簇毛麦基因组特异性PCR标记的建立和应用

以普通小麦中国春、簇毛麦、中国春 簇毛麦二体附加系和代换系为材料进行RAPD分析 ,筛选出一个簇毛麦基因组特异性RAPD片段OPF0 2 757,该片段分布于簇毛麦所有染色体上。在对OPF0 2 757进行克隆、测序的基础上 ,设计一对PCR引物 ,建立了簇毛麦基因组特异性PCR标记。用这对PCR引物对不同普通小麦品种、不同硬粒小麦品种、不同居群的簇毛麦、中国春 簇毛麦二体附加系、中国春 簇毛麦二体代换系、普通小麦 簇毛麦双二倍体、硬粒小麦 簇毛麦双二倍体等材料进行扩增 ,凡具有簇毛麦染色体的材料都能扩增出一条长为 6 77bp的DNA片段 ,而不具簇毛麦染色体的材料包括大麦、黑麦、长穗偃麦草、中间偃麦草等不能扩增出该片段。所以 ,该特异性PCR标记可用于快速跟踪检测小麦背景中的簇毛麦染色体。

PSR(Puccinia Striiformis Repeat)序列的基因组特异性和指纹遗传稳定性研究

以 PSR331S3( Puccinia striiformis repeat)为探针 ,对感染小麦条锈菌 P.striiformis f.sp.tritici模式菌系的叶片和常用繁殖寄主健康叶片总 DNA进行 Southern分析 ,结果显示PSR331S3具有良好的指纹分辨力和基因组特异性。对系列单孢系的指纹分析表明 ,PSR位点在有丝分裂中是稳定遗传的 。

小麦及其近缘种中基因组特异性DNA重复序列的研究进展

本文对小麦族植物中基因组特异性DNA重复序列的分类、基本特征、分离和鉴定方法、在小麦遗传改良中的应用以及未来研究的发展趋势进行了简述。综合已有的研究结果可以看出基因组特异性DNA重复序列是小麦族植物基因组特异性形成的重要构成部分。对基因组特异性DNA重复序列的研究是认识小麦族植物基因组的有效途径之一,基因组特异性DNA重复序列的应用将进一步促进小麦族植物分子细胞遗传学和普通小麦遗传改良研究的进展。

基因组特异性引物扩增细菌转录产物标记后用于DNA芯片分析

DNA芯片能够在一个载体上同时分析至少两种实验条件下,上千个基因的表达.但是,DNA芯片分析时要求有足够的RNA来产生探针,尤其是在进行细菌RNA杂交时(50μg细菌总RNA约含2μg mRNA).我们研制出一种以计算机为基础推测最小引物数量的方法,这些引物与假定基因组的全部基因都能特异性配对.例如,通过这个推测方法获得37个寡核苷酸片段,能够扩增出结核分枝杆菌基因组的全部基因.我们检测了基因组特异性引物(Genome directed primers,GDPs)的有效性,并在DNA芯片上检测基因表达时与随机引物进行了比较性研究.我们用这两种引物制备荧光标记探针,并在芯片上与960个位点的细菌基因杂交.与随机引物比较,GDPs更敏感、特异,尤其是在从哺乳动物RNA样品中检测结核杆菌RNA的时候.

簇毛麦基因组特异DNA序列标记的建立和应用

为建立簇毛麦基因组特异DNA序列的分子标记,以普通小麦中国春、绵阳11、川农17和R111以及多年生簇毛麦、硬粒小麦-多年生簇毛麦双二倍体TDB-3为材料,用120条随机引物进行RAPD分析,筛选出一个多年生簇毛麦的特异性RAPD片段,克隆测序表明该片段全长为937 bp(记为OPM2937)。以OPM2937的DNA序列为基础设计了一对特异引物,并用该特异引物对多年生簇毛麦、二倍体簇毛麦以及中国春-二倍体簇毛麦附加系CSDA1V^CSDA7V与小麦-多年生簇毛麦衍生后代进行了扩增,结果表明,凡具有簇毛麦染色体的材料均可扩增出目标DNA片段,而不具簇毛麦染色体的材料均未能得到扩增。将OPM2937在NCBI中进行序列比对,发现它是一个新的序列,说明OPM2937为簇毛麦基因组的一个特异序列,该DNA序列标记可用于快速跟踪检测小麦背景中的簇毛麦染色体。

利用小麦微卫星引物建立簇毛麦染色体组特异性标记

选位于普通小麦1A-7A、1B-7B、1D-7D染色体上的102对微卫星引物对多年生簇毛麦、二倍体簇毛麦、小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体与后代和普通小麦中国春、R25、R111、MY11进行了PCR扩增,发现引物对Xgwm301可以在含簇毛麦染色体的材料中扩出一条长415bp的特异片段(命名为Xgwm301/415),而所有供试小麦均未扩出此片段。进而用一套中国春-二倍体簇毛麦附加系来进行扩增,发现1V-7V染色体均可以扩出该片段,说明该片段为簇毛麦1V-7V染色体所共有。因此,Xgwm301/415是簇毛麦染色体组上的一个特异片段,可以用来快速跟踪检测导入到普通小麦背景中的簇毛麦染色体。

基于竞争性杂交方法的猪-肠道微生物特异性互作靶点发掘

动物肠道中存在着一些参与猪肠道微生物互作的基因,这些基因具有一定的宿主特异性,利用其设计分子标记能准确识别粪便污染来源。该文共采集6个物种(猪、牛、羊、鸡、鸭、鹅)的145个粪便样品,提取其DNA后利用竞争性杂交的基因片段富集方法(genome fragment enrichment,GFE),靶向筛选参与猪肠道微生物互作的特异性基因。经BLASTX分析发现,82%的猪特异性非冗余DNA片段存在相似序列,以拟杆菌纲(Bacteroidetes)(43.2%)、梭菌纲(Clostridia)(19.5%)、芽孢杆菌纲(Bacilli)(8.6%)相似序列为主。从蛋白质功能方面分析,61.5%的非冗余序列功能明确,有7.6%的序列与信息贮存及加工有关,12.8%的序列与细胞加工及信息传导有关,22%的序列与代谢有关,其中,碳水化合物和氨基酸的转移代谢相关序列含量最为丰富,均占总特异性序列的6.3%。研究发现,能够编码拟杆菌纲(Bacteroidetes)和梭菌纲(Clostridials)等表面蛋白、膜分泌蛋白及碳水化合物代谢蛋白的相关基因可作为猪特异性分子标记筛选的靶点。

合成六倍体小麦与其亲本在合成后小麦A/B染色体组微卫星位点的比较

构建人工合成六倍体小麦是利用小麦近缘材料优异基因的很有效的方法。但是目前在人工合成异源六倍小麦的过程中对微卫星位点的影响研究尚不完善。本研究直接比较了亲本四倍体小麦PS5与4个不同粗山羊草进行远缘杂交并经染色体自然加倍后获得4个人工合成六倍体小麦前后,位于普通小麦A/B染色体组不同染色体臂上的104对引物的变化。结果表明,104对微卫星引物的扩增产物在4个合成六倍体小麦中具有与普通小麦相同的带型;但在22对引物的扩增产物上存在差异,其中Am4与其它3个六倍体小麦Am1,Am2,Am3在15对引物扩增的条带存在差异;另外发现有45对特异与AB染色体的引物能够在粗山羊草中扩增出产物,其中特异于B染色体组的引物47.54%的可以在粗山羊草中扩增出产物,而A染色体组的引物占38.24%。因此,基于普通小麦开发的微卫星引物可以用于合成六倍体小麦的研究,而Am4材料与其它3个合成二倍体小麦的差异尚需进一步研究,另外我们推测普通小麦的B染色体组与A染色体组相比与粗山羊草存在较近的亲缘关系。

Comparison of Newly Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat with Its Donors on SSR Products

Microsatellites or SSRs as powerful genetic markers have widely been used in genetics and evolutionary biology in common wheat. Because of the high polymorphism, newly synthesized hexaploid wheat has been used in the construction of genetic segregation population for SSR markers, However, data on the evolution of microsatellites during the polyploidization event of hexaploid wheat are limited. In this study, 66 pairs of specific to A/B genome SSR patterns among newly synthesized hexaploid wheat, the donor tetraploid wheat and Aegilops tauschii were compared. The results indicated that most SSR markers were conserved during the polyploidization events of newly synthetic hexaploid wheat, from Triticum turgidum and Ae. tauschii. Over 70% A/B genome specific SSR markers could amplify the SSR sequences from the D genome ofAe. tauschii. Most amplified fragments from Ae, tauschii were detected in synthetic hexaploid at corresponding positions with the same sizes and patterns as in its parental Ae. tauschii. This suggested that these SSR markers, specific for A/B genome in common wheat, could amplify SSR products of D genome besides A/B genome in the newly synthesized hexaploid wheat, that is, these SSR primers specific for A/B genome in common wheat were nonspecific for the A/B genome in the synthetic hexaploid wheat. In addition, one amplified Ae. tauschii product was not detected in the newly synthetic hexaploid wheat. An extra-amplified product was found in the newly synthetic hexaploid wheat. These results suggested that caution should be taken when using SSR marker to genotype newly synthetic hexaploid wheat.

Isolation of a Genomic DNA for Gastrodia Antifungal Protein and Analyses of Its Promoter in Transgenic Tobacco

A genomic DNA containing 5'-upstream region and complete open reading frame of a Gastrodia antifungal protein was isolated by screening of a genomic library from Gastrodia elata B1. To investigate the promoter activity, the 5'-flanking region - 1 157 lip upstream from the putative transcription start site was fused to the coding sequence of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene and transformed into Nicotiana tabacum. The strongest GUS activity was detected in the roots of transgenic tobacco, followed by stems. The leaves only showed a low GUS activity. Furthermore, the promoter established inducible expression pattern in transgenic tobacco upon fungus Trichoderma viride inoculation and jasmonic acid and salicylic acid treatments.

Construction of a Tapetum-Specific and Tetracycline-Inducible System

A regulated gene expression system would offer the unique opportunity to study the gene physiological functions at different developmental stages. For realizing gene special expression in plant anther at given time, we constructed a new system that combined tetracycline- inducible elements with TA29 promoter, a tapetum-specific promoter of tobacco. The system was tested in transient GUS assay system by electroporation (gene gun) transformation of tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Winsconsin 38) anther. In the absence of tetracycline as the inducer, no GUS activity was detected. However, strong GUS expression was observed in tapetum. tissue upon tetracycline induction, and little GUS activity was found outside the tapetum. Our results suggested that gene expression can be restricted to a specific tissue at the given time under the control of this new system, and this system would be a very useful tool for both basic plant biology research and biotechnological applications.

Isozyme Analysis of Spotted Halibut Verasper variegatus Temminck et Schlegel

To investigate the tissue-specificities of isozymes and the genetic structureof wild spotted halibut ( Verasper variegatus) population, horizontal starch gel electrophoresiswas performed on 45 individuals collected in part of the Yellow Sea. The performances of 17 isozymesin 8 kinds of tissues or organs were screened preliminarily in a TC-7.0 buffer system. The resultsshowed that the screened isozymes displayed remarkable tissue-specificities. Finally, 14 enzymes(AAT, ADH, EST, OPI, G3PDH, IDHP, LAP, LDH, MDH, MPI, PGDH, PGM, SDH and SOD) and 4 kinds of tissues(eye, skeleton muscle, liver and heart) were selected for genetic analysis. Fourteen isozymes areencoded by 20 loci, and 9 of them are polymorphic. The polymorphic loci are AAT-1~*, GPI-2~*,G3PDH~*, IDHP-1~*, LDH~*, MPI~*, PGM-1~*. PGM-2~* and SDH~*, and the proportion of polymorphic lociis 0.4500 (P_(0.99)) ? The mean values of observed and expected heterozygosities are 0.0278and 0.0265, respectively and the average effective number of alleles is 1.0675.

Development of a Real-Time PCR Method (Taqman) for Rapid Identification and Quantification of Prorocentrum donghaiense

Prorocentrum donghaiense is a dinoflagellate that is widely distributed in the East China Sea and has become increasingly involved in Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). Therefore, it is necessary to study this dinoflagellate to monitor HABs. In this study, 13 pairs of primers specific to P. donghaiense (within its internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions) were designed for SYBR Green I real-time PCR. As the SYBR Green I real-time PCR could not identify P. donghaiense in a specific manner, a Taqman real-time PCR method was developed by designing a set of specific primers and a Taqman probe. A 10-fold serial dilution of recombinant plasmid containing ITS regions of P. donghaiense was prepared as standard samples and the standard curve was established. Additionally, we quantified the genomic DNA in P. donghaiense cells and utilized this DNA to prepare another 10-fold serial dilution of standard sample and accordingly set up the standard curve. The mathematic correlation between the cell number and its corresponding plasmid copy number was also established. In order to test the efficiency of the real-time PCR method, laboratory samples and P. donghaiense HAB field samples were employed for identification and quantitative analysis. As to laboratory samples, as few as 102 cells of P. donghaiense could be quantified precisely utilizing both centrifugation and filtration techniques. The quantification results from field samples by real-time PCR were highly similar to those by light microscopy. In conclusion, the real-time PCR could be applied to identify and quantify P. donghaiense in HABs.

MicroRNAs and cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of noncoding, regulatory RNAs that are involved in oncogenesis and show remarkable tissue specificity.miRNAs are approximately 22 nt non-coding RNAs, which regulate gene expression in a sequence-specific manner via translational inhibition or messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation, thus affecting various cellular processes.Since the discovery of their fundamental mechanisms of action, the field of miRNAs has opened a new era in the understanding of small noncoding RNAs.Recent evidence has shown that miRNA controls cell growth, apoptosis, and differentiation.Cancer is a complex genetic disease caused by abnormalities in gene structure and expression, moreover, miRNA expression correlates with cancers and could have a crucial function in tumor progression.Bioinformatic data indicate that each miRNA can control hundreds of target genes, but identification of the accurate miRNA targets will be crucial to exploit the emerging knowledge of miRNA contribution to cancer process.

Affinity chromatography-dependent selection (ACDS)of genomic DNA fragments bound specifically to bacterial synthesized Myc/Myn proteins

This paper describes an approach to seek for mouse c-Myc/Myn proteins-bound specific sequences among ge-nomic DNA. cDNA fragment of myn gene was obtained through RT-PCR technique from RNA of NIH3T3 cells. DNA fragments encoding BR/HLH/LZ structure of Myc and Myn proteins were cloned in frame into pGEX-2T vec-tor respectively Fusion GST-Myc and GST-Myn synthe-sized in E.coli hosts showed affinity to CACGTG E-boxDNA and subsequently interacted with genomic fragments prepared through whole-genome-PCR. A PCR-assisted procedure which combines protein-DNA interaction and affinity chromatography was designed to enrich Myc/Myn bound DNA. At least two genomic DNA fragments ob- tained exhibit specifical binding capacity to Myc/Myn complex but not to GST alone. Significance of the work and of the technique itself as well as identification of the DNAs are discussed.

Isolation of a pollen-specific promoter in tritordeum

The promoter is a cis-acting element in regulating gene expression. A promoterless plasmid containing UidA gene was transformed into tritordeum by barmbadment. Histochemical analysis of various tissues in transgenic tritordeum was carried to examine tissue-specific expression of GUS(beta-glucuronidase) activity. The pollen-specific promoter was trapped and identified successfully in a transformant line. PCR(polymerase chain reaction) method was used to isolate this pollen-specific promoter. By sequencing and analyzing the amplified fragment from PCR, a part of UidA gene and a flanking sequence were obtained. Some essential elements of plant promoters were found in the sequence. To determine the function of it, the cloned fragment was fused with UidA gene, then cloned and transformed into Triticum durum. The transgenic plant transformed by this vector showed GUS expression only in pollen. Therefore a pollen-specific promoter was isolated successfully.

Deletions are easy detectable in cochlear mitochondrial DNA of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene knockout mice

Abstract Objectives To investigate the tissue specificity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and to determine whether cochlear mtDNA is a sensitive target for ROS damage. Methods 10 Cu/ZnSOD gene (Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene, Sod1) knockout mice and 16 wild-type mice were analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results Three deletions were detected in various tissues of Sod1 knockout mice. MtDNA3867bp and mtDNA3726bp deletions were the most visible, and mtDNA4236bp deletion was barely detected in these tissues. There were obvious differences in the ratio of deleted mtDNA/total mtDNA in different tissue. Deleted mtDNA was most abundant in the liver and kidney and less in cochlea, heart and brain. The lowest was in spleen and skin. The ratio in various tissues was 3-20 times in Sod1 knockout mice over wild-type mice. In cochlea, the ratio was about 15. Conclusions Without the protection of Sod1, ROS can lead to mtDNA deletions in various tissues with significant tissue specificity. Cochlear mtDNA is a sensitive target for ROS damage.

Identification and analysis of mouse non-coding RNA using transcriptome data

Transcripts are expressed spatially and temporally and they are very complicated, precise and specific; however, most studies are focused on protein-coding related genes. Recently, massively parallel c DNA sequencing(RNA-seq) has emerged to be a new and promising tool for transcriptome research, and numbers of non-coding RNAs, especially linc RNAs, have been widely identified and well characterized as important regulators of diverse biological processes. In this study, we used ultra-deep RNA-seq data from 15 mouse tissues to study the diversity and dynamic of non-coding RNAs in mouse. Using our own criteria, we identified totally 16,249 non-coding genes(21,569 non-coding RNAs) in mouse. We annotated these non-coding RNAs by diverse properties and found non-coding RNAs are generally shorter, have fewer exons, express in lower level and are more strikingly tissue-specific compared with protein-coding genes. Moreover, these non-coding RNAs show significant enrichment with transcriptional initiation and elongation signals including histone modifications(H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and H3K36me3), RNAPII binding sites and CAGE tags. The gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA) result revealed several sets of linc RNAs associated with diverse biological processes such as immune effector process, muscle development and sexual reproduction. Taken together, this study provides a more comprehensive annotation of mouse non-coding RNAs and gives an opportunity for future functional and evolutionary study of mouse non-coding RNAs.

AtGGM2014, an Arabidopsis gene co-expression network for functional studies

Gene co-expression networks provide an important tool for systems biology studies. Using microarray data from the Array Express database, we constructed an Arabidopsis gene co-expression network, termed At GGM2014, based on the graphical Gaussian model, which contains 102,644 co-expression gene pairs among 18,068 genes. The network was grouped into 622 gene co-expression modules. These modules function in diverse house-keeping, cell cycle, development, hormone response, metabolism, and stress response pathways. We developed a tool to facilitate easy visualization of the expression patterns of these modules either in a tissue context or their regulation under different treatment conditions. The results indicate that at least six modules with tissue-specific expression pattern failed to record modular regulation under various stress conditions. This discrepancy could be best explained by the fact that experiments to study plant stress responses focused mainly on leaves and less on roots, and thus failed to recover specific regulation pattern in other tissues. Overall, the modular structures revealed by our network provide extensive information to generate testable hypotheses about diverse plant signaling pathways. At GGM2014 offers a constructive tool for plant systems biology studies.