Objectives:to verify the feasibility and reliability of the electronic version of Chinese SF-36 based on the Quality-of-Life-Recorder. Design: A crossover randomized controlled trial, comparing a paper-based and an el...Objectives:to verify the feasibility and reliability of the electronic version of Chinese SF-36 based on the Quality-of-Life-Recorder. Design: A crossover randomized controlled trial, comparing a paper-based and an electronic version of the Chinese SF-36, was conducted. According to generated random numbers, interviewees were asked to fill out either the electronic version or the paper version first. The second version was filled in after a pause of at least 10 min. Settings and participants: One group of 100 medical students at the School of Medicine of Zhejiang University and the other group of 50 outpatients at a clinic for general practice in Hangzhou City (China) were eventually recruited in this study. Results: The acceptance of the electronic version was good (60% of medical students and 84% of outpatients preferred the electronic version). At the level of eight-scale scores, the mean-difference for each scale (except for general health) between the two versions was less than 5%. At the level of 36 questions, the percentage of "exact agreement" ranged within 64%～99%; the percentage of "global agreement" ranged within 72%～99%; 77% of the kappa coefficients demonstrated "good/excellent agreement" and 23% of the kappa coefficients demonstrated "medium agreement". Conclusion: This study, for the first time, can provide empirical basis for the confirmation of the feasibility and reliability of the electronic version of the Chinese SF-36 and may provide an impulse towards widespread deployment of the Quality-of-Life-Recorder in Chinese populations.展开更多
Objectiv e: To evaluate clinical,Quality of Life (QoL) and medical cost outcomes in pati ents with symptomatic reflux esophagitis (RE) receiving different ″triple c ombin ation therapy″ . Methods: A multicent...Objectiv e: To evaluate clinical,Quality of Life (QoL) and medical cost outcomes in pati ents with symptomatic reflux esophagitis (RE) receiving different ″triple c ombin ation therapy″ . Methods: A multicenter medical effectiveness trial conducte d in 10 hospitals of 5 regions in Zhejiang Province. 248 patient-volunteers were ass ig ned to 8 weeks of ″ triple combination therapy″ with Lansoprazole plus Cisapri de and Sucralfate or Ranitidine plus Cisapride and Sucralfate. Main outcomes asses sment included symptoms scale scores,RE severity,QoL at baseline and 8 weeks. Medical cost data were collected with cost analysis questionnaire. Results: (1)M ore Lansoprazole group patients noted RE symptoms resolution than Ranitidine gro up(92.3% vs 78.4%,P<0.01). There was no striking difference between two gro ups in RE healing rate (90.8% vs 82.9%, P>0.05). (2)RE significantly impaire d QoL of patients(P<0.001).Compared with Ranitidine group,QoL in Lansoprazole group had significant improvement (rate of ″good″ QoL 64.5% vs 45.6%,P<0.01). (3)T here w as close correlation between symptomic effectiveness and QoL rating scale in bot h the Lansoprazole and Ranitidine group(P<0.01,r=0.235 and 0.353 respec tively). There were no statistical difference of medical cost between the two groups ( P> 0.05). Conclusion: RE significantly impaired QoL of patients. ″Triple combinati o n therapies″ can significantly improve RE symptoms and QoL. Lansoprazole combin ation therapy was more cost-effective than Ranitidine combination group.展开更多
In order to overcome the limitations of traditional methods in uncertainty analysis, a modified Bayesian network(BN), which is called evidence network(EN), was proposed with evidence theory to handle epistemic uncerta...In order to overcome the limitations of traditional methods in uncertainty analysis, a modified Bayesian network(BN), which is called evidence network(EN), was proposed with evidence theory to handle epistemic uncertainty in probabilistic risk assessment(PRA). Fault trees(FTs) and event trees(ETs) were transformed into an EN which is used as a uniform framework to represent accident scenarios. Epistemic uncertainties of basic events in PRA were presented in evidence theory form and propagated through the network. A case study of a highway tunnel risk analysis was discussed to demonstrate the proposed approach. Frequencies of end states are obtained and expressed by belief and plausibility measures. The proposed approach addresses the uncertainties in experts' knowledge and can be easily applied to uncertainty analysis of FTs/ETs that have dependent events.展开更多
Optical logic gates are elementary components for optical network and optical computing. In this paper, we propose a structure for AND, NAND, XNOR and NOR logic gates in the two dimensional photonic crystal which util...Optical logic gates are elementary components for optical network and optical computing. In this paper, we propose a structure for AND, NAND, XNOR and NOR logic gates in the two dimensional photonic crystal which utilizes the dispersion based self-collimation effect. The self-collimated beam is splitted by the line defect and interfered with other self-collimated beam. This interference may be constructive or destructive based on their phase difference. This phenomenon is employed to realize all-optical logic gates. The gates are demonstrated numerically by computing electromagnetic field distribution using the finite difference time domain （FDTD） method. The results ensure that this design can function as AND, NAND, XNOR and NOR logic gates. The size of the structure is about 10 μm× 10 μm which in turn results in an increase in the speed and all the gates are realized in the same configuration. The ON-OFF contrast ratio is about 6 dB.展开更多
In this paper,we consider unusual event detection problem in a novel viewpoint and provide an algorithm to solve the problem.The actions or events in the scene is usual or not will eventually be reflected on the chang...In this paper,we consider unusual event detection problem in a novel viewpoint and provide an algorithm to solve the problem.The actions or events in the scene is usual or not will eventually be reflected on the changes of some basic features.We summarize these basic event features and propose special representation for each of them.Thus we can model these features in a uniform mode using adaptive Gaussian mixture model.Supervised and unsupervised unusual event detection algorithm can be designed to fit various situations based on this model.The superiority of our model is that it can detect unusual event automatically without to know the determinate model of unusual events.In conclusion,we provide two applications to verify the effectiveness of our model.展开更多
We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the fundamental group homomorphism of a map between CW-complexes(manifolds) to induce partial homology equivalences. As applications, we obtain characterizations of fun...We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the fundamental group homomorphism of a map between CW-complexes(manifolds) to induce partial homology equivalences. As applications, we obtain characterizations of fundamental groups of homology spheres and Moore manifolds. Moreover, a classification of one-sided h-cobordism of manifolds up to diffeomorphisms is obtained, based on Quillen's plus construction with Whitehead torsions.展开更多
A fundamental result in the theory of minimal rational curves on projective manifolds is Cartan- Fubini extension theorem proved by Hwang and Mok, which describes the extensibility of biholomorphisms between connected...A fundamental result in the theory of minimal rational curves on projective manifolds is Cartan- Fubini extension theorem proved by Hwang and Mok, which describes the extensibility of biholomorphisms between connected open subsets of two Fano manifolds of Picard number 1 which preserve varieties of minimal rational tangents （VMRT）, under a mild geometric assumption on the second fundamental forms of VMRT＇s. Hong and Mok have developed Cartan-Fubini extension for non-equidimensional holomorphic immersions from a connected open subset of a Pano manifold of Picard number 1 into a uniruled projective manifold, under the assumptions that the map sends VMRT＇s onto linear sections of VMRT＇s and it satisfies a mild geometric condition formulated in terms of second fundamental forms on VMRT＇s. In the current paper, we give a generalization of Hong and Mok＇s result, under the same condition on second fundamental forms, assuming only that the holomorphic immersions send VMRT＇s to VMRT＇s. Our argument is different from Hong and Mok＇s and is based on the study of natural foliations on the total family of VMRT＇s. This gives a substantially simpler proof than Hong and Mok＇s argument.展开更多
基金Project (No. WKJ2006-2-016) supported by the project of "Effect of Chronic Disease and Health-Related Quality of Life on Health Service Utilization" from the Ministry of Health, China
文摘Objectives:to verify the feasibility and reliability of the electronic version of Chinese SF-36 based on the Quality-of-Life-Recorder. Design: A crossover randomized controlled trial, comparing a paper-based and an electronic version of the Chinese SF-36, was conducted. According to generated random numbers, interviewees were asked to fill out either the electronic version or the paper version first. The second version was filled in after a pause of at least 10 min. Settings and participants: One group of 100 medical students at the School of Medicine of Zhejiang University and the other group of 50 outpatients at a clinic for general practice in Hangzhou City (China) were eventually recruited in this study. Results: The acceptance of the electronic version was good (60% of medical students and 84% of outpatients preferred the electronic version). At the level of eight-scale scores, the mean-difference for each scale (except for general health) between the two versions was less than 5%. At the level of 36 questions, the percentage of "exact agreement" ranged within 64%～99%; the percentage of "global agreement" ranged within 72%～99%; 77% of the kappa coefficients demonstrated "good/excellent agreement" and 23% of the kappa coefficients demonstrated "medium agreement". Conclusion: This study, for the first time, can provide empirical basis for the confirmation of the feasibility and reliability of the electronic version of the Chinese SF-36 and may provide an impulse towards widespread deployment of the Quality-of-Life-Recorder in Chinese populations.
文摘Objectiv e: To evaluate clinical,Quality of Life (QoL) and medical cost outcomes in pati ents with symptomatic reflux esophagitis (RE) receiving different ″triple c ombin ation therapy″ . Methods: A multicenter medical effectiveness trial conducte d in 10 hospitals of 5 regions in Zhejiang Province. 248 patient-volunteers were ass ig ned to 8 weeks of ″ triple combination therapy″ with Lansoprazole plus Cisapri de and Sucralfate or Ranitidine plus Cisapride and Sucralfate. Main outcomes asses sment included symptoms scale scores,RE severity,QoL at baseline and 8 weeks. Medical cost data were collected with cost analysis questionnaire. Results: (1)M ore Lansoprazole group patients noted RE symptoms resolution than Ranitidine gro up(92.3% vs 78.4%,P<0.01). There was no striking difference between two gro ups in RE healing rate (90.8% vs 82.9%, P>0.05). (2)RE significantly impaire d QoL of patients(P<0.001).Compared with Ranitidine group,QoL in Lansoprazole group had significant improvement (rate of ″good″ QoL 64.5% vs 45.6%,P<0.01). (3)T here w as close correlation between symptomic effectiveness and QoL rating scale in bot h the Lansoprazole and Ranitidine group(P<0.01,r=0.235 and 0.353 respec tively). There were no statistical difference of medical cost between the two groups ( P> 0.05). Conclusion: RE significantly impaired QoL of patients. ″Triple combinati o n therapies″ can significantly improve RE symptoms and QoL. Lansoprazole combin ation therapy was more cost-effective than Ranitidine combination group.
基金Project(71201170)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to overcome the limitations of traditional methods in uncertainty analysis, a modified Bayesian network(BN), which is called evidence network(EN), was proposed with evidence theory to handle epistemic uncertainty in probabilistic risk assessment(PRA). Fault trees(FTs) and event trees(ETs) were transformed into an EN which is used as a uniform framework to represent accident scenarios. Epistemic uncertainties of basic events in PRA were presented in evidence theory form and propagated through the network. A case study of a highway tunnel risk analysis was discussed to demonstrate the proposed approach. Frequencies of end states are obtained and expressed by belief and plausibility measures. The proposed approach addresses the uncertainties in experts' knowledge and can be easily applied to uncertainty analysis of FTs/ETs that have dependent events.
文摘Optical logic gates are elementary components for optical network and optical computing. In this paper, we propose a structure for AND, NAND, XNOR and NOR logic gates in the two dimensional photonic crystal which utilizes the dispersion based self-collimation effect. The self-collimated beam is splitted by the line defect and interfered with other self-collimated beam. This interference may be constructive or destructive based on their phase difference. This phenomenon is employed to realize all-optical logic gates. The gates are demonstrated numerically by computing electromagnetic field distribution using the finite difference time domain （FDTD） method. The results ensure that this design can function as AND, NAND, XNOR and NOR logic gates. The size of the structure is about 10 μm× 10 μm which in turn results in an increase in the speed and all the gates are realized in the same configuration. The ON-OFF contrast ratio is about 6 dB.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60805001)
文摘In this paper,we consider unusual event detection problem in a novel viewpoint and provide an algorithm to solve the problem.The actions or events in the scene is usual or not will eventually be reflected on the changes of some basic features.We summarize these basic event features and propose special representation for each of them.Thus we can model these features in a uniform mode using adaptive Gaussian mixture model.Supervised and unsupervised unusual event detection algorithm can be designed to fit various situations based on this model.The superiority of our model is that it can detect unusual event automatically without to know the determinate model of unusual events.In conclusion,we provide two applications to verify the effectiveness of our model.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grand No.10901151)RDF-13-02-08 of Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University
文摘We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the fundamental group homomorphism of a map between CW-complexes(manifolds) to induce partial homology equivalences. As applications, we obtain characterizations of fundamental groups of homology spheres and Moore manifolds. Moreover, a classification of one-sided h-cobordism of manifolds up to diffeomorphisms is obtained, based on Quillen's plus construction with Whitehead torsions.
基金supported by National Researcher Program of National Research Foundation of Korea(Grant No.2010-0020413)
文摘A fundamental result in the theory of minimal rational curves on projective manifolds is Cartan- Fubini extension theorem proved by Hwang and Mok, which describes the extensibility of biholomorphisms between connected open subsets of two Fano manifolds of Picard number 1 which preserve varieties of minimal rational tangents （VMRT）, under a mild geometric assumption on the second fundamental forms of VMRT＇s. Hong and Mok have developed Cartan-Fubini extension for non-equidimensional holomorphic immersions from a connected open subset of a Pano manifold of Picard number 1 into a uniruled projective manifold, under the assumptions that the map sends VMRT＇s onto linear sections of VMRT＇s and it satisfies a mild geometric condition formulated in terms of second fundamental forms on VMRT＇s. In the current paper, we give a generalization of Hong and Mok＇s result, under the same condition on second fundamental forms, assuming only that the holomorphic immersions send VMRT＇s to VMRT＇s. Our argument is different from Hong and Mok＇s and is based on the study of natural foliations on the total family of VMRT＇s. This gives a substantially simpler proof than Hong and Mok＇s argument.
