地质类研究生课程思政元素的融入与实践——以“地层学基础与前沿”课程为例

从研究生培养目标和当前研究生思想状况分析来看,高校通过研究生专业学位课程对学生进行世界观、人生观、价值观等方面的思政教育及价值引领是极为必要的。“地层学基础与前沿”是地质类研究生的专业学位课。近几年教师们利用启发性和互动性等多种教学方法,通过讲解典型案例,将家国情怀、生态文明、生命教育、科技创新等思政元素有效融入课堂教学,实现知识传授与价值引领相结合,取得了良好的教学效果。本文基于上述研究成果,系统阐述了地质类研究生课程思政元素的育人特点和成效。

资源勘查工程专业“层序地层学基础”教学改革——以成都理工大学为例

成都理工大学是国家首批"双一流"建设高校。资源勘查工程是成都理工大学能源与资源优势领域的国家级一流本科专业,同时又是"一流学科"建设的重要支撑专业。"层序地层学基础"是成都理工大学资源勘查工程(石油地质)专业培养方案中一门重要的专业选修课程。通过对比成都理工大学"层序地层学基础"与英国伦敦大学皇家霍洛威学院"海洋碎屑岩沉积"课程的教学异同,明确在该课程建设存在的问题,提出相应的改革建议和措施,促进该课程建设与国际接轨。

高雄捷运大寮主机厂基地土壤液化潜能评估分析

以GPS/GIS/RS科技整合应用 ,对大寮主机厂基地区域环境与其工址地层特性进行汇整分析。由于高雄捷运系统大寮主机厂为捷运总部及行控中心所在 ,故针对大寮主机厂厂址基础地层的潜在灾害特性进行调查分析研究 ,很有必要。本研究采用NJRA法结合Iwasaki深度加权法 ,并特别考虑细粒料含量、地表最大加速度与填土静态加载等不同参数值的影响 ,对该厂址基础地层液化潜能进行评估。其结果显示邻近孔号EB -19&EB -2 7的区域具有较高液化潜能 ,只有当PGA =0 .18g且填土高度达 3m时 ,厂址地层液化潜能可降低至低度液化潜能范围 ;若以PGA =0 .3 3g作分析时 ,厂址各分区均属极高度液化潜能范围。本研究最后汇整大寮主机厂区环境特性与其基础地层灾害分析结果 ,建立该区域地层潜在灾害数据库系统 ,以利于判定厂区基础地层潜在土壤液化区的灾害空间分布趋势与掌握其特性变异 ,并为相关单位提供大寮主机厂基础地层土壤液化防治决策参考。

王曰伦对我国前寒武纪地质研究的贡献——纪念王曰伦教授诞辰一百周年

王曰伦(1903—1981年)是著名地质学家、我国前寒武纪地质学的开拓者和奠基人之一。他对我国前寒武纪地质研究的主要贡献是:初步确立西南地区早寒武世地层层序和与震旦系的分界;初步奠定了五台山区早前寒武纪构造地层基础;参与发现、命名和进一步证实“蓟县运动”的存在,正确解决了华北震旦系与寒武系的分界问题;最早发现南北震旦系属同名异纪的上下关系;为全国各地上前寒武系划分和对比做了大量开创性工作,奠定了坚实的基础。他是坚持实践和创新的楷模。

搅拌桩在热电厂工程软基处理中的应用

某热电厂选址位置位于海边,其陆域排水沟道基础地层以吹填中粗砂为主,松散状态为主,部分表现为稍密状态,局部地段分布少量碎块石及粉末,土质不均匀。采用搅拌桩进行地基处理提高承载力的应用实例。

Protection Measures for Buildings Based on Coordinating Action Theory of Ground, Foundation and Structure

Based on the theory of coordinating action of building ground, foundation and structure, this paper presents a modified method for calculating additional stresses on buildings in mining areas by considering the joint effect of cur- vature deformation and horizontal deformation on buildings. It points out that for buildings over the coal pillar, it is ad- visable to soften the intermediate ground of buildings when they are affected by mining. For buildings over the goaf, it is preferable to soften the ground at both ends of buildings. In order to enhance the ability of a building to resist tensile deformation, the key measure is to reinforce the bottom foundation of the building. In addition, the concept of “angle of break of building” is proposed. It is because of this angle that the protecting coal pillar is left, which is a better solution than prevailing solutions The findings provide a more scientific basis for mining under buildings.

Tunnelling through weak and fragile rocks of Himalayas

A considerable amount of tunnelling has been going on in India for various projects such as hydroelectric power, irrigation, roads and railways. Most of these projects are located in Himalayas, far away from the urban areas. Tunnelling through weak and jointed rock masses such as the one in the Himalayas is a challenging task for the planners, designers, engineers and geologists because of high overburden, thickly vegetated surface, weak, poor and fragile rocks and highly varying geology with the presence of numerous small and big shear zones, faults, etc. Due to these reasons, various tunnelling problems have been faced in the past and are still being encountered. Failures and the problems may be regarded as challenges and opportunities for generating new knowledge base and thereby increasing self-reliance in tunnelling. The experiences of Himalayan tunnelling through weak and fragile rocks covering varying and mixed geology, understanding on tunnelling in squeezing ground conditions and applicability of TBM in Himalayas are presented. It has also been highlighted that the probe holes planning, drilling and monitoring shall be followed seriously to reduce the geological surprises.

GiT-based structural geologic feature analysis of the southern segment of Longmenshan fault zone for earthquake evidence

The Longmenshan fault is a thrust fault which runs along the base of the Longmen Mountains in Siehuan province, southwestern China. The southern segment of the fault had two distinct responses to the Ms 8 Wenehuan and Ms 7 Lushan earthquakes. This study determines characteristics of the structural geology of the Longmenshan fault to evaluate how it influenced the two aforementioned earthquakes. This research was done within a Geo- information Technologies （GiT） environment based on multi-source remote sensing and crustal movement data extracted from the Global Positioning System （GPS）. The spatial distribution of the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone was comprehensively analyzed to study both earthquakes. The study revealed that the Wenehuan and Lushan earthquakes occurred on two relatively independent faults. In addition, there was a nearly constant-velocity crustal movement zone between the two epicenters that probably had a compressive stress with slow motion. Furthermore, the central fault and a mountain back fault gradually merged from north to south. The Lushan earthquake of the Wenchuan earthquake. was not an affershock The research showed that fault zones within 30-50 km of State Highway 318 are intensive and complex. In addition, crustal movement velocity decreased rapidly, with a strong multi-directional shear zone. Thus, activity in that zone was likely stronger than in the northern part over the medium to long term.

Risk assessment study on bridge foundation in deep overlying stratum

Based on the analysis about the hydrogeological conditions and engineering geological conditions, this paper makes analysis on the possible risks of the deep overlying stratum foundation and establishes the risk evaluation index system during the foundation operating period. Such methods as analytic hierarchy process （AHP） , Delphi method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are adopted to make the quantitative analysis on the risk factors and establish the risk judgment model. According to the actual engineering of Taizhou Bridge, the paper evaluates the risk of the foundation during the operating period at the condition of deep overlying stratum. The evaluation results can provide the reference for the risk management of the bridge foundation durin~ the ooerating period.

Elastoplastic numerical analysis of layered soil foundation under the rectangular shallow footing subjected to vertical load

Finite and infinite coupled element method was used to analyze the strength and deformation in layered soil foundation which was under the rectangular shallow footing subjected to vertical loads. In the numerical analysis, the footing was assumed to be elastic; the soil was assumed to be elastoplastic and the Drucker-Prager constitutive model was applied to describe its mechanic behavior. Corresponding program was employed to compute six kinds of layered soil foundations constituted by different soil layers. The conclusions which are useful in the theory and practice were made according to the analysis of the computation results.

Railway Foundation Design Principles

There are a number of design procedures which have been developed to determine the appropriate thickness of trackbed layers on a railway track in order to reduce train induced stresses to an acceptable level thus ensuring that subgrade failure does not occur prematurely. This paper briefly describes four such procedures and compares the thickness of trackbed layers proposed by each for a number of hypothetical situations. To demonstrate further the suitability of each procedure, two existing sites in the UK are analysed and the trackbed layer thickness given by each procedure is then compared. The research shows that the procedures do not give consistent results. Subsequently it is suggested that it is important to consider other aspects in addition to the prescription of a suitable thickness of trackbed layers in any new build, renewal or remediation scheme.

System of Combined Foundation for Tall Buildings

Location of the heavily loaded building on the ground of the small load capacity requires application of the appropriate foundation structure. The required foundation system is most often deep, it is expensive and its cost increases significantly when the building is located in earthquake area or in mining damage sector. The proposed structural system of the combined foundation makes possible to design and to construct a very stable and relative inexpensive foundation structure, which can obtain an extremely large horizontal surface and which can be placed not deeply beneath the terrain level. It can be a very solid support structure for a tall building placed on very weak subsoil and at the same time located in seismic area. This system can be applied not only for new buildings but it can be used for the existing buildings and moreover for straighten of the inclined objects. Due to special arrangement of component parts the combined foundation possesses inherent features of a vibration damper, what is highly desirable if buildings have to be located in earthquake areas. When the aboveground storeys structure has some similar patterns with structural form of the combined foundation then the structural system of the whole building obtains coherent structural characteristics and it is called the combined structural system of the tall building. Suitable application of this system makes possible to design high-rise buildings having interesting and unique architectonic forms, what is presented on a selected example.

Seismic Health Monitoring of Foundations Using Artificial Neural Networks

Damage identification plays an important role in structural health monitoring systems. Despite variety in damage identification methods, little attention has been paid to the seismic damage identification of foundations. When shear walls serve as the lateral load resistance system of structures, foundations may subject to the high level of concentrated moment and shear forces. Consequently, they can experience severe damage. Since such damage is often internal and not visible, visual inspections cannot identify the location and the severity of damage. Therefore, a robust method is required for damage localization and quantification of foundations. According to the concept of performance-based seismic design of structures, the seismic behavior of foundations is considered as Force-Controlled. Therefore, for damage identification of foundation, internal forces should be estimated during ground motions. In this study, for real-time seismic damage detection of foundations, a method based on artificial neural networks was proposed. A feed-forward multilayer neural network with one hidden layer was selected to map input samples to output parameters. The lateral displacements of stories were considered as the input parameters of the neural network while moment and shear force demands at critical points of foundations were taken into account as the output parameters. In order to prepare well-distributed data sets for training the neural network, several nonlinear time history analyses were carried out. The proposed method was tested on the foundation of a five-story concrete shear wall building. The obtained results revealed that the proposed method was successfully estimated moment and shear force demands at the critical points of the foundation.

An overview of the thermography-based experimental studies on roadway excavation in stratified rock masses at CUMTB

This paper presents an overview of experimental investigations conducted at China University of Mining and Technology Beijing(CUMTB) on roadway excavation using large-scale geomechanical model tests.The simulated sedimentary rocks are composed by alternating layers of sandstone, mudstone and coal seam inclined at varied angles with respect to the horizontal including 0°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. During the excavation, infrared thermography was employed to detect the thermal response of the surrounding rocks under excavation. The obtained raw thermograms were processed using denoising algorithm, data reduction procedure and Fourier analysis. The infrared temperature(IRT) characterizes the overall rock response; the processed thermal images represent the structural behavior, and the Fourier spectrum describes damage development in the frequency domain. Deeper understanding was achieved by the comparative analyses of excavation in differently inclined rock masses using the image features of IRTs, thermal images and Fourier spectra.