Microstructure-fracture toughness relationships and toughening mechanism of TC21 titanium alloy with lamellar microstructure

The independent influence of microstructural features on fracture toughness of TC21alloy with lamellar microstructure was investigated.Triple heat treatments were designed to obtain lamellar microstructures with different parameters,which were characterized by OM and SEM.The size and content ofαplates were mainly determined by cooling rate from singleβphase field and solution temperature in two-phase field;while the precipitation behavior of secondaryαplatelets was dominantly controlled by aging temperature in two-phase field.The content and thickness ofαplates and the thickness of secondaryαplatelets were important microstructural features influencing the fracture toughness.Both increasing the content ofαplates and thickeningαplates(or secondaryαplatelets)could enhance the fracture toughness of TC21alloy.Based on energy consumption by the plastic zone of crack tip inαplates,a toughening mechanism for titanium alloys was proposed.

Hydraulic cylinder control of injection molding machine based on differential evolution fractional order PID

Injection molding machine,hydraulic elevator,speed actuators belong to variable speed pump control cylinder system.Because variable speed pump control cylinder system is a nonlinear hydraulic system,it has some problems such as response lag and poor steady-state accuracy.To solve these problems,for the hydraulic cylinder of injection molding machine driven by the servo motor,a fractional order proportion-integration-diferentiation(FOPID)control strategy is proposed to realize the speed tracking control.Combined with the adaptive differential evolution algorithm,FOPID control strategy is used to determine the parameters of controller on line based on the test on the servo-motor-driven gear-pump-controlled hydraulic cylinder injection molding machine.Then the slef-adaptive differential evolution fractional order PID controller(SADE-FOPID)model of variable speed pump-controlled hydraulic cylinder is established in the test system with simulated loading.The simulation results show that compared with the classical PID control,the FOPID has better steady-state accuracy and fast response when the control parameters are optimized by the adaptive differential evolution algorithm.Experimental results show that SADE-FOPID control strategy is effective and feasible,and has good anti-load disturbance performance.

形变强化和逆相变细晶强化对Fe-18Cr-8Ni钢组织和性能的影响

奥氏体不锈钢较低的屈服强度限制了它在结构件中的使用。采用形变和相逆转变方法分别制备出了高屈服强度的奥氏体不锈钢。利用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射技术和万能试验机分别对奥氏体钢进行组织表征和力学性能测试,结果表明粗大的奥氏体晶粒在形变过程中形成位错、剪切带、应变诱导马氏体等组织,相逆转变方法获得了超细的无缺陷等轴奥氏体晶粒。形变强化和细晶强化均能明显提高奥氏体不锈钢屈服强度(280 MPa提升至550 MPa)的同时保持较好的塑性(伸长率46%和55%)。