Purpose: The evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a new medical mode that is completely different from traditional experience-based medicine. The core of EBM is that decision-making during clinical practices must be based...Purpose: The evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a new medical mode that is completely different from traditional experience-based medicine. The core of EBM is that decision-making during clinical practices must be based on objective research results.With the rapid development of modern ophthalmology, some former viewpoints according to experience-based medicine face challenges. Evidence-based ophthalmology (EBO) is imperative under the situation. Glaucoma, as a disease resulting in blindness, which can not be cured by operation, is thought more and more of by medical management officials and doctors. One challenge for ophthalmologists entering the 21st century will be to make clinical decisions based on valid information or evidence rather than intuition, hearsay, or peer practice. How can we do? Here reviews the application of EBM in medical management of glaucoma since EBM' s naissance and give a reference.展开更多
Although the clinical manifestations of alcoholic liver disease are well-described, little is known about the molecular basis of liver injury. Recent studies have indicated that ethanol exposure induces global protein...Although the clinical manifestations of alcoholic liver disease are well-described, little is known about the molecular basis of liver injury. Recent studies have indicated that ethanol exposure induces global protein hyperacetylationo This reversible, post- translational modification on the E-amino groups of lysine residues has been shown to modulate multiple, diverse cellular processes ranging from transcriptional activation to microtubule stability. Thus, alcohol- induced protein hyperacetylation likely leads to major physiological consequences that contribute to alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. Lysine acetylation is controlled by the activities of two opposing enzymes, histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases. Currently, efforts are aimed at determining which enzymes are responsible for the increased acetylation of specific substrates. However, the greater challenge will be to determine the physiological ramifications of protein hyperacetylation and how they might contribute to the progression of liver disease. In this review, we will first list and discuss the proteins known to be hyperacetylated in the presence of ethanol. We will then describe what is known about the mechanisms leading to increased protein acetylation and how hyperacetylation may perturb hepatic function.展开更多
Juvenile polyposis syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by multiple distinct juvenile polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and an increased risk of colorectal cancer.The cumulative life-time ri...Juvenile polyposis syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by multiple distinct juvenile polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and an increased risk of colorectal cancer.The cumulative life-time risk of colorectal cancer is 39% and the relative risk is 34.Juvenile polyps have a distinctive histology characterized by an abundance of edematous lamina propria with inflammatory cells and cystically dilated glands lined by cuboidal to columnar epithelium with reactive changes.Clinically,juvenile polyposis syndrome is defined by the presence of 5 or more juvenile polyps in the colorectum,juvenile polyps throughout the gastrointestinal tract or any number of juvenile polyps and a positive family history of juvenile polyposis.In about 50%-60% of patients diagnosed with juvenile polyposis syndrome a germline mutation in the SMAD4 or BMPR1A gene is found.Both genes play a role in the BMP/TGF-beta signalling pathway.It has been suggested that cancer in juvenile polyposis may develop through the socalled "landscaper mechanism" where an abnormal stromal environment leads to neoplastic transformation of the adjacent epithelium and in the end invasive carcinoma.Recognition of this rare disorder is important for patients and their families with regard to treatment,follow-up and screening of at risk individuals.Each clinician confronted with the diagnosis of a juvenile polyp should therefore consider the possibility of juvenile polyposis syndrome.In addition,juvenile polyposis syndrome provides a unique model to study colorectal cancer pathogenesis in general and gives insight in the molecular genetic basis of cancer.This review discusses clinical manifestations,genetics,pathogenesis and management of juvenile polyposis syndrome.展开更多
基金Foundtion item:Guangdong Natural Science Fund .China (No.031732)
文摘Purpose: The evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a new medical mode that is completely different from traditional experience-based medicine. The core of EBM is that decision-making during clinical practices must be based on objective research results.With the rapid development of modern ophthalmology, some former viewpoints according to experience-based medicine face challenges. Evidence-based ophthalmology (EBO) is imperative under the situation. Glaucoma, as a disease resulting in blindness, which can not be cured by operation, is thought more and more of by medical management officials and doctors. One challenge for ophthalmologists entering the 21st century will be to make clinical decisions based on valid information or evidence rather than intuition, hearsay, or peer practice. How can we do? Here reviews the application of EBM in medical management of glaucoma since EBM' s naissance and give a reference.
基金Supported by The National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R21 AA015683) awarded to P.L.T.
文摘Although the clinical manifestations of alcoholic liver disease are well-described, little is known about the molecular basis of liver injury. Recent studies have indicated that ethanol exposure induces global protein hyperacetylationo This reversible, post- translational modification on the E-amino groups of lysine residues has been shown to modulate multiple, diverse cellular processes ranging from transcriptional activation to microtubule stability. Thus, alcohol- induced protein hyperacetylation likely leads to major physiological consequences that contribute to alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. Lysine acetylation is controlled by the activities of two opposing enzymes, histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases. Currently, efforts are aimed at determining which enzymes are responsible for the increased acetylation of specific substrates. However, the greater challenge will be to determine the physiological ramifications of protein hyperacetylation and how they might contribute to the progression of liver disease. In this review, we will first list and discuss the proteins known to be hyperacetylated in the presence of ethanol. We will then describe what is known about the mechanisms leading to increased protein acetylation and how hyperacetylation may perturb hepatic function.
文摘Juvenile polyposis syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by multiple distinct juvenile polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and an increased risk of colorectal cancer.The cumulative life-time risk of colorectal cancer is 39% and the relative risk is 34.Juvenile polyps have a distinctive histology characterized by an abundance of edematous lamina propria with inflammatory cells and cystically dilated glands lined by cuboidal to columnar epithelium with reactive changes.Clinically,juvenile polyposis syndrome is defined by the presence of 5 or more juvenile polyps in the colorectum,juvenile polyps throughout the gastrointestinal tract or any number of juvenile polyps and a positive family history of juvenile polyposis.In about 50%-60% of patients diagnosed with juvenile polyposis syndrome a germline mutation in the SMAD4 or BMPR1A gene is found.Both genes play a role in the BMP/TGF-beta signalling pathway.It has been suggested that cancer in juvenile polyposis may develop through the socalled "landscaper mechanism" where an abnormal stromal environment leads to neoplastic transformation of the adjacent epithelium and in the end invasive carcinoma.Recognition of this rare disorder is important for patients and their families with regard to treatment,follow-up and screening of at risk individuals.Each clinician confronted with the diagnosis of a juvenile polyp should therefore consider the possibility of juvenile polyposis syndrome.In addition,juvenile polyposis syndrome provides a unique model to study colorectal cancer pathogenesis in general and gives insight in the molecular genetic basis of cancer.This review discusses clinical manifestations,genetics,pathogenesis and management of juvenile polyposis syndrome.
