利用发酵麦秆和鸡粪开发“绿色”生态基质肥

为了利用麦秆和鸡粪发酵制备优质生态基质肥,使用肥士特、金宝贝和HM菌剂对麦秆和鸡粪进行发酵比较研究,依据发酵后麦秆和鸡粪的理化指标选择合适的菌剂,同时将发酵后的麦秆与炉渣按一定比例混合,并测定混合基质的理化性质。结果表明,与未发酵的麦秆相比,发酵后的麦秆理化性质更接近无土栽培基质;HM菌剂发酵麦秆和鸡粪效果较好;发酵麦秆和炉渣按7∶3体积比混合的基质综合效果最佳;发酵麦秆∶炉渣∶发酵鸡粪按7∶2∶1混合时,有机肥效果最佳。

配施生物基质肥料对茶园土壤有机碳固持的影响

通过长期定位试验，研究连续4年配施生物基质肥料对茶园土壤有机碳固持的影响，结果表明：随着生物基质肥料施用比例的增加土壤有机碳含量呈现增加的趋势；土壤基础呼吸量以全量施用生物基质肥料最低，75%生物基质肥配施25%化肥最高；土壤微生物量碳随着生物基质肥料施用比例的增加而增加；生物基质肥料的施用显著提高了土壤微生物商，降低了土壤呼吸商；适当的施肥结构促进茶树生长和茶叶产量的提高，春茶茶叶产量以25%生物基质肥＋75%化肥处理最高，以100%生物基质肥料处理最低。综合配施生物基质肥料对茶园土壤有机碳固持和对茶树生长的影响，初步认为25%～50%生物基质肥＋75%～50%化肥适宜茶园施用。

全营养基质育苗肥在甜瓜上的应用效果

以京域优选莎白甜瓜为试材,研究了喷施北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所自制的全营养基质育苗肥对甜瓜幼苗生长状况的影响。结果表明:施用全营养基质育苗肥的幼苗地上部鲜重、干重、株高、茎粗、根鲜重、根干重、根体积、壮苗指数和植物氮、磷、钾含量都好于或高于不施育苗肥的幼苗,其中地上部干重、茎粗、根体积、壮苗指数和植物氮含量达到了显著差异水平(p<0.05)。说明全营养基质育苗肥对幼苗的快速生长与健壮及解决基质育苗中后期幼苗缺肥和脱肥的现象有较好的促进作用。

不同施肥方式对设施土壤次生盐渍化及蕹菜生产的影响

为缓解蔬菜大棚土壤次生盐渍化,通过添加土壤改良剂(微生物菌肥和稻糠菌基质肥),并在土壤中选种蕹菜,探讨土壤改良剂对次生盐渍化土壤理化性质及蕹菜生长的影响。结果表明,施用稻糠菌基质肥处理与对照不施任何肥料和改良剂处理相比,土壤硝酸盐含量降幅高达26.68%,土壤容重降幅可达21.01%,孔隙度可增加38.38%;土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾、有效磷等的含量分别增加20.68%、43.56%、22.17%、21.60%,差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。施用微生物菌肥和稻糠菌基质肥均能促进蕹菜植株生长,提升蕹菜产量与品质,施用稻糠菌基质肥处理收益增幅可达35.35%。由此可见,稻糠菌基质肥和微生物菌肥均能有效改良次生盐渍化土壤,稻糠菌基质肥效果更佳,可在设施蔬菜生产中推广应用。

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Growth and Sound Seedling Index of Green Cabbage Seedlings

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on growth and sound seedling index of green cabbage seedlings. [Method] A seedling-raising orthogonal test was carried out on green cabbage under different irrigation upper limits and different substrate nutrient levels. [Result] Proper irrigation could promote leaf expansion, while excessive irrigation wa- ter inhibited leaf expansion; fertilization inhibited leaf expansion; and water and fertil- izing coupling showed a superimposed effect on leaf expansion. Proper irrigation promoted stem and root growth; fertilization inhibited stem and root growth; and there was a very strong water and fertilizer interaction effect. Under more irrigation water and proper fertilizing amount, root growth was promoted, stem elongation was inhibited, material accumulation of plants was increased, and sound seedling index was improved. [Conclusion] Water and fertilizer coupling effect could be used for regulating growth and development of various organs of green cabbage and improv- ing seedling-raising efficiency and quality.

Effect of Amino Acid Fertilizer on Flue-cured Tobacco Fertilizer Reducing and Efficiency Increasing

[Objective] The aim was to explore the effect of amino acid fertilizer on the growth, development and quality of flue-cured tobacco. [Method] With Yunyan 87 as tested flue-cured tobacco varieties, three treatments （chemical fertilizer （control）, chemical fertilizer＋solid amino acid, chemical fertilizer＋liquid amino acid） were set up to study the effects of amino acid fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco fertilizer reducing and efficiency increasing by means of contrast in the same field. [Result] The flue-cured tobacco applied solid amino acid fertilizer had the best performances of overall agronomic traits and the highest yield, while liquid amino acid fertilizer was conductive to the top leaf opening, making the raw tobacco appearance best, and could increase the proportion of middle and high quality tobacco, gaining good economic benefits. The flue-cured tobacco treated by liquid amino acid fertilizer had the optimal ratio of total sugar to nicotine and disaccharide differences in tobacco leaves, and the best coordination of chemical composition. Compared with the contrel, tobacco treated by amino acid fertilizer had less irritating and more comfortable taste, and the tobacco treated by liquid amino acid had light miscellaneous gas, and the best overall performance of sensory quality. [Conclusion] Chemical fertilizer＋liquid amino acids is conductive to promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and improve the quality of tobacco leaves.

设施茄子连作障碍防控研究

以植株生长势、产量和品质为参考对象,开展了稻糠菌、生物培肥基质、高效水溶肥不同肥料组合对设施茄子连作障碍的防控研究。试验结果表明,稻糠菌+生物培肥基质+高效水溶肥处理组合可有效提升茄子植株生长势,增加产量,提高果实品质,克服设施茄子连作障碍,其中处理T1、T2效果较明显。

Effects of Amino Acid Foliar Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Different Vegetables

In order to explore the effects of amino acid foliar fertilizer on the yield and quality of different vegetables, we tested the spraying of an amino acid foliar fertilizer(Wanfeng 2) onto the leaves of cucumbers, eggplants and water spinach through contrast experiment in a greenhouse. The results showed that the yield increments of amino acid foliar fertilizer treatments in cucumbers, eggplants and water spinach were 11.57%, 4.43% and 12.41% respectively, and the output-input ratios were 64.52 ∶ 1, 53.31 ∶ 1 and 55.14 ∶ 1 respectively. Amino acid foliar fertilizer can influence the quality of greenhouse vegetables. The total sugar content of the cucumbers, eggplants, and water spinach significantly increased by 12.00%, 22.30%and 12.10% respectively. The vitamin C content increased by 4.76%, 24.80%, and10.90% respectively compared with the control. In conclusion, the spraying of amino acid foliar fertilizer could improve the yield and the nutritive quality of vegetables such as cucumbers, eggplants and water spinach.

Use of Wood Fibre Compost for the Cultivation of Trichoderma sp, （Isolate Td22）

The main objective of this research was to investigate the ability of a Trichoderma sp. （Td22）, inhibitory to Sclerotinia minor Jagger, to grow and survive in mature wood fibre waste （WFW） compost of paper mill origin following nutrient amendment. The growth and survival of the fungus in the WFW compost was assessed by serial dilution plate count method followed by confirmation of the fungal identity using pectic enzyme analysis as described in Cruickshank and Pitt [1]. It was found in this study that the population densities of TdE2 achieved under non-sterile conditions in the WFW compost following nutrient amendment was approximately in the range of 7.0 lOgl0 CFU/g dw - 8.5 log10 CFU/g dw after 28 days, depending on pre-treatment. The efficacy of this WFW compost-grown TdE2 for protection of lettuce from attack by S. minor was also demonstrated in glasshouse trials. This study indicates that cellulosic paper mill waste compost could provide an abundant low-cost growth medium for the large-scale cultivation of fungal antagonists, improving prospects for cost-competitiveness with chemical treatments.