肉仔鸡内源氨基酸基础损失量估测研究

本研究旨在对肉仔鸡内源氨基酸基础损失量(BAAL)进行估测。选用28日龄爱拔益加商品代肉仔鸡48只,随机分为8组(公、母各4组),每组6只鸡。收集其自由采食无氮日粮后的回肠食糜,测定35日龄肉仔鸡回肠末端内源氨基酸基础损失量。结果表明:BAAL和内源蛋白质的氨基酸组成在公、母鸡间差异不显著(P>0.05),母鸡BAAL值均高于公鸡(P>0.05)。谷氨酸是回肠末端损失最多的氨基酸,天冬氨酸次之,组氨酸损失最少。内源蛋白质的氨基酸组成中,谷氨酸值最高,天冬氨酸次之,组氨酸值最低。

无氮饲粮对肉鸡盲肠微生物菌群结构及内源氨基酸基础损失量的影响

本试验旨在研究无氮饲粮对14日龄和35日龄肉鸡盲肠微生物菌群结构及内源氨基酸基础损失量的影响。分别选用10日龄和31日龄罗斯(Ross)308雄性肉鸡,随机分为2个组:常规饲粮组和无氮饲粮组,每组5个重复,其中10日龄时每个重复12只鸡,31日龄时每个重复6只鸡,试验期均为4 d。结果表明:肉鸡14日龄和35日龄时,收粪法所得大多数氨基酸内源基础损失量均显著或极显著高于回肠食糜法(P<0.05或P<0.01)。相对常规饲粮,无氮饲粮改变了14日龄和35日龄肉鸡盲肠微生物16S rDNA V3高变区变性梯度凝胶电泳图谱的优势条带,其中14日龄和35日龄发生变化的优势条带灰度值占其整个优势条带总灰度值的比例分别为72%、39%。与常规饲粮相比,无氮饲粮对14日龄肉鸡盲肠食糜重、氨态氮浓度没有显著影响(P>0.05),但极显著降低了盲肠食糜中丁酸浓度(P<0.01),显著降低了异丁酸和戊酸浓度(P<0.05),极显著增加了丙酸浓度(P<0.01)。无氮饲粮组35日龄肉鸡盲肠食糜重极显著高于常规饲粮组(P<0.01),盲肠食糜氨态氮、乙酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸浓度则极显著降低(P<0.01)。综上所述,采用无氮饲粮测定内源氨基酸基础损失量时,收粪法所得大多数氨基酸内源基础损失量显著高于回肠食糜法。饲喂无氮饲粮4 d后,肉鸡盲肠食糜原有微生物优势菌群发生改变。

标准回肠消化率在肉鸡饲料原料氨基酸营养价值评定中的应用

为了获得最佳生产性能,配制满足家禽营养需要的日粮配方和将排泄到环境中的过多养分降到最低,已显得尤为重要。关于蛋白质饲料原料,多通过表观回肠消化率反映其利用率。以表观回肠消化率值为基础配制日粮,低估了饲料原料的氨基酸消化率,导致排泄物中养分含量增加。通过内源氨基酸基础损失校正表观回肠消化率所得的标准回肠消化率,能克服表观回肠消化率的局限性。作者讨论了标准回肠氨基酸消化率和内源氨基酸基础损失的估测方法,并对其在肉鸡饲料原料氨基酸营养价值评定中的应用作一总结。

论PEBLE方法及其在事故超赔再保险定价中的应用

非寿险精算上的传统定价方法仅仅适用于个险产品的定价,当面对可能导致多个保险标的受损的群发事件或者巨灾事故时,这些传统的定价方法往往无法发挥作用。PEBLE方法是近年来国际保险精算领域新出现的一种精算方法,它可以用来对群发事件或巨灾事故进行定价,而且它的定价过程还可以使定价人员更清晰地了解和控制其中的过程方差和参数风险。事故超赔再保险是一种重要的再保险形式,我们可以应用PEBLE方法对其进行定价。本文以人身意外险事故超赔再保险为例,来阐述PEBLE方法在事故超赔再保险定价中的应用。

Failure analysis of crush hammers based on damage fracture energy

To prolong the life-span of crush hammers in the pyrite concentrate workplace of Ganbazi Coal Preparation Plant of Chongqing Nantong Mining Ltd., we used a progressive damage constitutive model based on the ductile and shear damage fracture energy to analyze the hammer wear failure caused by the impact and abrasion on the hammer surface by pyrite, and carried out simulation analysis with the explicit algurithm on hammer leftovers from the plant during the process of coarser pyrite comminution. The simulation results are consistent with hammer wear failure caused by pyrite impact. Then we proposed corrective measures to prolong hammer life-span. Results of the production test in the Ganbazi Coal Preparation Plant showed that non-clearance hammers can avoid wear erosion, and adding steel bonded tungsten carbides F3002 prolonged the hammer life- span. The effect of austenitic manganese steel work-hardening was not prominent. Therefore, the hammer failure was mainly caused by superficial abrasion instead of fatigue cracks appearing when grains acted on the hardening layer.

Areas vulnerable to natural disasters and damage estimation of infrastructure in Busan, Korea

Since the damages caused by disasters associated with climate anomalies and the diversification of the social structure increase every year, an efficient management system associated with a damage assessment of the areas vulnerable to disasters is demanded to prevent or mitigate the damages to infrastructure. The areas vulnerable to disasters in Busan, located at southeastern part of Korea, were estimated based on historical records of damages and a risk assessment of the infrastructure was performed to provide fundamental information prior to the establishment of the real-time monitoring system for infrastructure and establish disaster management system. The results are illustrated by using geographical information system(GIS) and provide the importance of the roadmap for comprehensive and specific strategy to manage natural disasters.

Geospatial susceptibility mapping of earthquake-induced landslides in Nuweiba area, Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt

Earthquake induced landslides are one of the most severe geo-environmental hazards that cause enormous damage to infrastructure, property, and loss of life in Nuweiba area. This study developed a model for mapping the earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility in Nuweiba area in Egypt with considerations of geological, geomorphological, topographical, and seismological factors. An integrated approach of remote sensing and GIS technologies were applied for that target. Several data sources including Terra SAR-X and SPOT 5 satellite imagery, topographic maps, field data, and other geospatial resources were used to model landslide susceptibility. These data were used specifically to produce important thematic layers contributing to landslide occurrences in the region. A rating scheme was developed to assign ranks for the thematic layers and weights for their classes based on their contribution in landslide susceptibility. The ranks and weights were defined based on the knowledge from field survey and authors experiences related to the study area. The landslide susceptibility map delineates the hazard zones to three relative classes of susceptibility: high, moderate, and low. Therefore, the current approach provides a way to assess landslide hazards and serves for geo-hazard planning and prediction in Nuweiba area.

Study the closed loop management system for the coal mines based on risk management

In recent years, the coal safety has been become the urgent problem in China,and severe and fatal coal mine accidents occurred frequently.Must pay attention to coal safety management immediately, because the coal mine accidents not only caused serious economic losses to the country and people but also had negative impact on the society and politics.A closed loop management system was put forward to build to improve the coal safety management.The closed loop management system was formed four parts,identifying the hazard sources, classifying the hidden troubles hazard sources, the risk prealarm and risk control, and the evaluation system.

Study on the compatibility of cement-superplasticizer system based on the amount of free solution

The changes of free solution amount, fluidity and the time-depended fluidity loss of cement paste were examined by varying the water-cement ratio and the dosages of superplasticizer. The distribution of solution and flocculation microstructure in flesh cement paste was observed with optical microscope. The change of free solution amount and its effect on the fluidity and bleeding of cement paste was studied. The results show that the adsorbed solution amount has a great influence on the com- patibility of cement-superplasticizer system, including the bleeding degree, the fluidity and the time-depended fluidity loss of cement paste. Superplasticizer increases the fluidity of cement paste by destroying the flocculated cement particle structure and increasing the amount of adsorbed solution. Polycarboxylate superplasticizer shows higher ability of adsorption than naphtha- lene superplasticizer. Over dosage of superplasticizer is not the primary cause of bleeding. The principle reason of bleeding is the high water-cement ratio and the insufficient enhancing ability of water adsorption of superplasticizer.

Optimization of heat transfer and heat-work conversion based on generalized heat transfer law

Examples of heat transfer and heat-work conversion are optimized with entropy generation and entransy loss,respectively based on the generalized heat transfer law in this paper.The applicability of entropy generation and entransy loss evaluation in these optimization problems is analyzed and discussed.The results show that the entransy loss rate reduces to the entransy dissipation rate in heat transfer processes,and that the entransy loss evaluation is effective for heat transfer optimization.However,the maximum heat transfer rate does not correspond to the minimum entropy generation rate with prescribed heat transfer temperature difference,which indicates that the entropy generation minimization is not always appropriate to heat transfer optimization.For heat-work conversion processes,the maximum entransy loss rate and the minimum entropy generation rate both correspond to the maximum output power,and they are both appropriate to the optimization of the heat-work conversion processes discussed in this paper.