基德尔“道德勇气”概念探析

＂道德勇气＂是敢于捍卫道德的勇气,是解决道德困境的关键。拉什沃思·M.基德尔将＂勇气＂分为两类：＂血气之勇＂和＂道德勇气＂,认为二者最重要的区别在于后者为道德原则所驱动。他把＂道德勇气＂视作三个概念领域的交集：原则、危险和忍耐,认为＂道德勇气＂是一种义务论式的,而非后果论式的。实际上,真正的＂道德勇气＂呈现为一种＂混合＂样态,不仅包括行为者的动机和情感,更涉及对后果的审慎衡量。道德勇气能够通过实践逐渐获得,它不仅是一种德性,更是一种能力。

转变：也许正在发生——2006年的出版回顾

2006年的出版业在调整中稳步前进，无论是正宗的“国产”书，还是引进的版权书，都有可圈可点之处。

Construction of cDNA subtractive library from pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata Gould) with red color shell by SSH

The molecular basis of color polymorphism in the shells of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata is largely unknown. We developed a red-shelled family line and used suppression subtractive hybridization （SSH） to screen for differentially expressed genes in red- and non-red-shelled pearl oysters. We constructed forward and reverse cDNA subtractive libraries consisting of 2 506 and 797 clones, respectively. Among 343 randomly selected clones in the forward library, 304 sequences were identified in GenBank using BLASTx and BLASTn. Of the 304 sequences, 13 showed no similarity to known sequences and 291 were matched with known genes of the pearl oyster, including shematrin-1, shematrin-2, shematrin-6, shematrin-7, nacrein, nacrein-like protein, aspein for shell matrix protein, glycine-rich protein, mantle gene 5, 28S, EST00031, EST00036, 16S, and COl. In the reverse library, 7 clones were sequenced and analyzed by BLAST. Two sequences shared similarity with EST00036 from the P. fucata subtraction cDNA library, four with the P. fucata mitochondrial gene for 16S rRNA and 1 with P. fucata shematrin-2. We evaluated the expression of 12 genes from the forward library using RT PCR. Two sequences matched with 16S and CO1 so were considered to be false positives. The remaining 10 sequences were differentially expression in the red-shelled pearl oysters. Our results suggest that differential expression of these genes may be related to color variation in the red-shelled family line of the pearl oyster.

Effects of Zn/P ratio on structures and properties of zinc-iron phosphate glasses

Effects of Zn/P ratio on the structures and properties of glasses with the general composition of （80-x）ZnO-20Fe2O3-xP2O5 （x=40, 45, 50, 55, 60） （molar fraction, %） were investigated. Glass structure was measured by infrared absorption spectrum. Glass density （/9） was measured by the Archimedes method. Coefficients of thermal expansion （a） and characterization temperature were obtained by a dilatometer. Water durability of each glass was estimated from the dissolution rate （DR）in water at 90 ℃ for 24 h. With increasing Zn/P ratio, water durability of zinc-iron phosphate glasses increases dramatically without large increase in the characterization temperature. （80-x）ZnO-20Fe2O3-xP2O5 glasses with 0.3≤Zn/P≤0.5 are suit for low-to-mid temperature sealing application for substrates with a〈8.0× 10^-6℃^-1.

Inheritance Pattern of Microsatellite Loci and Their Use for Kinship Analysis in the Japanese Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis

The inheritance mode of seven microsatellite markers was investigated in Patinopecten yessoensis larvae from four con-trolled crosses,and the feasibility of using these markers for kinship estimation was also examined. All the seven microsatellite loci were compatible with Mendelian inheritance. Neither sex-linked barriers to transmission nor major barriers to fertilization between gametes from the parents were evident. Two of the seven loci showed the presence of null alleles in two families,suggesting the need to conduct comprehensive species-specific inheritance studies for microsatellite loci used in population genetic studies. However,even if the null allele heterozygotes were considered as homozygotes in the calculation of genetic distance,offspring from four families were all unambiguously discriminated in the neighbor-joining dendrogram. This result indicates that the microsatellite markers used may be capable of discriminating between related and unrelated scallop larvae in the absence of pedigree information,and of investigating the effective number of parents contributing to the hatchery population of the Japanese scallop.

Hilbert＇s Foundations Remain Intact

Some of the seemingly important contributions made by Russell, Cantor and Godel regarding the foundations of mathematics lose credibility when addressed at a more fundamental level which assumes language consists of symbols devoid of what they mean. Such an approach can reveal neglected assumptions which are of consequence when made explicit and which, in particular, mean that Hilbert in fact had no need to heed Godel＇s revolutionary results regarding the foundations of mathematics.

The Tree of Death and Eternal Life

The ＂Tree of Death＂ is a metaphor I use to unlock my Christian assumptions on how the dead attain eternal existence in the afterlife state. The tree＇s unconcealedness, in this life and presumably the next, along with the moral habits an agent develops in this life explain the obstinacy of the dead, that is, how the agent＇s irrevocable decision to side with the God of Abraham, or not, is possible. For that to be the case, the existential relationships that generate personal identity in this life must accompany （individuate） the subject in the next life. In Christian philosophy, the person-making process mirrors the relationships of the Blessed Trinity. While Martin Heidegger is not a Christian philosopher, his view on truth and being＇s unconcealedness provides a useful piece of the argument to continue the Thomistic case for personal immortality. Heidegger is not a catholic philosopher, but the focus he places on being＇s unconcealedness is consonant with the focus Thomas Aquinas puts on the intelligibility of being. While Heidegger＇s discussion of being is rooted in Dasein＇s finitude, the Thomistic interpretation of being situates unconcealedness within the perspective of God＇s creative act. His vision resets the possibility of applying Heidegger＇s fundamental ontology beyond temporality. The paper develops through a discussion of the Tree＇s ＂branches, trunk, and roots＂ to conclude that the Christian perspective transforms Heidegger＇s view of death into ＂the ultimate possibility of possibility.＂

名人之初:寻找钓取人生辉煌的“一根钓竿”

“没有期限”的目标是永远无法实现的 1978年,有位年轻人非常谨慎地抱着一大包东西,拜访了夏普的奈良工厂。他在接待他的工厂主管面前打开布包,拿出一具将日语翻译成英语的电子翻译机,热切地说明这具机器的构造。这个年轻人说:“这台机器价值一亿日元,买不买!”买卖成立。他以这笔钱作资金,三年后成立电脑软件流通公司。这个年轻人就是孙正义。当他前去夏普拜访时,还只是个22岁的大学生。从开始实现自己的理想到今天为止,孙正义都执行了一套彻底的时间战略。

颐园街3号的前世今生

1901年,哈尔滨颐园街上开办了哈尔滨第一家西医医院——中东铁路中央医院,街道由此被命名为医院街。1925年改称为颐园街。颐园街3号,哈尔滨I类保护建筑,建造于1914年,是犹太商人斯基德尔斯基的私人住宅。这座地上二层地下一层的小楼具有新古典主义建筑特征,严肃中不乏带有一点儿俏皮。整栋建筑设计立体感非常强,墙体立面对称设有凸窗,窗角带有柱式装饰,优化了室内采光性能。内部装饰也十分豪华,楼中楼的设计让人一进门就感到大气。走上高档的木制楼梯,抬头就能看到精美雕琢的彩色玻璃窗,好像一下穿越回了上个世纪。

Stable local trace formula

Langlands program is the central concern of modern number theory. In general, we think that the main tool for studying this program is the trace formula. Arthur-Selberg's trace formula is successful in solving the endoscopic case of Langlands program. Arthur stabilized the geometric side of the local trace formula in the general case, but did not stabilize the general spectral. This paper aims to solve the general case by different method in the Archimedean case, by directly stabilizing the spectral side of the local trace formula, and obtains the stable local trace formula.

Hv-SEMIGROUP STRUCTURE ON F2-OFFSPRING OF A GENE POOL

Mendel, the father of genetics took the first steps in defining ＂contrasting characters, genotypes in F1 and F2... and setting different laws＂. The genotypes of F2 is dependent on the type of its parents genotype and it follows certain roles. Purpose of this paper is to analyze the second generation genotypes of monohybrid and a dihybrid with a mathematical structure. We use the concept of Hv-semigroup structure in the F2-genotypes with cross oper- ation and prove that this is an Hv-semigroup. We determine the kinds of number of the Hv-subsemigroups of F2-genotypes.