污泥堆肥土种植盆栽长春花渗滤液中重金属含量

[目的]明确利用污泥堆肥土种植植物的可行性。[方法]分别用生活污泥堆肥而成的堆肥土和菜园土种植盆栽长春花,每2周收集渗滤液,分析长春花的存活率及渗滤液中Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn的含量。[结果]利用堆肥土种植盆栽长春花的长势优于菜园土,参照《地表水环境指标标准(GB 3838—2002)》的评价标准,综合评价渗滤液中重金属(Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn)均符合Ⅴ类水标准。[结论]经过堆肥处理的堆肥土的种植效果好,且不扩散污染,可为土地利用。

盆栽花卉对培养土的要求

室内及温室花卉大多栽植在盆内。由于花盆体积有限,植物生长期又长,一方面要求培养土有足够的营养物质,还要求其空隙适当,有一定的保水功能和通气性,因此需要人工配土,这种土被称为培养土。花卉种类繁多,生长习性各异,培养土应根据花卉生长习性和材料的性质调配。

盆栽花卉 用土有讲究

室内及温室花卉大多栽植在盆内.由于花盆体积有限,植物生长期又长,一方面要求培养土有足够的营养物质,还要求其空隙适当,有一定的保水功能和通气性,因此需要人工配土,这种土被称为培养土.花卉种类繁多,生长习性各异,培养土应根据花卉生长习性和材料的性质调配.

盆栽花卉培养土配制要点

花卉种类繁多．生长习性各异。培养土应根据花卉生长习性和材料的性质调配。 1．堆肥土。用枯枝、落叶、青草、果皮、粪便、毛骨、内脏等为原料，加上换盆旧土、炉灰、园土共同堆积．往上面浇灌人畜粪便。最后再在四周和上面覆盖园土。

浅谈温室花卉的栽培管理

温室中花卉的栽培主要以盆栽为主,此文浅谈温室盆栽的管理方法。 一、培养土的制造与配制 常见的温室用土种类。1、堆肥土：由植物的残枝落叶,换盆土、青草及干枯的植物等，一层一层地堆积起来，经发酵腐热而成，含有较多的腐殖质和矿物质，一般为中性或微碱性土，这样的土，一般适用性广，北方生长的各种花卉均可采用。

怎样养好玉簪花

玉簪花喜富含腐殖质的肥沃壤土，盆栽用的培育土为园土（熟土）5份、腐叶土3份、堆肥土2份或园土4份、泥炭土3份、堆肥土2份和1份砻糠灰混合。

Effect of Composts,Lime and Diammonium Phosphate on the Phytoavailability of Heavy Metals in a Copper Mine Tailing Soil

Soil samples from a historic copper mine tailing site at the Parys Mountain,North Wales(UK) were amended with green waste compost(GC),GC+30% sewage sludge(GCS),lime and diammonium phosphate(DAP),to determine the effect of amendments on DTPA-and Ca(NO3)2-extractable metals in the mine tailing and on the phytoavailability of heavy metals by a lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.).Both compost were added at the rate of 10% by weight,lime was added as calcium carbonate equivalent(pH = 7) and DAP at a 2300 mg kg-1 soil level.The experiment was arranged in randomised complete design with three replicates in pots under control environment.Addition of lime resulted in the largest reduction in metal extractability with DTPA and Ca(NO3)2 and phytoavailability of Cu,Fe and Zn while DAP was effective in lowering Pb extractability and phytoavailability.With exception of Zn,all other metals extracted decreased with time after amendment applications.The distribution of heavy metals between and within the four procedures of potentially bioavailable sequential extraction(PBASE) varied significantly(P < 0.001).Stronger relationships were noted between the metals extracted with PBASE SE1 and Cu,Pb(P < 0.01) and Fe(P < 0.001) in the lettuce.These results indicate that addition of lime is sufficient to restore the vegetative cover to a high metal mine waste while DAP is good for stabilizing Pb,but its detrimental role on plant growth and the risk associated with presence of N in DAP(through N leaching) may restrict its chances for remediation of contaminated sites.

Effect of Long－Term Application of Compost on Some Chemical Properties of Wheat Rhizosphere and NonRhizosphere Soils

Compost of dtherent rates was applied to artificial field plots of a low humic andosol at National Agriculture Research Center (NARC) of Japan for 15 or 28 years, and their effects on the chemical properties of wheat rhisosphere soil and nonrhizosphere soil were measured.Continuous application of compost for 28 years resulted in raise of soil C, N, P, pH and exchangeable bases. The building up of organic matter in the soil occurred slowly A residual effect of the compost on soil chemical properties was still present after 13 years of no application, but this effect was weaker in comparison with that of the continuous application treatments. In the rhizosphere soil, NaHCO3-extracted P and exchangeable Ca were higher than those in the bulk soil. The removal of free organic acid slightly affected the soil pH, especially, the rhizosphere soil pH. The raise of soil pH may result from the increase of exchangeable base by the application of compost.

Phosphorus Changes and Sorption Characteristics in a Calcareous Soil Under Long-Term Fertilization

Knowledge of phosphorus （P） behavior in long-term fertilized soils is essential for programming fertilization practices and for sustaining environmental quality. The long-term （1984-1997） effects of various fertilization treatments on P changes and sorption isotherms as well as the relationship of soil properties to P sorption and P forms were evaluated in an Ustic Isohumisol, a calcareous soil, on the Loess Plateau, China. Compared to 1984, after 13 years of crop production, total soil P in the no-P treatments （control and N treatment） decreased by 5%-7%, but in the phosphorus fertilizer alone （P）, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in combination （NP）, manure alone （M）, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and manure in combination （NPM） treatments, it increased by 22%, 19%, 28%, and 58%, respectively. Residual fertilizer P was found mainly in NH4Ac-soluble P （Cas-P）, followed by NaHCO3-soluble P （NaHCO3-P）, and NH4F-soluble P （Al-P）. Phosphorus sorption in the soils with different fertilization practices fit the Langmuir equations. Phosphorus sorption capacity in the no-P treatments increased, whereas it decreased in the P-included treatments （P, NP, and NPM treatments）. Phosphorus sorption maximum （Qm） was significantly and negatively correlated to inorganic P including NaHCO3-P, Cas-P, NaOH-Na2CO3-soluble P （Fe-P）, and Al-P （P ≤ 0.01）. Moreover, long-term fertilization increased soil organic carbon in the NP, M, and NPM treatments and decreased pH in the NP and NPM treatments. Thus, the ability of the soil to release sorbed P to the environment increased under long-term P fertilization.

Poultry Manure Compost Alleviates the Phytotoxicity of Soil Cadmium: Influence on Growth of Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)

The growth performance of pakchoi （Brassica chinensis L.） in relation to soil cadmium （Cd） fractionations was investigated to evaluate the remediating effect of poultry manure compost on Cd-contaminated soil. A yellow-brown soil （Alfisol） treated with various levels of Cd （0 50 mg Cd kg^-1 soil） was amended with increasing amounts of compost from 0 to 120 g kg^-1. Compost application transformed 47.8%-69.8% of soluble/exchangeable Cd to the organic-bound fraction, and consequently decreased Cd uptake of pakchoi by 56.2%-62.5% as compared with unamended soil. Alleviation of Cd bioavailability by compost was attributed primarily to the increase of soil pH and complexation of Cd by organic matter including dissolved organic matter. In general, the improvement of pakchoi performance was more pronounced in higher Cd-contaminated soil. Addition of large amount of compost also favored the anti-oxidative capability of pakchoi against Cd toxicity. This low cost remediation method seems to be very effective in the restoration of Cd-eontaminated soils.

Aerobic composting of paper mill sludge and the reuse of compost in agriculture

Paper mill sludge （PMS） is a kind of bio-solid waste. The technology of aerobic composting of PMS was investigated. The ratio of the material components was as follows, sludge：chicken dung：spill=6kg：2kg：4kg, which could attain 55% moisture content （MC） and 25 the ration of carbon to nitrogen （C/N）. The aeration rule of fan was controlled by single chip microcomputer （SCM）. During composting, the system temperature more than 55℃ lasted for 3 days, pH changed in the range of 6.5-8.5 and MC changed between 53% to 60%. PMS became mature on the 20th day. The germination index （GI） of compost attained 95% or so and coliform was 23/100 ml volatile solid （VS） and organic carbon （OC） were stable at the content of 60% and 30%, respectively. The result showed that this technology could make the sludge stable and innocuous. A pot experiment with latosolic red soil mixed with paper mill sludge compost （PMSC） was carried on. The result showed that PMSC could increase the crop biomass, the soil nutrients and the physical characteristics of the soil, such as OC, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）. The total amount of heavy metals in the soil was measured to be lower than the Environmental standard for soil in China （GB15618-1995）. So PMSC was a good and safe soil amendment.

Nitrate Accumulation in Soil Profile of Dry Land Farming in Northwest China

A long-term fertilizer experiment on dry land of the Loess Plateau, northwestChina, has been conducted since 1984 to study the distribution and accumulation of NO_3-N down to adepth of 400 cm in the profile of a coarse-textured dark loessial soilafter continuous winter wheatcropping. Thirteen fertilizer treatments consisted of four levels of N and P applied alone or incombination. Annual N and P (P_2O_5) rates were 0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 kg ha^(-1). After 15successive cropping cycles, the soil samples were taken from each treatment for analysis of NO_3-Nconcentration. The results showed that NO_3-N distribution in the soil profile was quite differentamong the treatments. The application of fertilizer N alone resulted in higher NO_3-N concentrationin the soil profile than the combined application of N and P, showing that application of P couldgreatly reduce the NO_3-N accumulation. With an annual application of 180 kg N ha^(-1) alone, a peakin NO_3-N accumulation occurred at 140 cm soildepth, and the maximum NO_3-N concentration in thesoils was 67.92 mg kg^(-1). The amount of NO_3-N accumulated in the soil profile decreased as thecumulative N uptake by the winter wheat increased. Application of a large amount of N resulted inlowerN recoveries in winter wheat and greater NO_3-N accumulation in soil profile. KO_3-N did notenter underground water in the study region; therefore, there is no danger of underground waterpollution. Amount of NO_3-N accumulation can be predicted by an equation according to annual N and Prates based on the results of this experiment.

Characterization of Compost and Soil Humic Substances by Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Quality of soil humic substances and compost quality was assessed using different techniques of fluorescence spectroscopy. Emission, excitation, synchronous and emission-excitation matrix help us to characterize different fluorophores in humic substances molecule. Content of stabile carbon forms in soil was assessed by humic substances fractionation. Content of labile water extractable carbon and nitrogen was determined by analyzer Shimadzu TOC-VCSH with chemo-luminescent detection in infrared spectral region. Results showed that compost amendment caused changes in both stabile （recalcitrant） and labile carbon content. Humic substances isolated from compost consist mainly of simple structural components of wide molecular heterogeneity and low molecular weight. Humification degree and content of conjugated fluorophores in compost was lower compared with stabile soil humic substances. The last contained more conjugated aromatic π-electron systems with electron-withdrawing functional groups, which are responsible for the fluorescence shift to lower energy levels or longer wavelengths.

盆栽蔬菜如何选用基质和肥料

种好盆栽蔬菜,很重要的是基质的配制和肥料的施用,具体有以下几方面。基质盆栽蔬菜宜选用疏松、透气、重量轻、易于搬动及有机质含量较高的基质,尽量少用泥土。通常选用腐叶土、腐质土、泥炭土、锯末、刨花、稻壳等和泥炭混合,也可以用细河沙或沙土、珍珠岩、蛭石、煤渣等与腐叶土、堆肥土、泥炭土混合。

怎样养好玉簪花

玉簪花喜含腐殖质的肥沃土壤,盆栽的培育土最好为园土(熟土)5份、腐叶土3份、堆肥土2份,或园土4份、泥炭土3份、堆肥土2份和1份砻糠灰混合。玉簪花宜生长在湿润但排水较好的半阴半阳环境中。露地栽培则选择屋后、树荫下或较阴湿肥沃的土地。