基兰·伊根认知理论下的王崧舟文言文教学设计

《义务教育语文课程标准(2022年版)》课程目标中提出,文化自信是语文学科核心素养主要方面之一,再加上统编版教材文言文课文的增多与提前等因素,传统的文言文教学势必迎来新的改革。王崧舟先后推出的文言文教学课例,以其浓浓的文化气息、感性的教学方式,引起了学者和老师们的关注。以基兰·伊根认知工具理论为主要依据,剖析王崧舟文言文教学设计的共性,在理论及实践方面对小学文言文教学改革有所裨益。

失落之遗产——《失落》中主要人物的文化身份

2006年,印度女作家基兰·德赛(Kiran Desai)凭借小说《失落》摘得该年度布克奖,2007年又获得第33届美国国家书评奖最佳小说奖。通过分析《失落》中主要人物的文化身份困惑,本文将揭示殖民及后殖民统治给殖民地人民带来的无法摆脱的精神创伤。

尼联共(毛)分裂的原因、影响及其发展前景

尼联共(毛)党内强硬派和温和派的路线斗争由来已久。两派在若干重大问题上的分歧尖锐化是2012年该党分裂的直接原因,而普拉昌达与温和派的联手和革命国际运动的推波助澜也对尼联共(毛)的分裂起到了推动作用。尼联共(毛)的分裂极大地削弱了尼联共(毛)的力量,并将对尼泊尔政局以及尼泊尔与印度的国内安全形势产生不利影响。尼联共(毛)未来发展面临着严峻的挑战。

印度第一富婆发家史

1978年，基兰马宗达，肖把自家车库改成小作坊，开始从木瓜中提取生化酶，那时，几乎没有几十印度人听说过“生物科技”这个名词，而现在，基兰的公司已经成功上市，跻身世界级生物技术公司行列，她本人则成为印度最富有的女性。

A Rapid and Efficient Method for Preparing Genomic DNA from Microbacterium sp.

A new method was used to preparing genomic DNA from Microbacterium sp.quickly and efficiently.DNA quantity and purity was measured by UV absorbance.Integrity of the genomic DNA was tested by agarose gel eletrophoresis.The DNA prepared by this method was sufficiently pure for PCR.This method saves time and cost,practices easily as well.

Adaptive Evolution of Large Subunits of RubisCO in Magnoliophyta Crops

[Objective] The aim was to study adaptive evolution of the large subunits of RubisCO in Magnoliophyta crops. [Method] Taking Magnoliophyta crops such as corn and rice as research materials, the analysis on molecular adaptive evolution was carded out by using codon replacement and maximum likelihood methods. [ Result] The RubisCO suffered positive selection effect and six amino acid sites were identified. [ Conclusion] The six amino acid sites are of important guiding significance for studying catalytic activity of RubisCO large subunits and crop improvement.

Characteristics of Pollen Germination and Storage of Zygocactus truncates

The research, based on pol ens of Zygocactus truncates during ful-bloom period, selected suitable culture medium and temperature for pol en germination and explored the effects of storage temperatures and pol en col ection methods on pol en vitality of Zygocactus truncates and the results showed that the culture medium containing 200 g/L saccharose, 20 mg/L boric acid, and 20 mg/L calcium chloride is suitable for pol en germination of Zygocactus truncates; when the temperature kept below 20 ℃, pol en germination period last short, and germination rate kept higher;pol en germination performed better with filaments, and pol en tube grew wel .

Study on Origin and Evolution of Polyploids in Parakmeria Hu et Cheng Using LEAFY Gene

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the origin and evolution of poly- poids in Parakmeria Hu et Cheng through LEAFY gene clone and sequence analysis. [Method] In this study, LEAFY gene in Parakmeria species and its relative genera was cloned and sequenced using molecular biology methods. With reference to LEAFY gene sequence published by NCBI, the origin pattern of polypoids in Parakmeria was explored and reasons for the distribution layout of different polypoids were analyzed through sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis. [Result] Different Magnoliaceae species can be distinguished using the LEAFY gene, and there was a length polymorphism found in the 3＋ end of the LEAFY gene, which can be used to divide Magnoliaceae plants of different species or in different genera, thus of high application value. [Conclusion] Most Parakmeria tetraploids are produced by polyploidization of homologous chromosomes, while Parakmeria hexaploids are chiefly produced by both polyploidization of homologous chromosomes and heterologous hybridization.

Transcription analysis of peloric mutants of Phalaenopsis orchids derived from tissue culture

Tissue culture has been widely used for mass propagation of Phalaenopsis. However, somaclonal variation occurred during micropropagation process posed a severe problem by affecting product quality. In this study, wild type and peloric flower buds of Phalaenopsis hybrids derived from flower stalk nodal culture were used for cDNA-RAPD and cDNA suppression subtractive hybridization analyses in order to study their genetic difference in terms of expressed sequence tags. A total of 209 ESTs from normal flower buds and 230 from mutants were sequenced. These ESTs sequences can be grouped into several functional categories involved in different cellular processes including metabolism, signal transduction, transcription, cell growth and division, protein synthesis, and protein localization, and into a subcat- egory of proteins with unknown function. Cymbidium mosaic virus transcript was surprisingly found expressed fre- quently in the peloric mutant of P. Little Mary. Real-time RT-PCR analysis on selected ESTs showed that in mutant flower buds, a bZIP transcription factor (TGA1a-like protein) was down-regulated, while up-regulated genes include auxin-regulated protein kinase, cyclophilin, and TCP-like genes. A retroelement clone was also preferentially expressed in the peloric mutant flowers. On the other hand, ESTs involved in DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and post- transcriptional regulation, such as DNA methyltransferase, histone acetyltransferase, ERECTA, and DEAD/DEAH RNA helicase, were enriched in normal flower buds than the mutants. The enriched transcripts in the wild type indicate the down regulation of these transcripts in the mutants, and vice versa. The potential roles of the analyzed transcripts in the development of Phalaenopsis flowers are discussed.

Selection of oocytes for in vitro maturation by brilliant cresyl blue staining： a study using the mouse model

Selecting oocytes that are most likely to develop is crucial for in vitro fertilization and animal cloning. Brilliant cresyl blue （BCB） staining has been used for oocyte selection in large animals, but its wider utility needs further evaluation. Mouse oocytes were divided into those stained （BCB＋） and those unstained （BCB-） according to their ooplasm BCB coloration. Chromatin configurations, cumulus cell apoptosis, cytoplasmic maturity and developmental competence were compared between the BCB＋ and BCB- oocytes. The effects of oocyte diameter, sexual maturity and gonadotropin stimulation on the competence of BCB＋ oocytes were also analyzed. In the large- and medium-size groups, BCB＋ oocytes were larger and showed more surrounded nucleoli （SN） chromatin configurations and higher frequencies of early atresia, and they also gained better cytoplasmic maturity （determined as the intracellular GSH level and pattern of mitochondrial distribution） and higher developmental potential after in vitro maturation （IVM） than the BCB-oocytes. Adult mice produced more BCB＋ oocytes with higher competence than the prepubertal mice when not primed with PMSG. PMSG priming increased both proportion and developmental potency of BCB＋ oocytes. The BCB＋ oocytes in the large-size group showed more SN chromatin configurations, better cytoplasmic maturity and higher developmental potential than their counterparts in the medium-size group. It is concluded that BCB staining can be used as an efficient method for oocyte selection, but that the competence of the BCB＋ oocytes may vary with oocyte diameter, animal sexual maturity and gonadotropin stimulation. Taken together, the series of criteria described here would allow for better choices in selecting oocytes for better development.

ADSORPTION OF METHYLENE BLUE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION ON ATTAPULGITE

Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution using attapulgite as adsorbent. The effects of various parameters such as temperature, contact time, the pH value, and attapulgite dosage on the adsorption performance were investigated. The standard curve and regression equation were established by spectrophotometry. The adsorption experimental results showed that the adsorption equilibrium data were well in accord with Langmuir adsorptive model. The optimal result was acquired under the experimental condition of attapulgite dosage 0.18g, MB concentration 50.0mg/L, pH 10, and adsorption time 20min at room temperature.

Terminal Inflorescence and Restricted Branching Genes in Lupins （L. albus L., L. angustifolius L., L. luteus L.） and Field Bean （Vicia faba L.） Breeding in Poland

The objective of this paper is to present a new ideotype of grain legume cultivar and show improvements in breeding from the introduction of the terminal inflorescence （ti） gene in field bean, and the introduction of the restricted branching （rb） gene in three lupin crops--narrow-leafed lupin, white lupin and yellow lupin. Field trials using control cultivars were conducted at the Research Center for Cultivar Testing in Poland. For each species, different trial periods were selected in which new cultivars with ti/rb genes were registered. A breeding progress was estimated by a comparison of a new cultivar to control--bridge cultivar to the next trial period. Over the past twenty years cultivar improvement using ti/rb genes has proceeded differently in these species. The newest, self-completing legume cultivars have yields comparable to traditional ones and generally are earlier and more uniform when mature. This paper shows that breeding progress in rb yellow lupin is outstanding; in rb narrow-leafed lupin and ti field bean is favorable; and in rb white lupin is moderate.

An international program on Silk Road Disaster Risk Reduction--a Belt and Road initiative (2016-2020)

Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) is a Chinese national strategy which calls for cooperative economic, political and cultural exchange at the global level along the ancient Silk Road. The overwhelming natural hazards located along the belt and road bring great challenges to the success of BRI. In this framework, a 5-year international program was launched to address issues related to hazards assessment and disaster risk reduction(DRR). The first workshop of this program was held in Beijing with international experts from over 15 countries. Risk conditions on Belt and Road Countries(BRCs) have been shared and science and technology advancements on DRR have been disseminated during the workshop. Under this program, six task forces have been setup to carry out collaborative research works and three prioritized study areas have been established. This workshop announced the launching of this program which involved partners from different countries including Pakistan, Nepal, Russia, Italy, United Kingdom, Sri Lanka and Tajikistan. The program adopted the objectives of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 and United Nation Sustainable Development Goals 2030 and was implemented to assess disaster risk in BRCs and to propose suitable measures for disaster control which can be appropriate both for an individual country and for specific sites. This paper deals with the outcomes of the workshop and points out opportunities for the near future international cooperation on this matter.

Fra-1 protooncogene regulates IL-6 expression in macrophages and promotes the generation of M2d macrophages

The tumor microenvironment （TME） plays a prominent role in the growth of tumor cells. As the major inflammatory component of the TME, M2d macrophages are educated by the TME such that they adopt an immunosnppressive role that promotes tumor metastasis and progression. Fra-1 forms activator protein-1 heterodimers with Jun partners and drives gene transcription. Fra-1 is thought to drastically induce tumorigenesis and progression. However, the functional role of Fra-1 in the generation of M2d macrophages is poorly understood to date. Here, we demonstrate that 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells, when co-cultured with RAW264.7 macrophage cells, skew the RAW264.7 macrophage cell differentiation into M2d macrophages. The 4T1 cells stimulate de novo overexpression of Fra-1 in RAW264.7 cells, and then Fra-1 binds to the interleukin 6 （IL-6） promoter to increase the production of the cytokine IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells. IL-6 acts in an autocrine fashion to skew RAW264.7 macrophage cell differentiation into M2d macrophages. These findings open new insights into how to reverse M2d macrophage-induced immune tolerance to improve the efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches.

Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Performances of Pyridinium Ionic Liquids in the Allylic Oxidation of Ionone-like Dienes

The combination of relatively low-cost ionic liquids, simple copper salt, and terminal oxidant tert-butyl hydroperoxide provided an efficient and environmentally friendly approach to the preparation of ionone-like dienones. Six pyridinium ionic liquids were evaluated in allylic oxidation of α-ionone and β-ionone. The 60%-70% yields of 3-oxo-α-ionone were obtained with 0.02 0.20 mmol of CuCl2·2H2O as catalyst, 3-5 mmol of tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant and 1 g of [Bpy]PF6 as solvent for 4-20 h at 60℃. The facile recovery and recycle of catalyst were also achieved. More significantly, peculiar phase behaviors of [Bpy]PF6 and [Epy]PF6 offered the catalytic system advantages of homogeneous reaction and heterogeneous separation. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） images of [Bpy]PF6 provided evidences for the behaviors. Transmission electron microscope （TEM） micrographs showed copper salt nanoparticles catalyst formed and stabilized in pyridinium ionic liquids.

A Study on the Application of Agricultural Residue in Cultivation Substrate of Orchid

Five different substrates were prepared using oyster mushroom residue,rice straw,peat soil,pine bark,volcanic rock and perlite.Orchids(variety Chunjian)were cultivated on these five substrates with substrate being made from aseptic residue and straw as the control.The changes of physical and chemical properties of substrates and the growth of orchids were observed after three months.The results showed that the physical and chemical characters of the treatments and the control each had its own advantage,and there were no significant differences in the cultivation effects of all treatments.Therefore,the mushroom residue and decomposed rice straw are good substitutes for peat soil as soilless culture substrate in orchid cultivation.This research provides a scientific basis for the transformation of agricultural wastes into useful materials and can greatly stimulate the development of related industries.

Effectiveness of Disinfection of Anesthetics Tubes in Oral Surgery -An in Vitro Study

Context： Anesthetic tubes are always on the surgical table, for this reason, it＇s necessary to perform its disinfection, generally by chemicals. Aim： Was to analyze the effectiveness of tubes decontamination made by disinfectant substances used in a clinical setting and to identify the microorganisms found on their surface. Materials and Methods： 14 anesthetic tubes were collected from dental clinic, on 5 groups. 01 plastic and 01 glass tubes that were not submitted to any disinfection process composed the control group and they had been sown in Agar Blood. Experimental groups underwent immersion and fixation with the proposed chemicals for 1 minute, laminar flow hood was used to seed it in Agar Blood and then it was transferred to incubator for 24 hours at 37℃. Tests were used to identify the main Gram positive pathogenic genera. Gram-negative pathogenic colonies isolated were seeded in biochemical means of identification. Results： It was possible to identify the presence of Staphylococcus coagulase negative, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter spp, as well as the effectiveness of chemical solutions proposed in this study. Conclusions： All chemical solutions proposed in this study were effective for the surface disinfection process of anesthetic tubes.

Composition of Gentamicin C Components in Gentamicin Sulphate Generics Commonly Used in Small Animal Practice in Nigeria

Gentamicin is one of the commonly used antibiotics in small animal practice in Nigeria. Fake and substandard drugs are responsible for high cost in both economic terms and lives lost. For decades, Nigeria has been flooded by counterfeit and poor-quality medicines. Because of the variations in gentamicin C components in different formulations and the effect of this on its efficacy and toxicity, this study was designed to evaluate the percentage of each of the major components of gentamicin C in some injectable gentamicin sulphate generics commonly used in small animal practice in Nigeria. Of the 22 multisource generics of injectable gentamicin sulphate samples analyzed for percentage content of gentamicin C major components using USP HPLC （United States Pharmacopoeia high performance liquid chromatography） method, 95.5% （21 ） met the USP specification. This suggests that there is a significant improvement in the monitoring of quality of drugs marketed in Nigeria, including gentamicin sulphate. Nevertheless, considering the propensity of the manufacturers adjusting their manufacturing processes following product＇s registration by the regulatory body, there is still the need for regular surveillance of drug products by batches to ensure their efficacy and safety.

Sustaining Dakwah Movement： A Study of KAMMI Alumni Role in Democratic Era of Indonesia

This paper examines an empirical evidence of a frame continuation performed by KAMMI alumni, a contemporary Indonesian Islamic social movement organization. The concepts of ＂frame continuation＂ and ＂value-based identity＂ can be used as theoretical foundation to explore and explain the phenomena of dakwah movement performed by the alumni of KAMMI. Field research on KAMMI alumni role provides the primary empirical foundation for investigating frame continuation, a sustainability of the dakwah movement beyond students＇ movement organization. Discussion about KAMMI alumni＇s role provides empirical evidences about how they have strong commitment on either political or religious activities （or both） as their strategies to maintain and continue their previous identity as both political and religious activists. The main foundation for their activism is a value of dakwah （proselytizing）, in which Islamic values are believed to be a suitable vehicle for constructing a sacred society in democratic era of Indonesia. The KAMMI alumni believe their movement is a significant religious duty.