[Objective] This study aimed to screen endophytic bacteria which is antag- onistic to cotton Fusarium wilt. [Method] Fresh cotton plants collected from cotton- growing areas in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province were used ...[Objective] This study aimed to screen endophytic bacteria which is antag- onistic to cotton Fusarium wilt. [Method] Fresh cotton plants collected from cotton- growing areas in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province were used as experimental materials to isolate endophytic bacteria. Through chitinase test and co-culturing both micro-or- ganisms side by side on the same PDA culture plate, antagonistic strains to cotton Fusarium wilt were screened. [Result] A total of 83 bacterial isolates were obtained from cotton plants grown in the fields, six of which were chitinase-productive bacte- ria. Through chitinase test and co-culturing both micro-organisms side by side on the same PDA culture plate, strain V-8 which had the strongest antagonistic effect on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum was screened. Strain V-8 had a wider anti- fungal spectrum with certain inhibitory effect on all the six important pathogenic fungi including Fusarium oxysporum f. sp niveum; it colonized stably in the rhizospheric soil of cotton, with a colonization density of up to 6.2x10s cfu/g fifty days after inoc- ulation; the relative effect on controlling cotton Fusarium wilt in pot test was 73.2%. The Findings of this study suggested that strain V-8 had great potential for biological control of cotton Fusarium wilt and could be taken as a substantial material for the cloning of chitinase genes. [Conclusion] The results from this study provides bases for the control of cotton fusarium wilt, as well as the exploitation of endophytic bac- teria resources in cotton and the development of novel biological pesticides.展开更多
Tomato seedlings were grown in substrate culture with pots. The formulation of Holland Greenhouse Horticulture Research Institute was used(as CK) and the effects of different Ca concentrations(LCa, CK and HCa)on growt...Tomato seedlings were grown in substrate culture with pots. The formulation of Holland Greenhouse Horticulture Research Institute was used(as CK) and the effects of different Ca concentrations(LCa, CK and HCa)on growth, yield, and fruit quality(protein, Vitamin C, nitrates, organic acid and soluble sugar) of tomato were studied keeping concentrations of other nutrients unchanged in the nutrient solution. The results showed that parameters related to the growth of tomato(plant height and Stem diameter), changes of tomato yield per plant and quality of tomato fruits were the highest when the plants were grown at 20% Ca treatments. In the second study, increased EC concentrations of nutrient solution resulted in stronger plants with improved yields and quality. Four different concentration gradients of nutrient solution treatment were designed based on the results of the first research stage(EC=1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 m S/cm, respectively). The single tomato plant had the highest production which is 2 268.994 g/plant, when the nutrient solution strength was at EC=1.5 m S cm, whereas they have the best fruit quality when the solution strength at EC 4.5 m S/cm. This suggests the need for wide popularization of the nutrient solution formula in large areas to improve the tomato production.展开更多
Due to the insufficient supply of embryonated chicken eggs,the preparation of large quantities of inactivated influenza vaccines will require an alternative virus culture system after the emergence or reemergence of a...Due to the insufficient supply of embryonated chicken eggs,the preparation of large quantities of inactivated influenza vaccines will require an alternative virus culture system after the emergence or reemergence of a pandemic influenza virus.The Vero cell is one of the ideal options since it was used for producing many kinds of human vaccines.However,most of the influenza viruses can not grow well in Vero cells.To develop a new influenza vaccine with Vero cells as a substrate,the virus needs to adapt to this cell substrate to maintain high growth characteristics.By serial passages in Vero cells,the B/Yunnan/2/2005va(B)strain was successfully adapted to Vero cells,with the hemagglutination titer(HAT)of the virus reaching 1:512.The high growth characteristic of this strain is stable up to 21 passages.The strain was identified by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI)test and sequencing respectively;the HA1 gene sequence of the virus was cloned and analyzed.The screening and establishment of high growth B virus provides an important tool for influenza vaccine production in Vero cells.展开更多
The glucose mass transfer in the biosynthesis of succinic acid with immobilized Actinobacillus succinogenes cells has been comparatively analyzed for a bioreactor with mobile bed vs. a stationary basket bioreactor. Th...The glucose mass transfer in the biosynthesis of succinic acid with immobilized Actinobacillus succinogenes cells has been comparatively analyzed for a bioreactor with mobile bed vs. a stationary basket bioreactor. The process has been considered to occur under substrate and product inhibitory effects. The results indicated that the bioreactor with mobile bed is more efficient for biocatalyst particles with a diameter over 3 mm, while the basket bioreactor is more efficient for smaller biocatalyst particles and basket bed thickness below 5 mm. The performances of both configurations of immobilized A. succinogenes cell beds were found to be superior to the column packed bed bioreactor.展开更多
Using lignite samples, selected from Zhaotong basin, Yunnan province, China, as the parent source, simulating experiments of lignite biogas were conducted with 0.1% methanol, 5 mg/L yeast extract and 0.2 mol/L sodium ...Using lignite samples, selected from Zhaotong basin, Yunnan province, China, as the parent source, simulating experiments of lignite biogas were conducted with 0.1% methanol, 5 mg/L yeast extract and 0.2 mol/L sodium acetate solutions as the exogenous substance respectively. Variation characteristics of gas production, gas composition, VFA content and activity of coenzyme 1：42o in the simulated process were analyzed to discuss the influence of different substrates on lignite biogas generation. The results show that 0.1% methanol and 5 mg/L yeast extract solutions increase VFA contents in the biogas generation system （p 〈 0.05） and inhibit coenzyme F420 and methanogen activities significantly, so they decrease both gas amounts （p 〈 0.05） and CH4 contents （p 〈 0.05）. 0.2 mol/L sodium acetate solution activates coenzyme F42o and methanogen activities and improves the efficiency of enzymatic reaction, so the gas quantity （p 〈 0.05） and the CH4 content （p 〈 0.01） increase significantly. Therefore, sodium acetate can be one kind of good exogenous substance for the generation of lignite biogenic gas.展开更多
Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum was constructed for L-ornithine production by disrupting genes of argF and proB to prevent the flux away from L-ornithine.Effect of the inactivation of 2-oxoglutarate de-hydrogena...Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum was constructed for L-ornithine production by disrupting genes of argF and proB to prevent the flux away from L-ornithine.Effect of the inactivation of 2-oxoglutarate de-hydrogenase complex(ODHC) on L-ornithine production was also investigated.It was found that the inactivation of ODHC by knockout of the kgd gene enhanced L-ornithine production.The engineered C.glutamicum ATCC13032(ΔargFΔproBΔkgd) produced L-ornithine up to 4.78 g·L-1 from 0.24 g·L-1 of the wild-type strain.In order to understand the mechanism of L-ornithine production in C.glutamicum ATCC13032(ΔargFΔproBΔkgd) and find out new strategies for further enhancing L-ornithine production,the comparative proteome between the wild-type and the engineered strain was analyzed.L-Ornithine overproduction in the engineered strain was related to the up-regulation of the expression levels of enzymes involved in L-ornithine biosynthesis pathway and down-regulation of the expression levels of proteins involved in pentose phosphate pathway.The overexpression of genes in the upstream pathway of glutamate to increase the availability of endogenous glutamate may further in-crease ornithine production in the engineered C.glutamicum and the ornithine synthesis enzymes(ArgCJBD) may not be the limiting enzymes in the engineered C.glutamicum.展开更多
After deregulating the purine and riboflavin synthesis in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis,it is critical to amplify riboflavin operon with appropriate dosage in the host strain for remarkable increase of...After deregulating the purine and riboflavin synthesis in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis,it is critical to amplify riboflavin operon with appropriate dosage in the host strain for remarkable increase of riboflavin production.Bacillus subtilis RH13, a riboflavin-producing strain, was selected as host strain in the construction of engineering strains by protoplast fusion. The integrative plasmid pRB63 and autonomous plasmid pRB49, pRB62 containing riboflavin operon of B.subtilis 24 were constructed and transformed into the host strain respectively. Increasing one operon copy in B.subtilis RH13 results in about 0.4 g/L improvement in riboflavin yield and the appropriate number of operon copies was about 7—8. Amplifying more riboflavin operons is of no use for further improvement of yield of riboflavin. Furthermore, excessive operon dosage results in metabolic unbalance and is fatal to the host cells producing riboflavin.展开更多
In order to upgrade the conventional wood pellet, Japanese softwood and hardwood chips were torrefied at around 200-350℃, and pelletized. The characteristics of the torrefied material/pellets such as their calorific ...In order to upgrade the conventional wood pellet, Japanese softwood and hardwood chips were torrefied at around 200-350℃, and pelletized. The characteristics of the torrefied material/pellets such as their calorific value, grinding energy, pelletizing energy and elemental composition, were also evaluated in this study. The calorific value rose with increasing torrefaction temperature and exceeded 25 MJ/kg （an increase of nearly 40% compared to the untreated state） for torrefaction at around 350℃. The grinding energy greatly decreased with increasing torrefaction temperature, and the reduction was larger for Japanese oak hardwood chips. The pelletization energy for the torrefied material tended to be slightly smaller than in the untreated case. People named such torrefied pellet as ＂hyper wood pellet＂.展开更多
The preparation of macauba fruits （Acrocomia aculeate （Jacq.） Lodd. ex Martius） both for oil extraction by continuous pressing and biodiesel production were investigated. The fruits and its pulp and kernel were ch...The preparation of macauba fruits （Acrocomia aculeate （Jacq.） Lodd. ex Martius） both for oil extraction by continuous pressing and biodiesel production were investigated. The fruits and its pulp and kernel were characterized for their resulting oils. Experimental design was carried out to study the transesterification of each oil to obtain the concentrations of ethanol and catalyst that would provide the best biodiesel yield. A higher amount of biodiesel was produced from the best conditions to evaluate some characteristics as specified by ANP （National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels）. The results showed a variation in the fruits composition and different characteristics presented by the pulp and kernel oil. It was possible to define technological steps to obtain oil from the fruits of macauba and find the optimal conditions to biodiesel production, concentration of catalyst 4.42% and 5% and 13.3：1 and 9：1 ethanol：oil molar ratio to kernel oil and pulp oil, respectively.展开更多
Peformance enhancing drugs are widely used today in different sport fields, and therefore the successful anti-doping activity should be based not only on regular doping controls, but also it should show the real alter...Peformance enhancing drugs are widely used today in different sport fields, and therefore the successful anti-doping activity should be based not only on regular doping controls, but also it should show the real alternative： how to replace the forbidden doping substances with legal and effective supplements. The paper deals with application proposition of protein concentrates, free AA （amino acids）, HMB （hydroxy-methyle-butyrate）, creatine and camitine. If the athlete is involved in strength and power sport （e.g. throwing events in track and field, olympic weightlifting etc.）, the explosive and maximum strength is of primary importance. For strength athletes, these mentioned substances are those legal preparates, supplements, which can help effectively in performance improvement of sport results. The main reason is that using protein concentrates, AAs, HMB, creatine and camitine, the anabolic （and anticatabolic） effect will enhance the protein biosynthesis of the organism, improve the aerob and anaerob capacity of the athletes, activate and stimulate the own hormonal system. And the final result is creating higher loadability because of the faster recovery, and higher performance level on the competition. Of course, the athletes--as a minimum requirement--need an adequate nutrition （good balanced nourishment）, as well, with appropriate application and supplementation of all vitamins and essential minerals.展开更多
基金Supported by the Research Fund for Mid-career and Young Scientists of Education Department of Hubei Province(Q2011130)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to screen endophytic bacteria which is antag- onistic to cotton Fusarium wilt. [Method] Fresh cotton plants collected from cotton- growing areas in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province were used as experimental materials to isolate endophytic bacteria. Through chitinase test and co-culturing both micro-or- ganisms side by side on the same PDA culture plate, antagonistic strains to cotton Fusarium wilt were screened. [Result] A total of 83 bacterial isolates were obtained from cotton plants grown in the fields, six of which were chitinase-productive bacte- ria. Through chitinase test and co-culturing both micro-organisms side by side on the same PDA culture plate, strain V-8 which had the strongest antagonistic effect on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum was screened. Strain V-8 had a wider anti- fungal spectrum with certain inhibitory effect on all the six important pathogenic fungi including Fusarium oxysporum f. sp niveum; it colonized stably in the rhizospheric soil of cotton, with a colonization density of up to 6.2x10s cfu/g fifty days after inoc- ulation; the relative effect on controlling cotton Fusarium wilt in pot test was 73.2%. The Findings of this study suggested that strain V-8 had great potential for biological control of cotton Fusarium wilt and could be taken as a substantial material for the cloning of chitinase genes. [Conclusion] The results from this study provides bases for the control of cotton fusarium wilt, as well as the exploitation of endophytic bac- teria resources in cotton and the development of novel biological pesticides.
文摘Tomato seedlings were grown in substrate culture with pots. The formulation of Holland Greenhouse Horticulture Research Institute was used(as CK) and the effects of different Ca concentrations(LCa, CK and HCa)on growth, yield, and fruit quality(protein, Vitamin C, nitrates, organic acid and soluble sugar) of tomato were studied keeping concentrations of other nutrients unchanged in the nutrient solution. The results showed that parameters related to the growth of tomato(plant height and Stem diameter), changes of tomato yield per plant and quality of tomato fruits were the highest when the plants were grown at 20% Ca treatments. In the second study, increased EC concentrations of nutrient solution resulted in stronger plants with improved yields and quality. Four different concentration gradients of nutrient solution treatment were designed based on the results of the first research stage(EC=1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 m S/cm, respectively). The single tomato plant had the highest production which is 2 268.994 g/plant, when the nutrient solution strength was at EC=1.5 m S cm, whereas they have the best fruit quality when the solution strength at EC 4.5 m S/cm. This suggests the need for wide popularization of the nutrient solution formula in large areas to improve the tomato production.
基金National"863 Project"(2006AA02Z409)National health project(200802023)Yunnan sciences and technology cooperation(2006XY29)
文摘Due to the insufficient supply of embryonated chicken eggs,the preparation of large quantities of inactivated influenza vaccines will require an alternative virus culture system after the emergence or reemergence of a pandemic influenza virus.The Vero cell is one of the ideal options since it was used for producing many kinds of human vaccines.However,most of the influenza viruses can not grow well in Vero cells.To develop a new influenza vaccine with Vero cells as a substrate,the virus needs to adapt to this cell substrate to maintain high growth characteristics.By serial passages in Vero cells,the B/Yunnan/2/2005va(B)strain was successfully adapted to Vero cells,with the hemagglutination titer(HAT)of the virus reaching 1:512.The high growth characteristic of this strain is stable up to 21 passages.The strain was identified by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI)test and sequencing respectively;the HA1 gene sequence of the virus was cloned and analyzed.The screening and establishment of high growth B virus provides an important tool for influenza vaccine production in Vero cells.
基金Supported by the Grant PN-II-PT-PCCA-2011-3.1-1268 authorized by The National Council for Scientific Research-Executive Unit for Financing Higher Education,Research,Development and Innovation(CNCS-UEFISCDI)
文摘The glucose mass transfer in the biosynthesis of succinic acid with immobilized Actinobacillus succinogenes cells has been comparatively analyzed for a bioreactor with mobile bed vs. a stationary basket bioreactor. The process has been considered to occur under substrate and product inhibitory effects. The results indicated that the bioreactor with mobile bed is more efficient for biocatalyst particles with a diameter over 3 mm, while the basket bioreactor is more efficient for smaller biocatalyst particles and basket bed thickness below 5 mm. The performances of both configurations of immobilized A. succinogenes cell beds were found to be superior to the column packed bed bioreactor.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Key Foundation of China (Nos. 41202119 and 41272177)the National Natural Science Key Foundation of China (No. 41202237)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
文摘Using lignite samples, selected from Zhaotong basin, Yunnan province, China, as the parent source, simulating experiments of lignite biogas were conducted with 0.1% methanol, 5 mg/L yeast extract and 0.2 mol/L sodium acetate solutions as the exogenous substance respectively. Variation characteristics of gas production, gas composition, VFA content and activity of coenzyme 1：42o in the simulated process were analyzed to discuss the influence of different substrates on lignite biogas generation. The results show that 0.1% methanol and 5 mg/L yeast extract solutions increase VFA contents in the biogas generation system （p 〈 0.05） and inhibit coenzyme F420 and methanogen activities significantly, so they decrease both gas amounts （p 〈 0.05） and CH4 contents （p 〈 0.05）. 0.2 mol/L sodium acetate solution activates coenzyme F42o and methanogen activities and improves the efficiency of enzymatic reaction, so the gas quantity （p 〈 0.05） and the CH4 content （p 〈 0.01） increase significantly. Therefore, sodium acetate can be one kind of good exogenous substance for the generation of lignite biogenic gas.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30970089,20876181,20831006)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (9351027501000003)
文摘Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum was constructed for L-ornithine production by disrupting genes of argF and proB to prevent the flux away from L-ornithine.Effect of the inactivation of 2-oxoglutarate de-hydrogenase complex(ODHC) on L-ornithine production was also investigated.It was found that the inactivation of ODHC by knockout of the kgd gene enhanced L-ornithine production.The engineered C.glutamicum ATCC13032(ΔargFΔproBΔkgd) produced L-ornithine up to 4.78 g·L-1 from 0.24 g·L-1 of the wild-type strain.In order to understand the mechanism of L-ornithine production in C.glutamicum ATCC13032(ΔargFΔproBΔkgd) and find out new strategies for further enhancing L-ornithine production,the comparative proteome between the wild-type and the engineered strain was analyzed.L-Ornithine overproduction in the engineered strain was related to the up-regulation of the expression levels of enzymes involved in L-ornithine biosynthesis pathway and down-regulation of the expression levels of proteins involved in pentose phosphate pathway.The overexpression of genes in the upstream pathway of glutamate to increase the availability of endogenous glutamate may further in-crease ornithine production in the engineered C.glutamicum and the ornithine synthesis enzymes(ArgCJBD) may not be the limiting enzymes in the engineered C.glutamicum.
文摘After deregulating the purine and riboflavin synthesis in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis,it is critical to amplify riboflavin operon with appropriate dosage in the host strain for remarkable increase of riboflavin production.Bacillus subtilis RH13, a riboflavin-producing strain, was selected as host strain in the construction of engineering strains by protoplast fusion. The integrative plasmid pRB63 and autonomous plasmid pRB49, pRB62 containing riboflavin operon of B.subtilis 24 were constructed and transformed into the host strain respectively. Increasing one operon copy in B.subtilis RH13 results in about 0.4 g/L improvement in riboflavin yield and the appropriate number of operon copies was about 7—8. Amplifying more riboflavin operons is of no use for further improvement of yield of riboflavin. Furthermore, excessive operon dosage results in metabolic unbalance and is fatal to the host cells producing riboflavin.
文摘In order to upgrade the conventional wood pellet, Japanese softwood and hardwood chips were torrefied at around 200-350℃, and pelletized. The characteristics of the torrefied material/pellets such as their calorific value, grinding energy, pelletizing energy and elemental composition, were also evaluated in this study. The calorific value rose with increasing torrefaction temperature and exceeded 25 MJ/kg （an increase of nearly 40% compared to the untreated state） for torrefaction at around 350℃. The grinding energy greatly decreased with increasing torrefaction temperature, and the reduction was larger for Japanese oak hardwood chips. The pelletization energy for the torrefied material tended to be slightly smaller than in the untreated case. People named such torrefied pellet as ＂hyper wood pellet＂.
文摘The preparation of macauba fruits （Acrocomia aculeate （Jacq.） Lodd. ex Martius） both for oil extraction by continuous pressing and biodiesel production were investigated. The fruits and its pulp and kernel were characterized for their resulting oils. Experimental design was carried out to study the transesterification of each oil to obtain the concentrations of ethanol and catalyst that would provide the best biodiesel yield. A higher amount of biodiesel was produced from the best conditions to evaluate some characteristics as specified by ANP （National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels）. The results showed a variation in the fruits composition and different characteristics presented by the pulp and kernel oil. It was possible to define technological steps to obtain oil from the fruits of macauba and find the optimal conditions to biodiesel production, concentration of catalyst 4.42% and 5% and 13.3：1 and 9：1 ethanol：oil molar ratio to kernel oil and pulp oil, respectively.
文摘Peformance enhancing drugs are widely used today in different sport fields, and therefore the successful anti-doping activity should be based not only on regular doping controls, but also it should show the real alternative： how to replace the forbidden doping substances with legal and effective supplements. The paper deals with application proposition of protein concentrates, free AA （amino acids）, HMB （hydroxy-methyle-butyrate）, creatine and camitine. If the athlete is involved in strength and power sport （e.g. throwing events in track and field, olympic weightlifting etc.）, the explosive and maximum strength is of primary importance. For strength athletes, these mentioned substances are those legal preparates, supplements, which can help effectively in performance improvement of sport results. The main reason is that using protein concentrates, AAs, HMB, creatine and camitine, the anabolic （and anticatabolic） effect will enhance the protein biosynthesis of the organism, improve the aerob and anaerob capacity of the athletes, activate and stimulate the own hormonal system. And the final result is creating higher loadability because of the faster recovery, and higher performance level on the competition. Of course, the athletes--as a minimum requirement--need an adequate nutrition （good balanced nourishment）, as well, with appropriate application and supplementation of all vitamins and essential minerals.
