拔根塞源法结合微创技术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘的临床疗效分析

目的评价拔根塞源法结合微创技术治疗肛瘘的效果。方法将南京市中医院全国肛肠医疗中心2015年5月至2017年2月收治入院的111例高位复杂性肛瘘患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组组采用拔根赛源法结合微创技术治疗,对照组采用低位切开高位挂线术治疗,比较两者患者的治疗情况。结果治疗组与对照组在治愈率、总疗效上无显著性差异。但在伤口愈合时间,肛门功能保护方面优于对照组。结论拔根赛源法结合微创技术治疗高位复杂性肛瘘,能够保护肛门功能,减少愈合时间。

王阳明的拔本塞源论

王阳明在《答顾东桥书》中提出"拔本塞源论"(见《传习录》卷中),这是一篇受到许多学者称赞的名文,是王阳明的代表作之一。文章盛赞唐虞三代的道德隆盛以及后世的衰乱。文章认为,唐虞三代之时,人人都"以成德为事",实行"父子有亲、君臣有义、夫妇有别、长幼有序、朋友有信","教者惟以此为教,而学者惟以此为学。"此时"无有闻见之杂、记诵之烦、辞章之靡滥、功利之驰逐。"到了后世,"圣学晦而邪说横"。

名人名言

强本而节用,则天不能贫。 ——荀况:《荀子·天论》 夫君子之行,静以修身,俭以养德,非淡泊无以明志,非宁静无以致远。 ——诸葛亮:《诫子书》 不念居安思危,戒奢以俭;斯以伐根而求木茂,塞源而欲流长也。 ——魏徵:《谏太宗十思疏》 霸祖孤身取二江,子孙多以百城降。

A novel dynamic call admission control policy for wireless network

To address the issue of resource scarcity in wireless communication, a novel dynamic call admission control scheme for wireless mobile network was proposed. The scheme established a reward computing model of call admission of wireless cell based on Markov decision process, dynamically optimized call admission process according to the principle of maximizing the average system rewards. Extensive simulations were conducted to examine the performance of the model by comparing with other policies in terms of new call blocking probability, handoff call dropping probability and resource utilization rate. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can achieve better adaptability to changes in traffic conditions than existing protocols. Under high call traffic load, handoff call dropping probability and new call blocking probability can be reduced by about 8%, and resource utilization rate can be improved by 2%-6%. The proposed scheme can achieve high source utilization rate of about 85%.

Progress in Research of Gas Hydrate

It is of great significance to study gas hydrate because of following reasons. （1） Most organic carbon in the earth reserves in the form of natural gas hydrate, which is considered as a potential energy resource for the survival of human being in the future. （2） A series of novel technologies are based on gas hydrate. （3） Gas hydrate may lead to many hazards including plugging of oil/gas pipelines, accelerating global warming up, etc. In this paper, the latest progresses in exploration and exploitation of natural gas hydrate, the development of hydrate-based technologies including gas separation, gas storage, CO2 sequestration via forming hydrate, as well as the prevention of hydrate hazards are reviewed. Additionally, the progresses in the fundamental study of gas hydrate, including the thermodynamics and kinetics are also reviewed. A prospect to the future of gas hydrate research and application is given.

A QoS-aware vertical handoff algorithm based on predictive network information

In converged heterogeneous wireless networks, vertical handoff is an important issue in radio resource management and occurs when an end user switches from one network to another （e.g., from wireless local area network to wideband code division multiple access）. Efficient vertical handoff should allocate network resources efficiently and maintain good quality of service （QoS） for the end users. The objective of this work is to determine conditions under which vertical handoff can be performed. The channel usage situation of each access network is formulated as a birth-death process with the objective of predicting the avaliable bandwidth and the blocking probability. A reward function is used to capture the network bandwidth and the blocking probability is expressed as a cost function. An end user will access the certain network which maximizes the total function defined as the combination of the reward fimction and the cost function. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the network performance, including higher bandwidth for end users and lower new call blocking and handoff call blocking probability for networks.

Mgr Gordana Ljubicic on Translation

The job of a translator is not an easy one. Very often, when translating from one language to another, the translator is faced with a lot of difficulties. The difficulties arise from the non-parallel structures of different languages, but there are other reasons, too. Although the translator is, in most cases, familiar with the grammar and syntax of the source-language, the problems arise when it comes to words. New words are produced every day in many different ways. Some of these new coinages acquire the status of the regular words of the English vocabulary, but some disappear with the changing of the situation for which they were invented. Very often, these new words are highly imaginative and clever products, but the problem for the translator is how to translate them. Is it possible to find an equivalent in the Serbian language for every newly invented word？ Is it possible to translate word for word？ And what is the role of a translator in that process？

Traditional Irrigation Management in Betmera-Hiwane, Ethiopia: The Main Peculiarities for the Persistence of Irrigation Practices

Traditional irrigation, as part of the ancient agricultural practices in northern Ethiopia （Tigray）, has persisted for long time since 500 B.C., while many newly introduced irrigation projects have usually failed there. The main objective of this study is thus to investigate the peculiarities pertinent to irrigation management and those having contributed for the persistence of traditional irrigation practices for a long period of time. The experience gained from such areas can definitely help make irrigation management system of new irrigation schemes sustainable. Betmera-Hiwane, one of the ancient traditional irrigation areas in Tigray region, was selected for the field study. Direct observations through field visits accompanied by interviews to farmers, local officials, local knowledgeable individuals and higher officials were made. After analyzing the collected primary and secondary information, the main peculiarities that contributed to the persistence of traditional irrigation areas were identified, and they are： constructed local rules, the presence of communally locally designed hydraulic control structures, ownership feeling of the irrigators and accountability of water distributors to the irrigation management, the culture for mobilizing communal resources and the culture of self-initiating local water management strategies.

Gynura root induces hepatic veno-occlusive disease:A case report and review of the literature

Gynura root has been used extensively in Chinese folk medicine and plays a role in promoting microcirculation and relieving pain.However,its hepatic toxicity should not be neglected.Recently,we admitted a 62-year old female who developed hepatic veno-occlusive disease(HVOD)after ingestion of Gynura root.Only a few articles on HVOD induced by Gynura root have been reported in the literature.It is suspected that pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Gynura root might be responsible for HVOD.In this paper,we report a case of HVOD and review the literature.

Rainfall Partitioning for Integrated Water Resources Management： Case Study of Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia

The Upper Blue Nile Basin, the highest sources of the Nile River flow through this area, is still under severe land degradation, which aggravates water scarcity. The productivity of subsistence farming is below 50% of the potential of agriculture, mainly because of inappropriate rainwater management. At farm level, rainwater is exposed to poor partitioning described as flooding, land degradation, siltation and water scarcity for domestic, irrigation, hydropower and environmental uses in the basin. Hence, it is one of the root causes of food-insecurity in the region. To reverse this situation and achieve increased rainwater productivity knowledge of rainfall partitioning at grassroots level is significantly important. However, rainwater partitioning and partitioning points are not clearly known by farmers in the area. Besides, understanding water-routes helps to manage rainwater with integrated water resources management （IWRM） processes. The objective of this study was to identify the knowledge gap of farmers and experts on rainwater partitioning that help for increased water productivity. Intensive monitoring and interviews have been carried out for 81 farmers and 22 local experts in three pilot sites. The interviewed farmers and experts are clearly aware of the runoff partitioning, since it is easily observable. While, only 10% of the farmers and 25% of experts know about evaporation partitioning, which is the largest compared to other losses. The paper gives recommendations for better understanding of rainfall partitioning points and management of water-routes at grassroots level to increase rainwater productivity and enhance food security in the area with IWRM processes.

Acute pancreatitis:Etiology and common pathogenesis

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas.The etiology and pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis have been intensively investigated for centuries worldwide.Many causes of acute pancreatitis have been discovered,but the pathogenetic theories are controversial.The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is gallstone impacting the distal common bile-pancreatic duct.The majority ofinvestigators accept that the main factors for acute billiary pancreatitis are pancreatic hyperstimulation and bile-pancreatic duct obstruction which increase pancreatic duct pressure and active trypsin reflux.Acute pancreatitis occurs when intracellular protective mechanisms to prevent trypsinogen activation or reduce trypsin activity are overwhelmed.However,little is known about the other acute pancreatitis.We hypothesize that acute biliary pancreatitis and other causes of acute pancreatitis possess a common pathogenesis.Pancreatic hyperstimulation and pancreatic duct obstruction increase pancreatic duct pressure,active trypsin reflux,and subsequent unregulated activation of trypsin within pancreatic acinar cells.Enzyme activation within the pancreas leads to auto-digestion of the gland and local inflammation.Once the hypothesis is confirmed,traditional therapeutic strategies against acute pancreatitis may be improved.Decompression of pancreatic duct pressure should be advocated in the treatment of acute pancreatitits which may greatly improve its outcome.

Varosha and Kyrenia： Where is Environmental Ethics？

At the beginning of the 20th century, the technological developments influenced the harmony between nature and people that appeared in ancient times. Thus, the harmony between nature and people started to destroy. Because of these changes, people started to gain control over nature and use it for their own needs. Then, people started to face with the environmental problems, such as increasing the use of petroleum and petroleum products, fast production of chemical drugs and new model cars, and the using of new communication technologies. In addition, other environmental problems can be shown as the increasing of population and the atomic waste. That is why the natural sources： air, water, and earth, which are the reason of our lives, are polluted by people. So, what are the environmental problems？ And how can we save our environment？ Hence, this short paper will use Varosha and Girne （Kyrenia） as an example to discuss the concept of environmental ethics and the environmental problems. Also the paper will be instantiated by the visual and verbal texts, such as photos and written signs. In short, the main aim of the paper is to create awareness, show the environmental problems at North Cyprus, think about these problems, and at the end try to find the solutions. And even this paper will suggest that technology and science are not enough to solve the problems. That is why, with the technological and scientific developments, we need new discourses to educate society, academicians, teachers, and specially children and youth through philosophy and media. Consequently, （~iicen （2011） mentions Bookchins＇ ideas that only people have extraordinary consciousness to create ethical system and judge others. Thus, the paper will work on Environmental Ethics and Environmental problems in North Cyprus （KapahMara~/Varosha and Girne/Kyrenia） in four parts. The first part will talk about philosophy and nature; the second and third parts define the meanings of Ethic and Environmental Ethics; and the last part of the paper will talk about the environmental problems of Varosha and Kyrenia and finish the paper with suggestions.

Initial Litter Chemical Indices as Selection Criteria of Organic Nutrient Resources for Enhancement of Soil Fertility for Smallholder Farmers in Southern Ethiopia

Nutrient release from applied organic nutrient source （ONS） depends on temperature, soil moisture, soil properties, their chemical composition and microbial activity. In order to apply ONS to fulfill the nutrient requirements of plants, knowledge of quality and quantity of chemical constituents of the ONS has paramount importance. Erythrina abyssinica （EA）, Erythrina brucei （EB） and Ensete ventricosum （EV）, the first two being nitrogen-fixing indigenous multipurpose agroforestry trees in Ethiopia, were randomly collected from Southern Ethiopia. The average total nitrogen （TN） contents of EA, EB and EV were 4.05%, 3.35% and 2.56%, respectively. Similarly, the mean total soluble polyphenolics contents were 0.052%, 0.023% and 0.19%, and the mean lignin contents were 9.7%, 12.6% and 6.5%, respectively. In general, these ONS had medium to high TN content. Thus, the ONS can be selected based on their quality, quantity and ratio of their chemical constituents as alternative or supportive organic sources. A ＂decision tree＂ is best fitted for selection of these ONS.

Effects of extrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure on work of breathing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective To investigate the effects of extrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPe) on work of breathing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their corresponding mechanism.Methods Ten ventilated patients with COPD were included in the study. A Bicore CP-100 pulmonary monitor (Bicore Monitoring System, USA) was used for monitoring respiratory mechanics. First, dynamic intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi,dyn) was measured when PEEPe was zero, which was called PEEPi,dynz. Then the PEEPe was set randomly at 0%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of PEEPi,dynz respectively. Pulmonary mechanics and other parameters (heart rate, blood pressure and blood gas analysis) were measured 30 minutes after the level of PEEPe was changed.Results Work of breathing patient (WOBp), pressure time product, difference of esophageal pressure and PEEPi,dyn decreased significantly when PEEPe was applied, and continued decreasing as PEEPe was increased. Work of breathing ventilator increased significantly when PEEPe was increased to 80% and 100% of PEEPi,dynz. Significantly positive linear correlation was found between the changes in WOBp and in PEEPi,dyn.Conclusions WOBp decreases gradually as PEEPe is increased. WOBp decreases by narrowing the difference between the alveolus pressure and the central airway pressure at the end of expiration when PEEPe is applied.

Effects of extrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure on cardiopulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective To choose one optimal extrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPe) for ventilated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to compare two methods for choosing the optimal level of PEEPe.Methods Ten ventilated patients with COPD were included in the study. First, static intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi,st) was measured when PEEPe was zero, and the PEEPi,st was called PEEPi,stz. PEEPe at 0%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% of PEEPi,stz, respectively, were applied randomly. Respiratory mechanics, hemodynamics, and oxygen dynamics were recorded 30 minutes after the level of PEEPe was changed.Results When PEEPe was not higher than 80% of PEEPi,stz, no measurement changed significantly. When PEEPe was increased to 90% and 100% of PEEPi,stz, PEEPi,st, peak inspiratory pressure, plateau pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and central venous pressure increased significantly, P<0.01. Cardiac output and left ventricular work index decreased significantly, P<0.01. Oxygen delivery decreased significantly, P<0.05. When PEEPe was increased to 100% of PEEPi,stz, the right ventricular work index decreased significantly, P<0.05.Conclusion Eighty percent of PEEPi,stz was the upper limit of PEEPe. The results of the two methods used to set the level of PEEPe were identical.

Numerical Analysis of a Wells Turbine at Different Non-dimensional Piston Frequencies

Wave energy is one of the renewable energy sources with the highest potential.Several pilot plants have been built based on the principle of the Oscillating Water Column(OWC).Among the different solutions that have been suggested,the Wells turbine has gained particular attention due to its simplicity and reliability.The majority of available studies concentrate on the steady operation of the Wells turbine,while only few analyze its performance under an unsteady and bi-directional air flow,as determined by the presence of the OWC system.In this work,experimental and numerical performance of a high-solidity Wells turbine with NACA0015 profiles have been compared,at different non-dimensional piston frequencies.The numerical simulations have been conducted using commercial CFD software and focus on unsteady predictions,with particular attention to the behavior of the flow upstream and downstream of the rotor,flow hysteresis between acceleration and deceleration phases and differences between intake and exhaust strokes due to the non-symmetrical configuration of the machine.