情境认知理论在高职高专英语教学中的运用

为了探讨符合高职高专特点的英语教学设计策略,通过选择08护理专业班级的学生为实验班级,同级的医用仪器专业班级为对照组。对实验班级采用情景认知理论进行英语教学,对照组采用传统英语教学方法。半年后,对比实验组和合对照组的英语学习情况。结果表明,实验组比对照组的课堂气氛活跃,学习积极性高涨,教学效果好,平均成绩显著提高。说明针对当前高职高专英语教学中存在的主要问题,以情境认知理论为指导,通过创设真实的或"接近"真实的英语认知情境,有助于帮助学生构建自己的认知结构。

论认知译境在英汉翻译中的作用

在认知语境概念基础上提出了认知译境的概念,并应用于指导英汉翻译实践。认知译境是翻译知识与认知语境的融合,由世界知识、语言知识和翻译知识三部分组成。提出了打破英语词性、句法和组构顺序等枷锁,按照汉语相应规范进行译文重构,通过化整为零、多用主语句和主题句、灵活转换词性、按汉语时空和逻辑顺序等手段重新组织文本的翻译策略。认知译境中的世界知识和语言知识是语言理解的基础,而翻译知识则是双语转换的依据。

社会主义核心价值观传播的三重境域

社会主义核心价值观的传播是一个多层次的思想提升与社会实践过程。从实践来看,社会主义核心价值观的传播一般会在三重境域上展开,即理论知识认知层次上的传播、思想观念认同层次上的传播以及实践行动贯彻层次上的传播。认知之境、认同之境、实践之境,这三重境域由浅入深、有序推进,有利于促成人们对社会主义核心价值观的知识理解、思想认同与实践贯彻,并形成"知识——思想——实践"的互动,从而实现传播的预期效果,促进社会主义核心价值观念转化为现实的物质力量。

On dynamic function of cognitive context

Sperber ＆ Wilson point out the cognitive nature of context when they explicate relevance theory. Cognitive context exerts its function dynamically. The process of communication is the participation of cognitive context. Without cognitive context, the verbal communication can not be realized.

The Processing Mechanism of Associative Meaning Under the Cognitive Context Based on Culture

Cognitive context is the cognitionalized context of language, situation and context of culture by the individual which is stored and stimulated in individual＇s mind when meaning is processed. The focus of this article is on context of culture cognitionalized by individuals. Cognitive context based on culture is the inner force of the processing of associative meaning. Cognitive context reflects the similarities and differences of the understanding of different cultural communities towards the world around them.

An Analysis of the Cognitive Constraints of Parody in the Context of Network Media

The language used in the context of network media features variation, flexibility, and comprehensiveness, in which parody is one of the most employed devices. Modern cognitive science prefers to take parody as a cognitive act rather than a sheer linguistic modification act, which has provided a new prospective for further research about parody in the context of network media. This paper aims to probe into the cognitive constraints in the mechanism of parody in the context of network media, in hope to make a detailed explanation of the cognitive process of it and to strengthen the comprehension and appreciation of it.

Ethics as an Active Self-construction of the Human

This paper will attempt to clarify the clear tendency, in our contemporary world, to look at ethics as something that ＂cures＂ all wrongs, all unbalance, and all evils from the political, environmental, to the business ones. For this reason, there is nothing better than to turn to ethics in order to ＂moralise＂ the system and the world, when the numerous news of fraud, injustice, and scandals are a part of everyday life in the business world and in our society. But, is this the role of ethics？ Can we reduce the aim of ethics to a mere technique？ In this paper, it is argued that ethics needs to be replaced in the epistemological scale of knowledge, where until now it has occupied a place at the top. Ethics needs to be repositioned in a different level of knowledge where we may find the roots of its foundation. It is also discussed that it is at the core of being that the experience of the action takes place and develops and in it, ethics takes root. Furthermore, it is suggested that understanding ethics from this point of view presupposes a new ethos around a relational poietics which privileges inter-subjectivity, self-creation, and an active and dynamic construction of the human and of the world.

Embodied Cognition From the Perspective of Vygotsky’s Socio-cultural Theory

Embodied cognition is an approach to cognition that departs from traditional Descartes’ mind-body dualism for its emphasis on bodily interactions with the environment. The paper firstly describes three distinctive features of embodied cognition. Furthermore, from the perspective of philosophical methodology, the paper outlines Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory and his contributions to the development of cognitive science. Three basic themes of Vygotsky’s writings are specifically described： genetic forces as a foundation of the study of mind, social origin of higher mental functioning, and mediation of sign systems in inter-mental and intra-mental functioning. Against the background of Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, we further discuss the interface between embodied cognition and Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory. It is claimed that bodily states and body-environment interactions are closely connected to sense-making. Embodied cognition should emphasize on the unity of body, mind, and cultural environment. Finally, the paper concludes with the influence of sociocultural theory on the study of embodied cognition.

Individual Care Pathways in the Context of Complex Therapeutic System--Therapeutic Model and Case Report

A complex multifactorial therapeutic system was established and developed during the past three years. Here present the basic approach and the individualized therapeutic strategies of this therapeutic system by examples of specific case reports. The aim of the study is to point out to the real mission of our outpatient care, namely psycho-social reintegration that is achieved by a therapy with a unique pattern. Case reports： 1. A 59-year-old female patient suffering from psychosomatic muscular tension, which started two years ago. After a partially effective cognitive-behavioral therapy a severe traumatic event in the patient＇s past in connection with the symptoms was revealed, then the trauma was processed via psychodynamic approach. 2. A 56-year-old female patient suffering from psychosomatic symptoms and depression went through a therapeutic healing process, which focused on the development and maturation of her personality （from a ＂child＂ to an ＂adult＂）. Conclusion： All the processes of the complex group-centered dynamic therapy proved more effective compared to the classic static relationship between the psychiatrist and the patient. The multifocal therapy is appreciated more and more in parallel to the experiences gained, making it easier to establish and strengthen the therapeutic alliance. The patients have positive feelings about the help given and the possibilities offered. The author＇s therapeutic team is appreciated by the patients and they regard the author＇s center as a peaceful location of their lives being under cover, where voluntarily and willingly they can participate in the individualized therapy with great success.

Synergetics as a Positivistic ＂Trick＂ for Philosophy

This paper substantiates the idea that particular science reflects only a certain angle of a complex model of the world. Guidance as to ＂adding＂ particular science data in order to achieve a holistic picture of the world is a philosophical outlook. The meaning of each relatively closed system is revealed only in the context of a more capacious system. According to the author, as the material world itself, its epistemic models as well are built according to the principle of ＂matryoshka dolls.＂ The rational and irrational are discussed in the paper as equal moments of scientific knowledge. Contrary to the importance given to randomness in synergy, the author considers if it is possible to find out the causes of all events. In order to do this, other viewpoints and structure levels should be considered. There is a hidden order in every chaos, and that is revealed only in a certain situation. The main issue is taking into account the counter action of the system with the environment.

AN EXPLORATION OF METACOGNITIVE STRATEGY USE TO EFL READING IN TEST AND NON-TEST SITUATIONS

This article reports on an investigation into the relationship of learners' use of metacognitive strategies to the EFL reading in test situation and non-test situation.The results suggested that(1) the use of metacognitive strategies had a positive relationship to the reading test performance;and(2) successful test-takers reported significantly higher metacognitive strategy use than unsuccessful ones in the test situation and non-test situation;(3) When the same strategies were used,successful test-takers reported significantly higher metacognitive strategy use than unsuccessful ones in the test situation and non-test situation.

Psychophysiological and cognitive effects of strawberry plants on people in isolated environments

In manned deep-space exploration,extremely isolated environments may adversely affect the mood and cognition of astronauts.Horticultural plants and activities have been proven to be effective in improving their physical,psychological,and cognitive states.To assess the effects of applying horticultural plants and activities in isolated environments,this study investigated the influence of viewing strawberry plants on the mood of people in a laboratory experiment as indicated by heart rate,salivary cortisol,and psychological scales.The results showed that heart rate and salivary cortisol were significantly decreased after viewing strawberry plants for 15 min.“Tension”and“confusion”scored using the Profile of Mood States negative mood subscales,and anxiety levels measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scale were also significantly reduced.This study further explored the impact of viewing strawberry plants on cognition.A notable reduction of the subjects’reaction time after 15-min plant viewing was observed.Based on these findings,a long-duration isolated experiment in a bioregenerative life support system—“Lunar Palace I”—was conducted.A similar trend was obtained that crew members’mood states were improved by viewing the strawberry plants,but no significant change was observed.This study provided some experimental evidence for the benefits of interacting with strawberry plants in isolated environments.

Measurements of the Cognitive Level of Ecotourists for the Tourism Environment in the Mountain Resorts

Tourists are the main body of tourism activities,and studying the environmental cognition of tourists is beneficial for the environmental management of scenic spots.In this article,data obtained by questionnaire were used to compose a data matrix of 169×10 dimensions,and the cognitive level of ecotourists for the tourism environment was measured by two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN)and detrended correspondence analysis(DCA)in Luya Mountain Nature Reserve.This analysis revealed three main points.(1)TWINSPAN divided all the samples into the strict environment protection type,the ordinary environment protection type,the occasional environment protection type,and the natural enjoyment type.Both the strict and ordinary environment protection types agreed with biocentrism and had a consciousness regarding the protection of nature,but the former advocated that tourism activities should be restricted in nature reserves,while the latter did not agree with restrictions on tourism activities.The occasional environment protection types denied biocentrism;on the one hand,they thought that nature should serve human beings,but on the other hand,they showed a tendency toward environmental protection.The natural enjoyment type argued that natural resources should be maximized to meet human needs.(2)There were significant correlations between the first axis of the DCA and gender,age,education,number of trips,and cognition of nature reserve function,and the second axis of DCA was significantly correlated with gender,age,and education level.Under the impact of all the factors in the DCA figure,ecotourist types transitioned gradually from the first type to the second,the third,and the fourth types along the diagonal line,and accordingly,their cognitive level for the tourism environment was reduced slowly.(3)For nature reserves,the strict environment protection type had 74 people,who was the most popular.The ordinary and occasional environment protection types had 43 people and 31 people,respectively,who should be strived to raise environmental awareness.The natural enjoyment type had 21 people,who must be systematically educated.

A STUDY OF METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES IN COMPUTER-ASSISTED COOPERATIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT

本研究旨在如何利用网络的资源优势和个性化学习优势以及合作学习的交互、交际优势创造一个以学生为中心、开放合作的学习环境,培养来自经济落后地区英语专业学生的学习自主性,帮助他们形成正确的学习和个人成长观念。本研究采取定性定量相结合的实证性研究方法进行,实验研究收集数据的主要工具是观察、调查问卷和访谈。对于通过调查问卷非开放性问题所得到的数据,研究者利用SPSS软件进行了整理和因子分析。分析结果表明,和传统的课堂教学环境相比,网络辅助合作学习环境确实有利于学生学习自主性的培养。