SLC2A9基因rs7349721位点多态性及基因—环境交互与痛风易感性的关系

目的探讨SLC2A9基因rs7349721位点多态性及基因—环境交互与痛风易感性的关系。方法选取314例痛风男性患者(痛风组)和507例健康体检男性(对照组),采集受试者外周静脉血,采用PCR法检测SLC2A9基因rs7349721位点多态性。采用Logistic回归分析法及叉生分析法分析不同临床病理特征对痛风发病的影响,不同遗传模型痛风易感性及基因—环境的相乘、相加交互作用。结果痛风组SLC2A9基因rs7349721位点AA、AT基因型及等位基因型A分布低于对照组,TT基因型及等位基因型T分布高于对照组(P均<0.05)。血尿酸、血糖、舒张压为痛风发病的危险因素(P均<0.05,OR均>1.00),规律运动为痛风发病的保护因素(P<0.05,OR<1.00)。加性遗传模型中TT为痛风发病的危险因素OR=1.73,95%CI为1.14~2.63,隐性遗传模型中AA+AT为痛风发病的保护因素OR=0.66,95%CI为0.49~0.89。SLC2A9基因rs7349721位点AT+TT基因型与规律运动在相加和相乘交互模型中均为痛风发病的保护因素(P<0.05,OR<1.00)。结论SLC2A9基因rs7349721位点多态性与痛风易感性存在关联,且不同遗传模型与规律运动对痛风易感性存在交互作用。

非自杀性自伤的认知神经与遗传学机制

非自杀性自伤(non-suicidal self-injury,NSSI)是指没有自杀目的的、有意及直接伤害自己身体组织的行为。NSSI流行率在世界各地大都越来越高,NSSI已成为当前全球性重大公共卫生问题之一。现有研究主要从功能性磁共振成像、脑电图、事件相关电位、遗传学等方法视角探究了NSSI的认知神经与遗传学机制。未来的研究首先需要结合情绪控制和认知控制来探究NSSI的认知神经机制,特别是相关脑区之间的连接;其次,需要在进一步探索NSSI遗传易感性位点基础上,从基因—环境相互作用(包括基因—环境交互作用和基因—环境关联作用),特别是多基因—多环境相互作用等视角揭示NSSI的行为遗传学机制;最后,需要基于“基因—环境—脑—行为”框架开展多视角的系统研究,深入揭示基因和环境共同影响NSSI的认知神经机制。

Plant Anthocyanin Synthesis and Gene Regulation

This paper aims to explain the biochemistry of anthocyanin synthesis based on an overview of plant anthocyanin synthesis genes and environmental factors in the regulation of anthocyanin metabolism. The results show that： ① The metabolism of anthocyanins in plants is affected by the temperature, light, ultraviolet, fertilization status, hormone levels and other factors, which affect the military anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, and then induce or inhibit the synthesis of anthocyanins. ② In the regulation of genes, some of the structural genes of anthocyanin synthesis showed promoting effect, while others showed inhibitory effect. At different environ- mental conditions, the regulation of gene activation and inhibition of the amount of different regulatory genes that anthocyanin accumulation is different, and cause different colors of plant-organs production. ③ In different environmental factors or hor-mones induced to produce the same or different regulation of gene expression changes in regulatory genes, resulting in several different anthocyanins or anthocyanin ratio changes, so that the color of plant organs in different colors.

Effects of Soil and Environment on Quality Traits of Purple-fleshed Sweetpotato

For the study of main traits of purple-flashed sweetpotato in different soil and ecological environments, 18 cultivars of purple-flashed sweetpotato with different enthocyenin contents were planted at Yancheng and Xuzhou separately. The main quality traits were determined. The results showed the quality traits of purple-fleshed sweetpotato were significantly influenced by soil and ecological environments. Geno- type （G）, environment （E） and genotype x environment （GxE） interaction had signif- icantiy effects on the contents of anthocyanin, dry matter, starch, protein, reducing sugar and soluble sugar in storage roots. Anthocyanin content was most easily af- fected by the environment. The E effect on anthocyanin content was greater than G and GxE effects. However, the GxE interaction effects on other 5 quality traits were greater than G and E effects. The 6 quality traits were significantly different at 1% level under different environments respectively. The contents of dry matter, starch and anthocyenin were higher in Yancheng than in Xuzhou, while the contents of protein, reducing sugar and soluble sugar were higher in Xuzhou. The variation co- efficients of all quality traits at Yancheng and Xuzhou were in the same order： an- sugar〉protein〉starch, the variation coefficient of anthocyanin content was higher in Xuzhou, and the variation coefficients of other 5 traits were higher in Yancheng. Correlation analysis showed that the reducing sugar and solu- ble sugar contents were negatively correlated with starch content, and had no sig- nifiant correlation with anthocyanin and protein contents. Dry matter content and starch content were positively correlated, and anthocyanin content and other quality traits had no significant correlation.

Advances in the Regulation of RpoS Protein Expression and Its Function in Bacteria

RpoS protein is a σ factor of RNA polymerase that can control the expression of a group-specific gene, thus playing a vital role in bacteria. In bacteria, RpoS expression is under strict control and is mainly regulated at three levels： transcription level, translation level and post-translational level. Environmental stress enters bacterial cells through signal transduction and leads to a series of variations in microenvironment, thereby causing changes of regulator and controlling its levels based on the direct and indirect interaction between regulator and RpoS protein. In addition, RpoS protein has played special roles in bacteria, therefore the changes of RpoS protein levels will lead to variations in expression levels of a large number of genes, thereby causing variations of bacterial response to different environmental stress and changes of certain characteristics of bacteria, which provides a new strategy for the control of bacterial diseases in the future. This paper reviewed the recent progress on the regulation of RpoS protein expression and its function in several common bacteria. Due to the functional complexity of RpoS protein, there are still a lot of unknown functions to be further identified.

Analysis on Interaction between Genotype of Four Main Flavonoids of Barley Grain and Environment

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the interaction between genotype of flavonoids of barley grain and environment, to increase the flavonoid content of barley grain in cultivation and breeding. [Method] In this study, the content of cate- chin, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol of barley grain planted in Kunming, Qujing and Baoshan were determined by HPLC, and the genotype, environment, genotype- environment interaction of the flavonoid content of barley grain were analyzed. [Result] According to the experimental results, the genotype variance, environmental variance and G x E interaction variance of catechin and kaempferol contents show the same trend： genotype variation 〉 environmental variation 〉 G × E interaction variation, which all reach a extremely significant level; the genotype variance, envi- ronmental variance and G × E interaction variance of quercetin and total flavonoid contents show the same trend： genetype variation 〉 G × E interaction variation 〉 environmental variation, which all reach a extremely significant level; the genotype variance and environmental variance of myricetin content both reach a extremely sig- nificant level, while the G × E interaction variance reaches a significant level, showing an order of genotype variation 〉 environmental variation 〉 G × E interaction variation; the genotype variance, environmental variance and G x E interaction vari- ance of total flavonoid content show an order of genotype variation 〉 environmental variation 〉 G × E interaction variation. Among different barley varieties, Ziguang- mangluoerling and Kuanyingdamai in Qujing, Kunming and Baoshan have relatively high content of quercetin, while other barley varieties barely contain any quercetin. The grains of Ziguangmangluoerling and Kuanyingdamai are purple, while the grains of other barley varieties are yellow. [Conclusion] Four main flavonoids and the total flavonoids of barley grain are mainly under genetic control and affected by genetic- environment interactions; the purple barley grains contain high content of quercetin.

Analysis of Genetic Effects of Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Interaction on Quantitative Traits:Genetic Model for Diploid Plants

A genetic model was proposed for simultaneously analyzing genetic effects of nuclear, cytoplasm, and nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction （NCI） as well as their genotype by environment （GE） interaction for quantitative traits of diploid plants. In the model, the NCI effects were further partitioned into additive and dominance nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction components. Mixed linear model approaches were used for statistical analysis. On the basis of diallel cross designs, Monte Carlo simulations showed that the genetic model was robust for estimating variance components under several situations without specific effects. Random genetic effects were predicted by an adjusted unbiased prediction （AUP） method. Data on four quantitative traits （boll number, lint percentage, fiber length, and micronaire） in Upland cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） were analyzed as a worked example to show the effectiveness of the model.

Question and Countermeasure Research of Human Living Environment Designs in New Countries

In the view of new rural living environment,problems existing in the construction of current new rural living environment were analyzed so as to propose some theoretical ideas and ways for resolving the problems existing in the design of new rural living environment.

Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 Gene Deletion Associated with Increased Susceptibility to Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Objective： To evaluate the association of Glutathione S-transferase （GST） M1 and T1 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） in a high risk area of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region （province）, Southwest of China. Methods： A case-control study was conducted to investigate the genetic polymorphisms of these enzymes （GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes）. A total of 127 NPC cases and 207 controls were recruited. Results： GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype frequencies were higher among NPC patients at a level of statistical significance （P〈0.005; P〈0.001 respectively）, and both GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype were even more significant （P〈0.001）. Conclusion： NPC is the most common cancer in Guangxi. GST enzymes are involved in the detoxification of many environmental carcinogens. Homozygous deletions of GSTM1 and GSTT1 have been associated with several types of cancer. The risk to develop NPC has been associated with environmental factors such as cigarette smoking and EB virus infection. The present results indicate that the GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms are associated with an increase risk of susceptibility to NPC, and both detoxific enzyme genes deletion is more important than a single gene deletion for the susceptibility to NPC.

Genotypic and environmental variation in cadmium, chromium, arsenic, nickel, and lead concentrations in rice grains

Genotypic and environmental variation in Cd, Cr, As, Ni and Pb concentrations of grains, and the relationships between these heavy metals and Fe, Zn were investigated using 9 rice genotypes grown in 6 locations for two successive years. Significant genotypic variation was detected in the five heavy metal concentrations in grains, indicating the possibility to reduce the concentration of these heavy metals in grains through breeding approach. The environmental effect varied with metal, with Pb and Ni having greater variation than the other three metals. There was significant genotype-environment (location) interaction of the concentrations of all five heavy metals in grains, suggesting the importance of cultivar choice in producing rice with low heavy metal concentrations in grains for a given location. Correlation analysis showed that Cd and As, Cr and Ni, and As and Pb con-centrations in rice grains were closely associated, and that Ni concentration in grains was negatively correlated with Zn concen-tration.

Genotypic and environmental variation in barley limit dextrinase activity and its relation to malt quality

Variation in the limit dextrinase activity of barley malt, and the relationships between limit dextrinase activity and malt quality parameters were investigated using eight cultivars grown at seven diverse locations in China for two successive years. Limit dextrinase activity varied with genotype and location, with the levels ranging from 0.245 U/g to 0.980 U/g. The results showed that the variation in limit dextrinase activity was more attributable to the environment (location and year) than to the genotype. The response of limit dextrinase activity to the environment differed markedly among cultivars, and was reflected by large difference in coefficient of variation of cultivars across diverse locations. Regression analysis showed that limit dextrinase activity was negatively correlated with malt viscosity (r=?0.52, P<0.01), positively correlated with Kolbach index (r=0.38, P<0.01) and malt extract (r=0.30, P<0.05), but had no significant correlation with malt protein content and diastatic power.

Identification and characterization of new plant microRNAs using EST analysis

Seventy-five previously known plant microRNAs (miRNAs) were classified into 14 families according to their gene sequence identity. A total of 18,694 plant expressed sequence tags (EST) were found in the GenBank EST databases by comparing all previously known Arabidopsis miRNAs to GenBank’s plant EST databases with BLAST algorithms. After removing the EST sequences with high numbers (more than 2) of mismatched nucleotides, a total of 812 EST contigs were identified. After predicting and scoring the RNA secondary structure of the 812 EST sequences using mFold software, 338 new potential miRNAs were identified in 60 plant species. miRNAs are widespread. Some microRNAs may highly conserve in the plant kingdom, and they may have the same ancestor in very early evolution. There is no nucleotide substitution in most miRNAs among many plant species. Some of the new identified potential miRNAs may be induced and regulated by environmental biotic and abiotic stresses. Some may be preferentially expressed in specific tissues, and are regulated by developmental switching. These findings suggest that EST analysis is a good alternative strategy for identifying new miRNA candidates, their targets, and other genes. A large number of miRNAs exist in different plant species and play important roles in plant developmental switching and plant responses to environmental abiotic and biotic stresses as well as signal transduction. Environmental stresses and developmental switching may be the signals for synthesis and regulation of miRNAs in plants. A model for miRNA induction and expression, and gene regulation by miRNA is hypothesized.

Analysis on Interaction Effects Between Variety and Site of Silage Maize Regional Test in Guizhou Province

Taking the yield in the second group of Guizhou silage maize regional test in 2019 as data information, 8 experimental sites and 12 silage maize varieties as experimental objects, the interaction effect between gene and environment was analyzed by using AMMI model. The results showed that the average fresh weight yield of each variety was 3 199.5~3 976.6 kg/667m^(2), among them, 5 varieties had an increase in the yield. Variety variation accounted for 10.51% of the total variation;experimental site variation accounted for 63.22% of the total variation;interaction effect variation between gene and environment accounted for 26.28% of the total variation;IPCA1 and IPCA2 variation accounted for 50.7% and 31.2% of the interaction variation, respectively;IPCA3 variation accounted for 7.25% of the interaction variation. g_4, g_8, g_9, g_10, g_11 and g_12 had better adaptability to e_1, e_2, e_6 and e_7;while g_1, g_2, g_3, g_5, g_6 and g_7 had better adaptability to e_3, e_4, e_5 and e_8. In consideration of yield, g_1(Huinongqing 2) and g_9(Xinyu 666) were silage maize varieties with high and stable yield;g_3(Hemuyu 905), g_8(Wuhuayu 3) and g_11(Liangdu 191) had general stability, and their yield was higher than that of the control;g_12(Jinduyu 999) had the worst stability and low yield.

Genetic Basis of Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer is the result of multiple risk factors,including environmental factors,genetic factors and the interaction between them.The environmental factors mainly include dietary,Helicobacter pylori infection and family history of gastric cancer.Genetic factors mainly refer to the susceptible genes that cause epigenetic alterations in oncogenes,tumor suppress genes,cell cycle regulators,DNA repair genes and signaling molecules.This paper summarizes the susceptible genes of gastric cancer and explores the genetic basis of it.

Polymorphisms of DNA repair genes XRCC1 and XRCC3, interaction with environmental exposure and risk of chronic gastritis and gastric cancer

AIM： TO evaluate the association between poly- morphisms XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399GIn and XRCC3 Thr241Met and the risk for chronic gastritis and gastric cancer, in a Southeastern Brazilian population. METHODS： Genotyping by PCR-RFLP was carried out on 202 patients with chronic gastritis （CG） and 160 patients with gastric cancer （GC）, matched to 202 （Cl） and 150 （C2） controls, respectively. RESULTS： No differences were observed among the studied groups with regard to the genotype distribution of XRCC1 codons 194 and 399 and of XRCC3 codon 241. However, the combined analyses of the three variant alleles （194Trp, 399Gin and 241Met） showed an increased risk for chronic gastritis when compared to the GC group. Moreover, an interaction between the polymorphic alleles and demographic and environmental factors was observed in the CG and GC groups. XRCC1 194Trp was associated with smoking in the CG group, while the variant alleles XRCC1 399Gin and XRCC3 241Met were related with gender, smoking, drinking and Hpylori infection in the CG and GC groups. CONCLUSION： Our results showed no evidence of a rela-tionship between the polymorphisms XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln and XRCC3 Thr241Met and the risk of chronic gastritis and gastric cancer in the Brazilianpopulation, but the combined effect of these variants may interact to increase the risk for chronic gastritis, considered a premalignant lesion. Our data also indicate a gene-environment interaction in the susceptibility to chronic gastritis and gastric cancer.

Sex Determination Mechanisms in Fish

In fish,sex determination(SD) system shows high variation. The SD mechanisms include environmental and genetic regulation. The research on SD system and related genes in intensively studied fish species was reviewed. Although some genes have been described as sex-related,only DMRT1bY can be considered as a master sex determination gene and none of them has been utilized in aquaculture. The variation of fish SD system,the importance of sex-related genes in evolution research and the relations between environmental factors and sex-related genes were also discussed. The fish sex determination mechanism remains largely unknown. Further research needs to be done considering the significance of fish SD studies in basic and applied aspects.

Extraluminal factors contributing to inflammatory bowel disease

Many identified and yet unknown factors contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).The genome-wide association studies clearly support the earlier developed concept that IBD occurs in genetically predisposed individuals who are exposed to distinct environmental factors,which together result in dysregulation of the mucosal immune system.Thus,the majority of previous studies have focused on the immune response within the intestinal wall.The present review aims to emphasize the contribution of three extraluminal structures to this inflammatory process,namely the mesenteric fat tissue,the lymphatics and the microvasculature.Broadening our view across the intestinal wall will not only facilitate our understanding of the disease,but will also us to identify future therapeutic targets.

Influence of genes,sex,age and environment on the onset of autoimmune hepatitis

The pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is complex. However,it is believed that a susceptible individual,owing to his genetic background,sex and age,can develop the disease following exposure to an environmental trigger. Autoimmune hepatitis does not follow a Mendelian pattern of inheritance; hence no single causative genetic locus has been identified. However,several genes,inside and outside the HLA locus,have been linked to an increased susceptibility to AIH. Epidemiological evidence also suggests that the sex and age of the patient plays a role in AIH pathogenesis as the disease onset occurs mainly in the two first decades of life and a higher disease incidence is observed in females. No environmental trigger has been identified,but several have been proposed,mainly viruses and xenobiotics. This article aims at reviewing the current knowledge on susceptibility factors leading to AIH and putative triggers,emphasizing fundamental mechanisms responsible for the break of liver immunological tolerance.

Candidate genes of hypertension with defective environmental expression

Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that the thermosensitivity locus cosegregates with blood pressure and that the elevated expression and restriction fragment length polymorphism of HSP70 gene are associ-ated with hypertension. Cell protection against environ-mental stressors such as heat and chemicals is often accom-panied by up-regulated expression of a wide spectrum of heat sliock genes(HSP). To further investigate the interre-lation between HSP expression and blood pressure regulation, we employed an effective method of cloning 2 poten-tial hypertension-related HSPs. Synthetic oligonucleotides corresponding either to a higbly-conserved region of the known HSP family or a repetitive sequence in the protein- encoding gene were used as target primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). cDNA prepared from heat-stressed and non-stressed vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) of Brown Norway rats (BN.1x) and spontaneously hyperten-sive rats (SHRp) respectively served as template in the reaction. The PCR products were subsequently analyzed in a single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) electrophoresing system. Differential gene expression in BN.1x and SHRp was seen on autoradiographs of SSCP gel by comparing the migration patterns of PCR-amplified DNA fragments. Using this technique, we also found that HSP27 and a new member of the large HSP gene family were differentially expressed in BN.1x and SHRp VSMC.

Genotype and Environmental Effects on Cadmium Concentration in Maize

Seven parents and their 21 Fl diallel crosses of maize were grown under field conditions in the 2001 and 2002 growing seasons on two soils mutually air-distanced 800 m （BI = fluvisol and B2 = stagnic albeluvisol; pH in KCI = 7.02 and 3.85, humus = 2.75 and 2.02, CaCO3 = 11.4% and 0, for B 1 and B2, respectively）. Also, the B 1 and B2 were differently in NH4Acetate-EDTA soluble fraction （mg.kgl： calcium 25,500 and 2,300; zinc 1.61 and 0.53; cadmium 0.195 and 0.064, respectively）. The experiments were conducted in four replicates （the basic plot 16.8 m2） in a randomized complete block design. The ear-leaf was taken at the beginning of silking and grain samples at maturity. Mean leaf-Cd （mg Cd.kg-t in dry matter） were 0.102 and 0.072, for 2001 and 2002; 0.064 and 0.195, for BI and B2, while differences in level of genotype were from 0.040 to 0.581 （the parents） and from 0.046 to 0.171 （the hybrids）. Six hybrids of Bc707-1 had considerably higher leaf-Cd in comparison with six hybrids of Bc265-1 （means 0.100 and 0.050 respectively）. Grain-Cd was under detectable range （〈 0.040） with exception of Bc707-1 parent on the B2 soil （0.17 mg Cd-kg^-1）.