and integrin β1 expression levels are probably related to the metastasis and relapse of gastric cancer.

MUC5AC/β-catenin expression and KRAS gene alteration in laterally spreading colorectal tumors

AIM： To clarify differences in mucin phenotype, prolif- erative activity and oncogenetic alteration among sub- types of colorectal laterally spreading tumor （LST）. METHODS： LSTs, defined as superficial elevated lesions greater than 10 mm in diameter with a low vertical axis, were macroscopically classified into two subtypes： （1） a granular type （Gr-LST） composed of superficially spread- ing aggregates of nodules forming a fiat-based lesion with a granulonodular and uneven surface; and （2） a non-granular type （NGr-LST） with a flat smooth surface and an absence of granulonodular formation. A total of 69 LSTs, comprising 36 Gr-LSTs and 33 NGr-LSTs, were immunohistochemically stained with MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, CD10 （markers of gastrointestinal cell lineage）, p53, 13-catenin and Ki-67 antibodies, and examined for alteration in exon 1 of v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog （KRAS） and exon 15 of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B1 （BRAF） by poly- merase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing. RESULTS： Histologically, 15 Gr-LST samples were ad- enomas with low-grade dysplasia （LGD）, 12 were high- grade dysplasia （HGD） and 9 were adenocarcinomas invading the submucosa （INV）, while 12 NGr-LSTs demonstrated LGD, 14 HGD and 7 INV. In the proximal colon, MUC5AC expression was significantly higher in the Gr-type than the NGr-type. MUC6 was expressed only in NGr-LST. MUC2 or CD10 did not differ. P53 ex- pression demonstrated a significant stepwise increment in progression through LGD-HGD-INV with both types of LST. Nuclear β-catenin expression was significantly higher in the NGr-type. Ki-67 expression was signifi- cantly higher in the Gr-type in the lower one third zone of the tumor. In proximal, but not distal colon tumors, the incidence of KRAS provided mutation was signifi- cantly higher in the Gr-type harboring a specific muta- tional pattern （G12V）. BRAF mutations （V600E） were detected only in two Gr-LSTs. CONCLUSION： The two subtypes of LST, especially in the proximal colon, have differing phenotypes of gastrointestinal cell lineage, proliferation and activa- tion of Wnt/β-catenin or RAS/RAF/extracellular signal- regulated kinase signaling.

Methylation of TIMP3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AIM: To measure the frequency of DNA methylation of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) promoter and relate this to any change of gene expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in patients from a region of high incidence in China.METHODS: Cancer cell lines were treated with or without the demethylating reagent 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine. Methylation of the TIMP3 promoter was assessed in three regions by melt curve analysis and its expression was assessed by real-time RT-PCR. Tumors and proximal resection margins were obtained from 64 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from a region of high incidence in China. Methylation was assessed by melt curve analysis and expression by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Methylation in one of the three promoter regions assessed correlated with gene silencing in esophageal cell lines. A degree of methylation of TIMP3 was found in only four esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, and partial loss of TIMP3 protein expression in just one.CONCLUSION: Methylation and loss of expression of TIMP3 occurs infrequently in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a region of high incidence in China.

An unusual enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma with MYC translocation arising in a Japanese patient:A case report

Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma （EATL） is a rare peripheral T-cell lymphoma classified into 2 types, with or without celiac disease, based on histology. Type 2 EATL is less commonly associated with celiac disease, in which cells are characterized by being monomorphic and small- to medium-sized. Cells are characterized by CD8 and CD56 expression and c-MYC oncogene locus gain. We present an atypical case of type 2 EATL in the jejunum, with human T-lymphotropic virus-1 that was CD4- CDS＋ CD56- CD30- CD25- TIA-I＋ and granzyme B＋ on immunohistological staining. It also displayed translocation of chromosome 8p24 （c-MYC）, as de- termined by fluorescent/n situ hybridization. Mucosalspreading and intraepithelial invasion by lymphoma with villous atrophy were detected adjacent to the mucosal layer. The lymphoma may be derived from in- traepithelial CD8＋ T cells, similar to celiac disease.

Genes of the adaptive immune system are expressed early in zebrafish larval development following lipopolysaccharide stimulation

Information regarding immunocompetence of the adaptive immune system （AIS） in zebrafish Danio rerio remains limited. Here, we stimulated an immune response in fish embryos, larvae and adults using lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and measured the upregulation of a number of AIS-related genes （Rag2, AID, TCRAC, IgLC-1, mIg, slg, IgZ and DAB） 3 and 18 h later. We found that all of the genes evaluated were strongly induced following LPS stimulation, with most of them responding at 8 d post fertilization. This confirms that a functional adaptive immune response is present in D. rerio larvae, and provides a window for further functional analyses.

Identification of methylation profile of HOX genes in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

AIM:To identify methylation profile and novel tumor marker of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)with high throughout microarray.METHODS:Differential methylation profile was compared between normal bile duct epithelial cell lines and CCA cell lines by methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP)microarray.Bisulfite-polymerase chain reaction (BSP)was performed to identify the methylated allels of target genes.Expression of target genes was investigated before and after the treatment with DNA demethylating agent.Expression of candidate genes was also evaluated by immunofluorescence in 30 specimens of CCA tissues and 9 normal bile duct tissues.RESULTS:Methylation profile of CCA was identified with MeDIP microarray in the respects of different gene functions and signaling pathways.Interestingly,97 genes with hypermethylated CpG islands in the promoter region were homeobox genes.The top 5 hypermethylated homeobox genes validated by BSP were HOXA2(94.29%),HOXA5(95.38%),HOXA11 (91.67%),HOXB4(90.56%)and HOXD13(94.38%).Expression of these genes was reactivated with 5’-aza2’-deoxycytidine.Significant expression differences were found between normal bile duct and extrahepatic CCA tissues(66.67%-100%vs 3.33%-10%).CONCLUSION:HOXA2,HOXA5,HOXA11,HOXB4 and HOXD13 may work as differential epigenetic biomarkers between malignant and benign biliary tissues.

Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Its Relation to Angiogenesis and Prognosis

Objective： The purpose of this study was to evaluate cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） and its correlation with clinicopathologic features, angiogenesis, and prognosis. Methods： The expressions of COX-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and microvascular density （MVD） were determined with immunohistochemical methods in eighty-six NPC patients followed up over 5 years. Results： Sixty-three tumors （73.3%） were classified as COX-2 positive. COX-2 expression was positively related to VEGF expression （r=0.438, P〈0.01） and correlated with the tumor pathological grade, extent of primary lesion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and shorter survival. Conclusion： Our results suggest that COX-2, being highly expressed and strongly correlated with angiogenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, is apt to be used as a predictor of prognosis, including local recurrence and distant metastasis.