The numerical thermal mechanical simulation of radial forging process of steel H13 stepped shaft with GFM(Gesellschaft fur Fertigungstechnik und Maschinenbau) forging machine was carried out by three-dimensional finit...The numerical thermal mechanical simulation of radial forging process of steel H13 stepped shaft with GFM(Gesellschaft fur Fertigungstechnik und Maschinenbau) forging machine was carried out by three-dimensional finite element code DEFORM 3D.According to the effective plastic strain,the mean stress and the mean plastic strain distribution of the radial forging,the forging penetration efficiency(FPE) was studied throughout each operation.The results show that the effective plastic strain in the center of the forging is always greater than zero for the desirable larger axial drawing velocity.The mean stress in the center of the workpiece is proposed to describe hydrostatic pressure in this paper.There is compressive strain layer beneath the surface of the workpiece to be found,while there is tensile strain core in the center of the workpiece.These results could be a valuable reference for designing the similar forging operations.展开更多
Relative permeability is an indispensable property for characterizing the unsaturated flow and induced deformation in soils. The widely used Mualem model is inadequate for deformable soils because of its assumption of...Relative permeability is an indispensable property for characterizing the unsaturated flow and induced deformation in soils. The widely used Mualem model is inadequate for deformable soils because of its assumption of a rigid pore structure and the resultant unique dependence of the tortuosity factor on the volumetric water content. In this study, a unified relationship between the relative permeability and the effective degree of saturation was proposed for deformable soils by incorporating our newly developed water retention curve model into the original Mualem model, in which a new tortuosity factor was defined using the fractal dimension of flow paths and the mean radius of water-filled pores for representing the effect of pore structure variation. The modified deformation-dependent relative permeability model was verified using test data on five types of soils; the verification revealed a much better performance of the proposed model than the original model, which commonly overestimates the relative permeability of deformable soils. Finally, the proposed model was implemented in a coupled numerical model for examining the unsaturated flow and elastoplastic deformation processes in a soil slope induced by rain infiltration. The numerical results showed that the deformation-dependent nature of relative permeability has a remarkable effect on the elastoplastic deformation in the slope and that neglect of the deformation-dependent behavior of relative permeability causes overestimation of the depth of failure.展开更多
文摘The numerical thermal mechanical simulation of radial forging process of steel H13 stepped shaft with GFM(Gesellschaft fur Fertigungstechnik und Maschinenbau) forging machine was carried out by three-dimensional finite element code DEFORM 3D.According to the effective plastic strain,the mean stress and the mean plastic strain distribution of the radial forging,the forging penetration efficiency(FPE) was studied throughout each operation.The results show that the effective plastic strain in the center of the forging is always greater than zero for the desirable larger axial drawing velocity.The mean stress in the center of the workpiece is proposed to describe hydrostatic pressure in this paper.There is compressive strain layer beneath the surface of the workpiece to be found,while there is tensile strain core in the center of the workpiece.These results could be a valuable reference for designing the similar forging operations.
基金supported by the CRSRI Open Research Program(Grant No.CKWV2015209/KY)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51409198,51179136&51222903)
文摘Relative permeability is an indispensable property for characterizing the unsaturated flow and induced deformation in soils. The widely used Mualem model is inadequate for deformable soils because of its assumption of a rigid pore structure and the resultant unique dependence of the tortuosity factor on the volumetric water content. In this study, a unified relationship between the relative permeability and the effective degree of saturation was proposed for deformable soils by incorporating our newly developed water retention curve model into the original Mualem model, in which a new tortuosity factor was defined using the fractal dimension of flow paths and the mean radius of water-filled pores for representing the effect of pore structure variation. The modified deformation-dependent relative permeability model was verified using test data on five types of soils; the verification revealed a much better performance of the proposed model than the original model, which commonly overestimates the relative permeability of deformable soils. Finally, the proposed model was implemented in a coupled numerical model for examining the unsaturated flow and elastoplastic deformation processes in a soil slope induced by rain infiltration. The numerical results showed that the deformation-dependent nature of relative permeability has a remarkable effect on the elastoplastic deformation in the slope and that neglect of the deformation-dependent behavior of relative permeability causes overestimation of the depth of failure.
