关于公元7世纪以前的苯教[1],许多文献都有记载,但是由于它们大多数为伏藏文献,后世之作,加上藏文创制的年代尚无定论,所以其可靠程度受到了质疑.可青海湖地区的塞康文化却是吐蕃苯教一脉相承的延续,是吐蕃苯教的活化石.但是,学术界对...关于公元7世纪以前的苯教[1],许多文献都有记载,但是由于它们大多数为伏藏文献,后世之作,加上藏文创制的年代尚无定论,所以其可靠程度受到了质疑.可青海湖地区的塞康文化却是吐蕃苯教一脉相承的延续,是吐蕃苯教的活化石.但是,学术界对此从未进行过研究,成为苯教研究中的一个空白.在1996年对热贡苯教进行的调查的基础上,笔者为在印第安那召开的第八届国际藏学会撰写过题为<青海湖地区的本教密士>(Bonpo Tantrics in Kokonor Area)的论文,对青海湖地区的苯教密宗士及其塞康进行了初步的探讨.本文在原有的基础上,试图更进一步地将其作为一种文化现象进行了研究,希望能引起同行对此的兴趣和进一步的讨论.展开更多
QRAL contraceptives are widely used to prevent pregnancy. A number of studies have dem- onstrated the increased risk of venous throm- boembolism in women taking oral contracep-tives.1, 2 Pulmonary embolism （PE） and ...QRAL contraceptives are widely used to prevent pregnancy. A number of studies have dem- onstrated the increased risk of venous throm- boembolism in women taking oral contracep-tives.1, 2 Pulmonary embolism （PE） and deep vein throm- bosis （DVT） are two clinical presentations of venous thromboembolism which share the same predisposing factors.3 This article described a female patient who taked oral contraceptives and had an unhealthy life habit de- veloped PE and DVT. CASE DESCRIPTION展开更多
Objectives:This study aimed to assess the effects of modified pulmonary rehabilitation(PR)on patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:A total of 125 patients(63 in the PR gr...Objectives:This study aimed to assess the effects of modified pulmonary rehabilitation(PR)on patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:A total of 125 patients(63 in the PR group and 62 in the control group)were recruited in this study.The patients in the PR group received 12 weeks of conventional treatment,nursing,and modified pulmonary rehabilitation,while the patients in the control group underwent 12 weeks of conventional treatment,nursing,pursed-lip breathing training,and abdominal breathing training.Baseline characteristics,St.George's Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ),the six-minute walk test(6MWT),modified medical research council(MMRC)dyspnea scale,and lung function were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 112 patients(58 patients in the PR group and 54 patients in the control group)completed the 12-week monitoring and follow-up.The SGRQ scores,symptoms(54.933±11.900),activity(52.644±14.334),impact(55.400±9.905),and total score(54.655±10.681)of the PR group did not significantly differ in pre-and post-treatments(P<0.05).No significant change was also observed in the control group(P>0.05).6MWT[(372.089±67.149)m]was significantly improved in the PR group(P<0.05)but was not significantly different in the control group(P>0.05).MMRC(actual rank sum 1719,rank sum 2047.5)was significantly reduced in the PR group(P<0.05)but not in the control group(P>0.05).The lung function(FVC,FEV1,FEV1/FVC,FEV1%and PEF)of the patients in both groups did not significantly change(P>0.05).Conclusion:Modified PR reduces the symptoms of dyspnea,increases exercise capacity,and improves the quality of life of patients with moderate to severe COPD.展开更多
Air pollution is one of the leading cause of death for underdeveloped as well as developed countries. In 2011, the air pollution was the second leading cause of death in one of the main hospitals of the Kathmandu Vall...Air pollution is one of the leading cause of death for underdeveloped as well as developed countries. In 2011, the air pollution was the second leading cause of death in one of the main hospitals of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, and it was the third leading cause in the United States. Burning fossil fuels for transportation was one of the major causes. Among various impacts of the air pollution, COPD （chronic obstructive pulmonary disease） was one of the main consequences. In the 570 km2 Kathmandu Valley, vehicle registration was increased from 45,871 in 1990/1991 to 570,145 in 2010/2011, an increase of over 12-fold over 20 years. The vehicle registration and number of COPD patients＇ data were collected from various government divisions. In addition, the average daily travel distance and fuel mileage data were collected with a survey with residents of the Kathmandu Valley. This paper calculates the amount of carbon dioxide （CO2） emissions by transportation sector and determines correlation between CO2 emissions and COPD patients. Results show that there was a very high level of CO2 emissions, and it was positively correlated with the number of COPD patients in the valley.展开更多
文摘关于公元7世纪以前的苯教[1],许多文献都有记载,但是由于它们大多数为伏藏文献,后世之作,加上藏文创制的年代尚无定论,所以其可靠程度受到了质疑.可青海湖地区的塞康文化却是吐蕃苯教一脉相承的延续,是吐蕃苯教的活化石.但是,学术界对此从未进行过研究,成为苯教研究中的一个空白.在1996年对热贡苯教进行的调查的基础上,笔者为在印第安那召开的第八届国际藏学会撰写过题为<青海湖地区的本教密士>(Bonpo Tantrics in Kokonor Area)的论文,对青海湖地区的苯教密宗士及其塞康进行了初步的探讨.本文在原有的基础上,试图更进一步地将其作为一种文化现象进行了研究,希望能引起同行对此的兴趣和进一步的讨论.
文摘QRAL contraceptives are widely used to prevent pregnancy. A number of studies have dem- onstrated the increased risk of venous throm- boembolism in women taking oral contracep-tives.1, 2 Pulmonary embolism （PE） and deep vein throm- bosis （DVT） are two clinical presentations of venous thromboembolism which share the same predisposing factors.3 This article described a female patient who taked oral contraceptives and had an unhealthy life habit de- veloped PE and DVT. CASE DESCRIPTION
基金This work was financially supported by the Instructive Research Program of Changzhou Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(WZ201417)
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to assess the effects of modified pulmonary rehabilitation(PR)on patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:A total of 125 patients(63 in the PR group and 62 in the control group)were recruited in this study.The patients in the PR group received 12 weeks of conventional treatment,nursing,and modified pulmonary rehabilitation,while the patients in the control group underwent 12 weeks of conventional treatment,nursing,pursed-lip breathing training,and abdominal breathing training.Baseline characteristics,St.George's Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ),the six-minute walk test(6MWT),modified medical research council(MMRC)dyspnea scale,and lung function were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 112 patients(58 patients in the PR group and 54 patients in the control group)completed the 12-week monitoring and follow-up.The SGRQ scores,symptoms(54.933±11.900),activity(52.644±14.334),impact(55.400±9.905),and total score(54.655±10.681)of the PR group did not significantly differ in pre-and post-treatments(P<0.05).No significant change was also observed in the control group(P>0.05).6MWT[(372.089±67.149)m]was significantly improved in the PR group(P<0.05)but was not significantly different in the control group(P>0.05).MMRC(actual rank sum 1719,rank sum 2047.5)was significantly reduced in the PR group(P<0.05)but not in the control group(P>0.05).The lung function(FVC,FEV1,FEV1/FVC,FEV1%and PEF)of the patients in both groups did not significantly change(P>0.05).Conclusion:Modified PR reduces the symptoms of dyspnea,increases exercise capacity,and improves the quality of life of patients with moderate to severe COPD.
文摘Air pollution is one of the leading cause of death for underdeveloped as well as developed countries. In 2011, the air pollution was the second leading cause of death in one of the main hospitals of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, and it was the third leading cause in the United States. Burning fossil fuels for transportation was one of the major causes. Among various impacts of the air pollution, COPD （chronic obstructive pulmonary disease） was one of the main consequences. In the 570 km2 Kathmandu Valley, vehicle registration was increased from 45,871 in 1990/1991 to 570,145 in 2010/2011, an increase of over 12-fold over 20 years. The vehicle registration and number of COPD patients＇ data were collected from various government divisions. In addition, the average daily travel distance and fuel mileage data were collected with a survey with residents of the Kathmandu Valley. This paper calculates the amount of carbon dioxide （CO2） emissions by transportation sector and determines correlation between CO2 emissions and COPD patients. Results show that there was a very high level of CO2 emissions, and it was positively correlated with the number of COPD patients in the valley.
