Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB), a heterogeneous hereditary skin disorder characterized by trauma-induced blistering and scarring, affects thousands of families world wide. The clinical manifestations extend fr...Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB), a heterogeneous hereditary skin disorder characterized by trauma-induced blistering and scarring, affects thousands of families world wide. The clinical manifestations extend from minor nail dystrophy to severe life-threatening blistering, making early molecular diagnosis and prognostication of utmost importance for the affected families. DEB is caused by mutations in the COL7A1 gene encoding collagen VII in the skin. Molecular diagnostics and genotype-phenotype correlations in DEB remain complex owing to the gene structure, large variety of mutations, high rate of novel mutations, complex protein structure and assembly, and the heterogeneity of phenotypes. Here, we report an efficient strategy for COL7A1mutation detection using direct automated DNA sequencing and implementation of software tools. With this approach, COL7A1 mutations of 41 DEB families were disclosed. Twenty-four mutations were novel and two recurrent. Elucidation of biological consequences of the mutations helped define disease mechanisms, but also revealed several unusual genotypic and/or phenotypic constellations, which impeded the diagnostics and prognostication. In addition, the studies disclosed a de novo mutation in recessive DEB and two new polymorphisms in the COL7A1 gene.展开更多
文摘Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB), a heterogeneous hereditary skin disorder characterized by trauma-induced blistering and scarring, affects thousands of families world wide. The clinical manifestations extend from minor nail dystrophy to severe life-threatening blistering, making early molecular diagnosis and prognostication of utmost importance for the affected families. DEB is caused by mutations in the COL7A1 gene encoding collagen VII in the skin. Molecular diagnostics and genotype-phenotype correlations in DEB remain complex owing to the gene structure, large variety of mutations, high rate of novel mutations, complex protein structure and assembly, and the heterogeneity of phenotypes. Here, we report an efficient strategy for COL7A1mutation detection using direct automated DNA sequencing and implementation of software tools. With this approach, COL7A1 mutations of 41 DEB families were disclosed. Twenty-four mutations were novel and two recurrent. Elucidation of biological consequences of the mutations helped define disease mechanisms, but also revealed several unusual genotypic and/or phenotypic constellations, which impeded the diagnostics and prognostication. In addition, the studies disclosed a de novo mutation in recessive DEB and two new polymorphisms in the COL7A1 gene.
文摘长QT综合征（LQTS）是一种心律紊乱疾病,表现为QT间期延长和T波异常,与尖端扭转型室性心动过速（TdP）的易感性增加相关,可导致晕厥、心脏骤停甚至猝死等心脏事件。先天性LQTS的发生率约为1/2 500,由编码或调节心脏钠、钾和钙离子通道的基因突变引起。至今已发现14个亚型,其中12个引起Romano-Ward综合征,2个引起伴耳聋的Jervell and Lange-Nielsen综合征,总共有1 200多个突变。大部分已知的基因突变在编码钾离子通道的基因上。疾病的严重程度受基因突变类型、突变位点和离子通道的生物物理特性影响。临床LQTS相关的症状与年龄、性别和QT间期延长程度相关。心脏事件的发生率在青少年和年轻的成年人中最高。女性比男性问题更多。QT间期越长,心脏事件发生率越高。在已知基因型的个体中,LQT1~3占90%~95%。在LQT1~3和LQT7个体存在基因特异性的心电图（ECG）表现。心脏事件的触发因素也因基因型的不同而不同。认识到基因特异的临床特征和ECG模式之间的关系可提高诊断的精确性。家族筛查、系列ECG跟踪随访、运动试验等不仅对先证者的诊断很重要,对于其他受累家族成员的确认也很重要。在所有亚型中,β阻滞剂对LQT1型患者最有效。左心交感神经切除术（LCSD）可增加心室颤动阈值从而显示可降低心脏事件的发生率。微创的LCSD术式比传统的方法更安全,患者恢复更快。植入式心脏复律除颤器（ICD）可对致命性心律失常提供最好的保护,但有必要使用ICD的危险分层,因为有50%的LQTS患者会终身无心脏事件发生。获得性LQTS在普通人群更常见,女性对延长QT间期的药物和电解质紊乱引起的TdP更易感。去除诱因是矫正获得性LQTS的最好办法。避免延长QT间期的药物和基因特异性的触发因素也能降低遗传性LQTS的心脏事件发生率。
