Using the rural survey data preserved by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences＇ （CASS） Institute of Economics, this paper analyzes changes in the level and structure of per capita net income in the eleven villages...Using the rural survey data preserved by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences＇ （CASS） Institute of Economics, this paper analyzes changes in the level and structure of per capita net income in the eleven villages of Baoding Prefecture, Hebei province, over the 1930-1997periods. According to the surveys, per capita net income level of the villages maintained consistent growth, as indicated by survey data on the years of 1930, 1936, 1957, 1986 and 1997, except for 1946 which saw decline, and enjoyed rapid growth particularly in the years of reform and opening-up after 1986. The changes reflect the national trendsustained decline of the proportion of net income from household operations versus eontinuous growth of the proportion wages income takes of the whole income.展开更多
Teaching and research universities cultivate innovative talents that should have the following characteristics： a strong curiosity and thirst for knowledge, strong ability of self-learning and exploration. They shoul...Teaching and research universities cultivate innovative talents that should have the following characteristics： a strong curiosity and thirst for knowledge, strong ability of self-learning and exploration. They should primarily get engaged in applied basic research, focus on knowledge development and operational needs of the basic technology for logic systems, and acquire subject knowledge and expertise, technological innovation. They should have a good moral training, be able to work or live together with others; have good health and good human qualities, be able to take hard work. For the purposes of teaching and Research University, it is to foster innovative talents, we must adhere to the fundamental status of undergraduate teaching, and gradually promote the study of teaching; we must adhere to the path of industry-university cooperation; students in general education system must be established.展开更多
This paper addresses new trends in quantitative geography research. Modern social science research--including economic and social geography--has in the past decades shown an increasing interest in micro-oriented behav...This paper addresses new trends in quantitative geography research. Modern social science research--including economic and social geography--has in the past decades shown an increasing interest in micro-oriented behaviour of actors. This is inter alia clearly reflected in SIMs （spatial interaction models）, where discrete choice approaches have assumed a powerful position. This paper aims to provide in particular a concise review of micro-based research, with the aim to review the potential--but also the caveats---of micro models to map out human behaviour. In particular, attention will be devoted to interactive learning principles that shape individual decisions. Lessons from cognitive sciences will be put forward and illustrated, amongst others on the basis of computational neural networks or spatial econometric approaches. Particular attention will be paid to non-linear dynamic spatial models, amongst others, in the context of chaos theory and complexity science. The methodology of deductive reasoning under conditions of large data bases in studying human mobility will be questioned as well. In this context more extensive attention is given to ceteris paribus conditions and evolutionary thinking. The relevance of the paper will be illustrated by referring to various spatial applications in different disciplines and different application areas, e.g. in geography, regional science or urban economics.展开更多
Joint Funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China （ NSFC ） are initiated by different stakeholders, which aim to play a better 9ufdin9 role to support basic research in specific areas and directions. They ...Joint Funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China （ NSFC ） are initiated by different stakeholders, which aim to play a better 9ufdin9 role to support basic research in specific areas and directions. They have formed an important part of the national natural science funding system, which is responsible for advancing science and technology in an expanding frontier. The article would briefly summarize the joint funds strategic goals, programs implementation and achievements in the past decade, and provide a perspective on their future development.展开更多
This paper sums up the fundamental research projects on Vascular Surgery supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China from 1996 to 2000, and presents the experimental results and advances in the aspects o...This paper sums up the fundamental research projects on Vascular Surgery supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China from 1996 to 2000, and presents the experimental results and advances in the aspects of ischemia disease, the formation mechanism and prevention of restenosis, the development of abdominal aorta aneurysm and portal hypertention.展开更多
The progress in the science of energy utilizations will act crucial effect on the developments of energy science and technology, which will then promote social and economical developments and fulfill requirements for ...The progress in the science of energy utilizations will act crucial effect on the developments of energy science and technology, which will then promote social and economical developments and fulfill requirements for the national strategic objectives. For the sake of sustainable development, a harmonious blend of energy utilizations and environment considerations will become one of the vital topics in the future research area of energy science. It is suggested that clean and high-efficiency utilization of traditional or fossil energy resources, fundamental investigations on the energy and environment theory, renewable energy utilizations, and the development of nuclear energy are selected as priority research areas during the period of the Tenth Five-year Plan of China, according to the development trend of the world energy science and the research background of Chinese energy science, It is expected to promote the interdisciplinary investigations in the science of energy utilizations and provide scientific and technological supports for the development of related advanced high technologies,展开更多
基金Acknowledgment： This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.21076204） and the Basic Research Foundation of Xi＇an University of Architecture and Technology （No.JC1107）.
文摘Acknowledgment： This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.21076204） and the Basic Research Foundation
基金For the purposes of this study, the eleven villages of Baoding refer to： Liluohou, Hejiaqiao, Dongguzhuang, Nandeng, Caijiaying, Xuezhuang, Gushang, Xiezhuang, Mengzhuang, Dazhuze, Dayang. However, the data in the 1986 survey only covers six villages. This study was sponsored by National Social Science Foundation （10 CJL008） and the innovation project of CASS＇s Institute of Economics, ＂Rural household economic transition of Wuxi and Baoding during the process of a hundred years of industrialization and urbanization.＂ The authors appreciate support from various scholars.
文摘Using the rural survey data preserved by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences＇ （CASS） Institute of Economics, this paper analyzes changes in the level and structure of per capita net income in the eleven villages of Baoding Prefecture, Hebei province, over the 1930-1997periods. According to the surveys, per capita net income level of the villages maintained consistent growth, as indicated by survey data on the years of 1930, 1936, 1957, 1986 and 1997, except for 1946 which saw decline, and enjoyed rapid growth particularly in the years of reform and opening-up after 1986. The changes reflect the national trendsustained decline of the proportion of net income from household operations versus eontinuous growth of the proportion wages income takes of the whole income.
文摘Teaching and research universities cultivate innovative talents that should have the following characteristics： a strong curiosity and thirst for knowledge, strong ability of self-learning and exploration. They should primarily get engaged in applied basic research, focus on knowledge development and operational needs of the basic technology for logic systems, and acquire subject knowledge and expertise, technological innovation. They should have a good moral training, be able to work or live together with others; have good health and good human qualities, be able to take hard work. For the purposes of teaching and Research University, it is to foster innovative talents, we must adhere to the fundamental status of undergraduate teaching, and gradually promote the study of teaching; we must adhere to the path of industry-university cooperation; students in general education system must be established.
文摘This paper addresses new trends in quantitative geography research. Modern social science research--including economic and social geography--has in the past decades shown an increasing interest in micro-oriented behaviour of actors. This is inter alia clearly reflected in SIMs （spatial interaction models）, where discrete choice approaches have assumed a powerful position. This paper aims to provide in particular a concise review of micro-based research, with the aim to review the potential--but also the caveats---of micro models to map out human behaviour. In particular, attention will be devoted to interactive learning principles that shape individual decisions. Lessons from cognitive sciences will be put forward and illustrated, amongst others on the basis of computational neural networks or spatial econometric approaches. Particular attention will be paid to non-linear dynamic spatial models, amongst others, in the context of chaos theory and complexity science. The methodology of deductive reasoning under conditions of large data bases in studying human mobility will be questioned as well. In this context more extensive attention is given to ceteris paribus conditions and evolutionary thinking. The relevance of the paper will be illustrated by referring to various spatial applications in different disciplines and different application areas, e.g. in geography, regional science or urban economics.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants M1121009)
文摘Joint Funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China （ NSFC ） are initiated by different stakeholders, which aim to play a better 9ufdin9 role to support basic research in specific areas and directions. They have formed an important part of the national natural science funding system, which is responsible for advancing science and technology in an expanding frontier. The article would briefly summarize the joint funds strategic goals, programs implementation and achievements in the past decade, and provide a perspective on their future development.
文摘This paper sums up the fundamental research projects on Vascular Surgery supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China from 1996 to 2000, and presents the experimental results and advances in the aspects of ischemia disease, the formation mechanism and prevention of restenosis, the development of abdominal aorta aneurysm and portal hypertention.
文摘The progress in the science of energy utilizations will act crucial effect on the developments of energy science and technology, which will then promote social and economical developments and fulfill requirements for the national strategic objectives. For the sake of sustainable development, a harmonious blend of energy utilizations and environment considerations will become one of the vital topics in the future research area of energy science. It is suggested that clean and high-efficiency utilization of traditional or fossil energy resources, fundamental investigations on the energy and environment theory, renewable energy utilizations, and the development of nuclear energy are selected as priority research areas during the period of the Tenth Five-year Plan of China, according to the development trend of the world energy science and the research background of Chinese energy science, It is expected to promote the interdisciplinary investigations in the science of energy utilizations and provide scientific and technological supports for the development of related advanced high technologies,
