Chinese agriculture is confronted with more challenges globally after en- tering WTO and it is necessary to improve agricultural cooperatives which play an important role in marketing. In the research, the significanc...Chinese agriculture is confronted with more challenges globally after en- tering WTO and it is necessary to improve agricultural cooperatives which play an important role in marketing. In the research, the significance, progress, problems of professional tobacco cooperative and the evolvement direction were explored based on existing issues of its role in monopsony markets of agricultural product and the development.展开更多
With the rapid developments of information technology,various industries become much more dependent on networks.Driven by economic interests and the game between countries reflected by growing cyberspace confrontation...With the rapid developments of information technology,various industries become much more dependent on networks.Driven by economic interests and the game between countries reflected by growing cyberspace confrontations,evasive network attacks on information infrastructures with high-tech,high concealment and longterm sustainability become severe threats to national security.In this paper,we propose a novel two-phased method for the detection of evasive network attacks which exploit or pretend to be common legal encryption services in order to escape security inspection.Malicious communications which camouflage themselves as legal encryption application are identified in the SSL'session structure verification phase firstly,and then by serverside X.509 certificate based anomaly detection,suspicious attack behaviors are further distinguished effectively.Experiment results show that our method is very useful for detecting the network activities of certain unknown threats or new malwares.Besides,the proposed method can be applied to other similar services easily.展开更多
This paper results from an exploratory investigation regarding the tourist consumer behavior identifying which attractiveness factors from tourist destination define tourist consumer capacity and have importance in hi...This paper results from an exploratory investigation regarding the tourist consumer behavior identifying which attractiveness factors from tourist destination define tourist consumer capacity and have importance in his choice In this investigation, a model elaborated based on a detailed situational analysis considering different aspects related with offering and demand that compose the tourist activity dimensions, such as infra structure, tourism potential, geographical factors, climate, economy, cultural and environmental resources public policies and sustainability was adopted. The competitive environment also was analyzed, once tourists have different destinations to their disposal which is attracted for destinations that offer optimum value and the greatest number of benefits. To reach the proposed objectives, an exploratory research through in depth personal interviews with 20 individuals was carried on using snow ball technique aims to identify the possible factors of attractiveness and related degree of importance of each of these possible factors in the tourist consumer behavior. After that, a confirmatory research was conducted with 150 individuals. The sampling process was done using convenience sample and data which were collected between November and December, 2009, through direct proportionally survey divided between man and woman展开更多
Abstract： This study discusses the benefits of establishing a broader discipline of water science, based on the organizing mechanism of PES-W （payments for ecosystem services on the watershed scale）. PES-W is deriv...Abstract： This study discusses the benefits of establishing a broader discipline of water science, based on the organizing mechanism of PES-W （payments for ecosystem services on the watershed scale）. PES-W is derived from an extension of governance analyses of 163 watershed-based PES （payments for ecosystem services） programs, and from the integrative decision mechanism of IPES （integrated payments for ecosystem services） to generalize the PES approach. PES-W reflects three interrelated perspectives fundamental to the global science of integrated water governance： （1） the ecological and economic perspective to integrate human incentives for integrated water resources governance; （2） the sociological and ecological perspective to form partnerships for meta-monitoring and recta-funding for integrated watershed governance; and （3） the scientific and sociological perspective to develop organizing botmdaries based on technology, lifestyle, entrepreneurship and organizing infrastructure for integrated aquatic ecosystem governance. This study is intended to communicate with the international scientific communities for establishing an advanced, academic, and practical multidisciplinary field of the global science of integrated water governance as a critical condition for sustainable development in human societies.展开更多
Waterlogging is one of the major water issues in most cities of China and directly restricts their urbanization processes.The construction of Sponge City is an effective approach to solving the urban water issues,part...Waterlogging is one of the major water issues in most cities of China and directly restricts their urbanization processes.The construction of Sponge City is an effective approach to solving the urban water issues,particularly for the waterlogging.In this study,both the urban issues emerged at the stage of rapid urbanization in China and the demands as well as problems of Sponge City construction related with the water issues were investigated,and the opportunities and challenges for the Sponge City construction in the future were also proposed.It was found that the current stormwater management focused on the construction of gray infrastructures(e.g.,drainage network and water tank) based on the fast discharge idea,which was costly and hard to catch up with the rapid expansion of city and its impervious surface,while green infrastructures(e.g.,river,lake and wetland)were ignored.Moreover,the current construction of Sponge City was still limited to low impacted development(LID) approach which was concentrated on source control measures without consideration of the critical functions of surrounding landscapes(i.e.,mountain,river,wetland,forest,farmland and lake),while application of the integrated urban water system approach and its supported technologies including municipal engineering,urban hydrology,environmental science,social science and ecoscape were relatively weak and needed to be improved.Besides,the lack of special Sponge City plan and demonstration area was also a considerable problem.In this paper,some perspectives on Good Sponge City Construction were proposed such as the point that idea of urban plan and construction should conform to the integral and systematic view of sustainable urban development.Therefore,both the basic theoretical research and the basic infrastructure construction such as monitoring system,drainage facility and demonstration area should be strengthened,meanwhile,the reformation and innovation in the urban water management system and the education system should also be urgently performed.The study was expected to provide a deeper thinking for the current Sponge City construction in China and to give some of suggestions for the future directions to urban plan and construction,as well as urban hydrology discipline.展开更多
The funding gap of public infrastructure networks(roads, railways, ports, electricity, and energy lines)can be solved partly by introducing private capital for investments, i.e., public-private partnerships(PPP). This...The funding gap of public infrastructure networks(roads, railways, ports, electricity, and energy lines)can be solved partly by introducing private capital for investments, i.e., public-private partnerships(PPP). This paper introduces an integrated model of a PPP project and investigates its implications on PPP policies and strategies regarding appropriate project appraisal and selection. The model has different resolution levels, namely, project level,business ecosystem level, and market and societal levels.The integrated model suggests that investing in merely financially viable projects is insufficient to realize economically and socially sustainable and acceptable projects.展开更多
文摘Chinese agriculture is confronted with more challenges globally after en- tering WTO and it is necessary to improve agricultural cooperatives which play an important role in marketing. In the research, the significance, progress, problems of professional tobacco cooperative and the evolvement direction were explored based on existing issues of its role in monopsony markets of agricultural product and the development.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program under Grant No.2012BAH46B02 and 2012BAH45B01the National High Technology Research and Development Program(863 Program) of China under Grant No.2011AA010703the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No.XDA06030200
文摘With the rapid developments of information technology,various industries become much more dependent on networks.Driven by economic interests and the game between countries reflected by growing cyberspace confrontations,evasive network attacks on information infrastructures with high-tech,high concealment and longterm sustainability become severe threats to national security.In this paper,we propose a novel two-phased method for the detection of evasive network attacks which exploit or pretend to be common legal encryption services in order to escape security inspection.Malicious communications which camouflage themselves as legal encryption application are identified in the SSL'session structure verification phase firstly,and then by serverside X.509 certificate based anomaly detection,suspicious attack behaviors are further distinguished effectively.Experiment results show that our method is very useful for detecting the network activities of certain unknown threats or new malwares.Besides,the proposed method can be applied to other similar services easily.
文摘This paper results from an exploratory investigation regarding the tourist consumer behavior identifying which attractiveness factors from tourist destination define tourist consumer capacity and have importance in his choice In this investigation, a model elaborated based on a detailed situational analysis considering different aspects related with offering and demand that compose the tourist activity dimensions, such as infra structure, tourism potential, geographical factors, climate, economy, cultural and environmental resources public policies and sustainability was adopted. The competitive environment also was analyzed, once tourists have different destinations to their disposal which is attracted for destinations that offer optimum value and the greatest number of benefits. To reach the proposed objectives, an exploratory research through in depth personal interviews with 20 individuals was carried on using snow ball technique aims to identify the possible factors of attractiveness and related degree of importance of each of these possible factors in the tourist consumer behavior. After that, a confirmatory research was conducted with 150 individuals. The sampling process was done using convenience sample and data which were collected between November and December, 2009, through direct proportionally survey divided between man and woman
文摘Abstract： This study discusses the benefits of establishing a broader discipline of water science, based on the organizing mechanism of PES-W （payments for ecosystem services on the watershed scale）. PES-W is derived from an extension of governance analyses of 163 watershed-based PES （payments for ecosystem services） programs, and from the integrative decision mechanism of IPES （integrated payments for ecosystem services） to generalize the PES approach. PES-W reflects three interrelated perspectives fundamental to the global science of integrated water governance： （1） the ecological and economic perspective to integrate human incentives for integrated water resources governance; （2） the sociological and ecological perspective to form partnerships for meta-monitoring and recta-funding for integrated watershed governance; and （3） the scientific and sociological perspective to develop organizing botmdaries based on technology, lifestyle, entrepreneurship and organizing infrastructure for integrated aquatic ecosystem governance. This study is intended to communicate with the international scientific communities for establishing an advanced, academic, and practical multidisciplinary field of the global science of integrated water governance as a critical condition for sustainable development in human societies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41571028)Key Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KFZD-SW-301)
文摘Waterlogging is one of the major water issues in most cities of China and directly restricts their urbanization processes.The construction of Sponge City is an effective approach to solving the urban water issues,particularly for the waterlogging.In this study,both the urban issues emerged at the stage of rapid urbanization in China and the demands as well as problems of Sponge City construction related with the water issues were investigated,and the opportunities and challenges for the Sponge City construction in the future were also proposed.It was found that the current stormwater management focused on the construction of gray infrastructures(e.g.,drainage network and water tank) based on the fast discharge idea,which was costly and hard to catch up with the rapid expansion of city and its impervious surface,while green infrastructures(e.g.,river,lake and wetland)were ignored.Moreover,the current construction of Sponge City was still limited to low impacted development(LID) approach which was concentrated on source control measures without consideration of the critical functions of surrounding landscapes(i.e.,mountain,river,wetland,forest,farmland and lake),while application of the integrated urban water system approach and its supported technologies including municipal engineering,urban hydrology,environmental science,social science and ecoscape were relatively weak and needed to be improved.Besides,the lack of special Sponge City plan and demonstration area was also a considerable problem.In this paper,some perspectives on Good Sponge City Construction were proposed such as the point that idea of urban plan and construction should conform to the integral and systematic view of sustainable urban development.Therefore,both the basic theoretical research and the basic infrastructure construction such as monitoring system,drainage facility and demonstration area should be strengthened,meanwhile,the reformation and innovation in the urban water management system and the education system should also be urgently performed.The study was expected to provide a deeper thinking for the current Sponge City construction in China and to give some of suggestions for the future directions to urban plan and construction,as well as urban hydrology discipline.
文摘The funding gap of public infrastructure networks(roads, railways, ports, electricity, and energy lines)can be solved partly by introducing private capital for investments, i.e., public-private partnerships(PPP). This paper introduces an integrated model of a PPP project and investigates its implications on PPP policies and strategies regarding appropriate project appraisal and selection. The model has different resolution levels, namely, project level,business ecosystem level, and market and societal levels.The integrated model suggests that investing in merely financially viable projects is insufficient to realize economically and socially sustainable and acceptable projects.
