圆形钢筋混凝土桥墩等效塑性铰长度

基于桥墩极限位移三分量模型,从弯曲、剪切和纵筋滑移变形等三方面分析了桥墩塑性铰长度的主要影响参数;通过40个圆形钢筋混凝土桥墩试验数据的分析,建议了桥墩塑性铰长度的理论公式及经验公式;并对建议及各规范的塑性铰长度公式进行了模型桥墩、足尺桥墩和实桥桥墩的验证。结果表明:钢筋混凝土桥墩塑性铰长度主要随墩高、截面高度、材料特性参数(fydb/fc')及纵筋率的增大而增大,与轴压比、配箍率等关系不大;与试验结果相比,就平均意义而言,各国规范塑性铰长度计算结果偏于安全,但均有较大的离散性,日本JRA规范最为保守,中国《公路桥梁抗震设计细则》(JTG/T B02-01—2008)较美国Caltrans规范及欧洲Eurocode8规范保守;建议的塑性铰长度理论公式与日本JRA规范相当,建议的塑性铰长度经验公式在平均意义上与美国Caltrans规范及欧洲Eurocode8规范一致,但具有较小的变异系数和较高的保证率,优于其他公式。

DETERMINATION OF PRESSURIZING CURVE AND COMPUTER CONTROL OF THICKNESS THINNING FOR SUPERPLASTIC BULGING

This paper proposes the assumption that the flow with viscous friction is the stretch of part of the sheet that lies along the walls of a die during the process of superplastic bulging according to superplastic flow equation and geometrical model of bulging of a sheet into a long trapezoid groove or truncated cone, by introducing the friction-factor P which describes the friction effect on the process. Also, the paper proposes the method of controlling thickness nonuniformity and develops the equipment which for uniform thickness of bulging, is automatically controlled with a computerl it also analyzes the important innuence of lubrication on thickness distribution of bulging materials. By the assumption, the relationship between bulging pressure and time is obtained in bulging of a sheet into the groove and cone, and p-t curve of multi-mould-cavity complicated bulging is discussed based on the analysis of single-mould-cavity bulging characteristics.

基于能量准则的板翅式换热器封头塑性载荷研究

针对基于能量准则的板翅式换热器封头强度设计问题,给出了比率塑性功曲率(Ratio Plastic WorkCurvature,RPWC)准则塑性载荷和塑性功曲率(Plastic Work Curvature,PWC)准则塑性载荷确定方法。两种准则的封头塑性压力结果一致表明大变形效应对封头结构有强化效果。5种接管开孔率的塑性压力比较结果表明,PWC塑性压力最大,RPWC塑性压力其次,PWC工程塑性压力最小,RPWC塑性压力对应的比率塑性功小于PWC零曲率塑性载荷对应的比率塑性功。RPWC准则相对PWC零曲率准则临界塑性指标更严格,具有偏安全、简便直观的特点,适合板翅式换热器封头这类复杂结构的塑性压力计算,而PWC工程塑性载荷可用于工程设计载荷的保守估计。

Springback equation of small curvature plane bending

A new analytical method for springback of small curvature plane bending is addressed with unloading rule of classical elastic-plastic theory and principle of strain superposition.We start from strain analysis of plane bending which has initial curvature,and the theoretic derivation is on the widely applicable basic hypotheses.The results are unified to geometry constraint equations and springback equation of plane bending,which can be evolved to straight beam plane bending and pure bending.The expanding and setting round process is one of the situations of plane bending,which is a bend-stretching process of plane curved beam.In the present study,springback equation of plane bending is used to analyze the expanding and setting round process,and the results agree with the experimental data.With a reasonable prediction accuracy,this new analytical method for springback of plane bending can meet the needs of applications in engineering.

Experimental Study of Pseudoplastic Fluid Flows in a Square Duct of Strong Curvature

In this paper, laminar and turbulent flows of pseudoplastic fluids(0.1% and 0.2% by weight aqueous solutions of carboxymethylcellulose) in a square duct of strong curvature were measured using an ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry and microphones. Streamwise velocity in cross-sections of the duct and the fluctuating pressure on walls were measured for different flow rates. The velocity contours and their development along the duct were presented and compared with benchmark experiments by Taylor, Whitelaw and Yianneskis(1982) which were for the laminar and turbulent flows of water. The spectra of fluctuating wall pressures were also presented and analyzed. The objective of this paper was to provide a basis for understanding the pseudoplastic fluid flows in curved ducts. The results were also intended for use in the further development of numerical methods and turbulence models for shear-thinning fluids.