Recent developments in tumor immunology and biotechnology have made cancer gene therapy and immunotherapy feasible. The current efforts for cancer gene therapy mainly focus on using immunogenes, chemogenes and tumor s...Recent developments in tumor immunology and biotechnology have made cancer gene therapy and immunotherapy feasible. The current efforts for cancer gene therapy mainly focus on using immunogenes, chemogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Central to all these therapies is the development of efficient vectors for gene therapy. By far, adenovirus （AdV）-mediated gene therapy is one of the most promising approaches, as has confirmed by studies relating to animal tumor models and clinical trials. Dendritic cells （DCs） are highly efficient, specialized antigen-presenting cells, and DC- based tumor vaccines are regarded as having much potential in cancer immunotherapy. Vaccination with DCs pulsed with tumor peptides, lysates, or RNA, or loaded with apoptotic/necrotic tumor cells, or engineered to express certain cytokines or chemokines could induce significant antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte （CTL） responses and antitumor immunity. Although both AdV-mediated gene therapy and DC vaccine can both stimulate antitumor immune responses, their therapeutic efficiency has been limited to generation of prophylactic antitumor immunity against re-challenge with the parental tumor cells or to growth inhibition of small tumors. However, this approach has been unsuccessful in combating well-established tumors in animal models. Therefore, a major strategic goal of current cancer immunotherapy has become the development of novel therapeutic strategies that can combat well-established tumors, thus resembling real clinical practice since a good proportion of cancer patients generally present with significant disease. In this paper, we review the recent progress in AdV-mediated cancer gene therapy and DC-based cancer vaccines, and discuss combined immunotherapy including gene therapy and DC vaccines. We underscore the fact that combined therapy may have some advantages in combating well-established tumors vis-a-vis either modality administered as a monotherapy.展开更多
To detect retrospectively the phenotype and stability of the E-protein gene in Japanese Encephalitis （JE） virus strain SA14-14-2 used in the live-attenuated JE vaccine prepears, the viral titer was titrated by plaqu...To detect retrospectively the phenotype and stability of the E-protein gene in Japanese Encephalitis （JE） virus strain SA14-14-2 used in the live-attenuated JE vaccine prepears, the viral titer was titrated by plaque formation in BHK-21 cell cultures, and the neuro-virulence of viruses was assayed in mice with body weight of 12-14 g by intracerebral inoculation. Meanwhile, the total RNA of virus gene was extracted and amplified by RT-PCR with the designed primers, and then it was purified and cloned to the expression vector pGEM-T. The recombinant plasmid was purified and sequenced. It was found that the loss of viral titer of vaccines stored in -20℃ for longer than 10 years was less than 0.5 Lg PFU/ml. No mice inoculated intracerebrally showed signs of illness or even death. The size of plagues of the vaccine virus remained to be small, and the E genes of primary virus seed SA14-14-2 and the vaccines prepared at different years （1987-2001） were unchanged, in- cluding the 8 critical amino acid sites which were different from the parent wild virus strain SA14 and the related neuro-virulence. These results indicate that the genotypic and biological characteristics of the attenuated JE virus strain SA14-14-2 and its vaccines sion noted. prepared are quite stable without any reversion noted.展开更多
NY-ESO-1作为一种肿瘤抗原,具有较强的免疫抗原性,并且已成为肿瘤候选疫苗之一。但由于目前大多应用NY-ESO-1多肽以及蛋白质疫苗,其临床试验效果欠佳,亟需更为有效的NY-ESO-1抗原设计的肿瘤免疫治疗出现。该研究的目的是探索将NY-ESO-1...NY-ESO-1作为一种肿瘤抗原,具有较强的免疫抗原性,并且已成为肿瘤候选疫苗之一。但由于目前大多应用NY-ESO-1多肽以及蛋白质疫苗,其临床试验效果欠佳,亟需更为有效的NY-ESO-1抗原设计的肿瘤免疫治疗出现。该研究的目的是探索将NY-ESO-1与具有增强免疫效应的五种因子分别重组成嵌合蛋白抗原,使其更有效地被加工、转运和呈递,以期找到最佳的基因佐剂,增强NY-ESO-1作为肿瘤治疗性DNA疫苗的免疫效果。采用电脉冲体内细胞高效转入的方法对C57BL/6小鼠进行DNA免疫,发现用编码NY-ESO-1或连接有HSP70的嵌合体质粒免疫可诱导强烈的NY-ESO-1特异性Ig G1反应。NY-ESO-1连接泛素的质粒免疫小鼠主要诱导NY-ESO-1特异性Ig G2a反应,表明此基因佐剂诱导强的Th1免疫反应。与其他嵌合NY-ESO-1质粒免疫相比,NYESO-1连接泛素的质粒免疫小鼠,有效地保护小鼠对有NY-ESO-1表达的B16F10黑色素瘤细胞系的挑战作用,证明强的Th1免疫反应对预防和治疗肿瘤具有重要作用。去除调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)可进一步增强泛素-NY-ESO-1嵌合DNA疫苗治疗黑色素瘤的作用。此外,Ub-NY-ESO-1质粒结合编码异源黑素瘤抗原GP100和TRP-2的质粒免疫可诱导对抗含有NY-ESO-1表达的B16F10黑色素瘤的协同抗肿瘤免疫疗效。该研究结果表明,编码泛素-NY-ESO-1嵌合抗原的质粒DNA疫苗或与编码其他相关黑色素瘤抗原的质粒的联合可能是有效的治疗黑色素瘤的疫苗。展开更多
文摘Recent developments in tumor immunology and biotechnology have made cancer gene therapy and immunotherapy feasible. The current efforts for cancer gene therapy mainly focus on using immunogenes, chemogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Central to all these therapies is the development of efficient vectors for gene therapy. By far, adenovirus （AdV）-mediated gene therapy is one of the most promising approaches, as has confirmed by studies relating to animal tumor models and clinical trials. Dendritic cells （DCs） are highly efficient, specialized antigen-presenting cells, and DC- based tumor vaccines are regarded as having much potential in cancer immunotherapy. Vaccination with DCs pulsed with tumor peptides, lysates, or RNA, or loaded with apoptotic/necrotic tumor cells, or engineered to express certain cytokines or chemokines could induce significant antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte （CTL） responses and antitumor immunity. Although both AdV-mediated gene therapy and DC vaccine can both stimulate antitumor immune responses, their therapeutic efficiency has been limited to generation of prophylactic antitumor immunity against re-challenge with the parental tumor cells or to growth inhibition of small tumors. However, this approach has been unsuccessful in combating well-established tumors in animal models. Therefore, a major strategic goal of current cancer immunotherapy has become the development of novel therapeutic strategies that can combat well-established tumors, thus resembling real clinical practice since a good proportion of cancer patients generally present with significant disease. In this paper, we review the recent progress in AdV-mediated cancer gene therapy and DC-based cancer vaccines, and discuss combined immunotherapy including gene therapy and DC vaccines. We underscore the fact that combined therapy may have some advantages in combating well-established tumors vis-a-vis either modality administered as a monotherapy.
文摘To detect retrospectively the phenotype and stability of the E-protein gene in Japanese Encephalitis （JE） virus strain SA14-14-2 used in the live-attenuated JE vaccine prepears, the viral titer was titrated by plaque formation in BHK-21 cell cultures, and the neuro-virulence of viruses was assayed in mice with body weight of 12-14 g by intracerebral inoculation. Meanwhile, the total RNA of virus gene was extracted and amplified by RT-PCR with the designed primers, and then it was purified and cloned to the expression vector pGEM-T. The recombinant plasmid was purified and sequenced. It was found that the loss of viral titer of vaccines stored in -20℃ for longer than 10 years was less than 0.5 Lg PFU/ml. No mice inoculated intracerebrally showed signs of illness or even death. The size of plagues of the vaccine virus remained to be small, and the E genes of primary virus seed SA14-14-2 and the vaccines prepared at different years （1987-2001） were unchanged, in- cluding the 8 critical amino acid sites which were different from the parent wild virus strain SA14 and the related neuro-virulence. These results indicate that the genotypic and biological characteristics of the attenuated JE virus strain SA14-14-2 and its vaccines sion noted. prepared are quite stable without any reversion noted.
文摘NY-ESO-1作为一种肿瘤抗原,具有较强的免疫抗原性,并且已成为肿瘤候选疫苗之一。但由于目前大多应用NY-ESO-1多肽以及蛋白质疫苗,其临床试验效果欠佳,亟需更为有效的NY-ESO-1抗原设计的肿瘤免疫治疗出现。该研究的目的是探索将NY-ESO-1与具有增强免疫效应的五种因子分别重组成嵌合蛋白抗原,使其更有效地被加工、转运和呈递,以期找到最佳的基因佐剂,增强NY-ESO-1作为肿瘤治疗性DNA疫苗的免疫效果。采用电脉冲体内细胞高效转入的方法对C57BL/6小鼠进行DNA免疫,发现用编码NY-ESO-1或连接有HSP70的嵌合体质粒免疫可诱导强烈的NY-ESO-1特异性Ig G1反应。NY-ESO-1连接泛素的质粒免疫小鼠主要诱导NY-ESO-1特异性Ig G2a反应,表明此基因佐剂诱导强的Th1免疫反应。与其他嵌合NY-ESO-1质粒免疫相比,NYESO-1连接泛素的质粒免疫小鼠,有效地保护小鼠对有NY-ESO-1表达的B16F10黑色素瘤细胞系的挑战作用,证明强的Th1免疫反应对预防和治疗肿瘤具有重要作用。去除调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)可进一步增强泛素-NY-ESO-1嵌合DNA疫苗治疗黑色素瘤的作用。此外,Ub-NY-ESO-1质粒结合编码异源黑素瘤抗原GP100和TRP-2的质粒免疫可诱导对抗含有NY-ESO-1表达的B16F10黑色素瘤的协同抗肿瘤免疫疗效。该研究结果表明,编码泛素-NY-ESO-1嵌合抗原的质粒DNA疫苗或与编码其他相关黑色素瘤抗原的质粒的联合可能是有效的治疗黑色素瘤的疫苗。
