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堂案、堂判与唐、五代中书门下体制下的政务运作
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作者 王孙盈政 《唐宋历史评论》 2022年第2期11-24,共14页
唐代三省制下,堂案当为宰相对军国大政发表议论的表状在政事堂的存档。开元十一年(723)中书门下体制建立以后,直至五代末期,堂案则是宰相和其他官员对军国大政和常务发表议论的表状在中书门下的存档。《唐国史补》称“宰相判四方之事有... 唐代三省制下,堂案当为宰相对军国大政发表议论的表状在政事堂的存档。开元十一年(723)中书门下体制建立以后,直至五代末期,堂案则是宰相和其他官员对军国大政和常务发表议论的表状在中书门下的存档。《唐国史补》称“宰相判四方之事有堂案”,误。此“堂案”实为“堂判”。中书门下体制下,宰相以堂判判四方、百司之事。堂案内容改变和堂判文书产生,是中书门下作为军国大政的决策机构和常务主要裁决机构在公文运行方面的反映。 展开更多
关键词 唐、五代时期 堂判 中书门下体制
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清代司法官的堂判判词研究——以《三邑治略》为研究中心
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作者 祖伟 《沈阳故宫博物院院刊》 2008年第1期62-73,共12页
清代司法官的堂判判词是对案件事实的认定、审理过程、证据的采信、判决结论的记录。清代的地方司法判决与地方官的行政命令具有同等的法律效力,大都以县令'堂谕'的形式表现出来。《三邑治略》卷四、五、六是清代光绪年间历任... 清代司法官的堂判判词是对案件事实的认定、审理过程、证据的采信、判决结论的记录。清代的地方司法判决与地方官的行政命令具有同等的法律效力,大都以县令'堂谕'的形式表现出来。《三邑治略》卷四、五、六是清代光绪年间历任湖北省利川、东湖、天门三县县令的熊宾,将任内所审理的案件并当堂所书的判词的汇编。对堂判判词的研究,可再现清代地方司法官的审判实践,探究清代地方司法官是如何审理案件的,包括如何认定案件事实,如何当堂质证,证据如何采信,如何适用法律、条例,如何将情理法交融在司法判决中,其作出的判决结论反映了清代司法官乃至统治者的司法价值取向。 展开更多
关键词 清代地方司法 堂判 事实的认定 证据的采信
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唐判发微——略论几则涉林判词的史料价值 被引量:1
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作者 林林 林鸿荣 《北京林业大学学报(社会科学版)》 2005年第3期31-34,共4页
判是盛行唐代官场,用四六骈文书写的司法文书,也是应试考生科举及第之后、授官之前“覆其吏事”的重要科目。判有官场堂判、应试之判的区分,而“文理优长”、短小精干,乃所有判词必具的特征。不少官场堂判、应试之判都有值得重视的史料... 判是盛行唐代官场,用四六骈文书写的司法文书,也是应试考生科举及第之后、授官之前“覆其吏事”的重要科目。判有官场堂判、应试之判的区分,而“文理优长”、短小精干,乃所有判词必具的特征。不少官场堂判、应试之判都有值得重视的史料价值。笔者在概述唐判的一般情况之后,侧重考察五则涉及林业的应试唐判,以期弥补史乘记述之不足,深化当代人对唐代林业的认识。 展开更多
关键词 官场堂判 应试唐 涉林
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eacher Power: A Critical Discourse Perspective Department of Fine Arts,Chongqing University of Education
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作者 Zhou Ting Xu Xi 《International Journal of Technology Management》 2014年第6期67-69,共3页
Power relation can be revealed in discourse. Teacher power, to a large extent, is manifested through teacher talk. This paper attempts to provide an analysis of classroom language from a critical discourse perspective... Power relation can be revealed in discourse. Teacher power, to a large extent, is manifested through teacher talk. This paper attempts to provide an analysis of classroom language from a critical discourse perspective as to uncover the power hidden in teacher talk and of how language contributes to teacher power. 展开更多
关键词 teacher power teacher talk critical discourse analysis
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Cultivation of Critical Thinking Skills in College English Classrooms
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作者 Yueqiao Liang 《International Journal of Technology Management》 2015年第4期60-62,共3页
This paper is a qualitative study of the cultivation of critical thinking skill in college English classrooms in China. Critical thinking has long been recognized as an important part of the curricular framework in ed... This paper is a qualitative study of the cultivation of critical thinking skill in college English classrooms in China. Critical thinking has long been recognized as an important part of the curricular framework in education western countries. However, the instruction of critical thinking has not gained prominence in Chinese universities. The author does research on how to foster students' critical thinking skills in the college English classrooms, and proposes some methods and techniques to facilitate the skills: change teachers' concept of language teaching, create a flexible atmosphere in the classrooms, teach students how to raise questions, and teach them to express logically. 展开更多
关键词 critical thinking skills college English classrooms methods and techniques
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Effects of Formal Instruction on the Development of Learners’ Critical Thinking Ability 被引量:3
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作者 武立红 贾宁 林温霜 《Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics》 2012年第2期229-242,257,共15页
Over the past decades, increasingly more critical thinking (CT) in Western countries. attention has been paid to cultivating learners' Chinese educators and teachers have also realized the necessity of developing C... Over the past decades, increasingly more critical thinking (CT) in Western countries. attention has been paid to cultivating learners' Chinese educators and teachers have also realized the necessity of developing Chinese students' ability for critical thinking and advocated pedagogical reform. However, the practice of formal instruction in developing learners' critical thinking and related empirical studies are rarely seen. This pilot research, selecting four major critical thinking skills, is aimed to study the effects of formal instruction on the development of Chinese college students' critical thinking ability. With the quantitative and qualitative research, the findings indicate that the intensive instruction is effective in improving the sample's critical thinking ability, NOT in terms of the observed behavioral change, BUT in terms of their unobservable mental awareness. 展开更多
关键词 critical thinking ability formal instruction college students
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