The method for calculating wall surface heat storage coefficient was introduced,and the coefficients of several common walls with light-weight external thermal insulation materials and the traditional solid clay brick...The method for calculating wall surface heat storage coefficient was introduced,and the coefficients of several common walls with light-weight external thermal insulation materials and the traditional solid clay brick wall were calculated.In order to study the impact of light-weight external thermal insulation materials,a contrasting experiment was carried out between an external insulated room and an uninsulated room in August,2010,in Chongqing,China.The result shows that outside surface heat storage coefficient of the insulated wall is much less than that of the traditional wall.However,during sunny time,the surface temperature of external walls of the insulated room is obviously higher than that of the uninsulated room.In different orientations,due to different amounts of solar radiation and being irradiated in different time,the contrasting temperature difference(CTD) appears different regularity.In a word,using light-weight external thermal insulation materials has a negative impact on building surrounding thermal environment and people's health.Finally,some suggestions on how to eliminate the impact,such as improving the surface condition of the building envelop,and plating vertical greening,are put forward.展开更多
＂Huge intelligent structure＂ was built by the Mughal Heroes in this Subcontinent. It was the process to prevent and to secure a city as well as the territory from any kind of disruption and disintegration through th...＂Huge intelligent structure＂ was built by the Mughal Heroes in this Subcontinent. It was the process to prevent and to secure a city as well as the territory from any kind of disruption and disintegration through the fortified walled profile. The strategies, approach, and positioning of those forts were governed by the contextual specification. All different forts of Mughals Empire had unusual notion of accomplishment. Fort architecture in the subcontinent was initially developed by the Mughals to protect the territory from the enemy. Later, those forts became huge and complex. The planning approach and the morphology of the fort architecture were justified according to the relative factor. The Mughal Fort is a Medieval-era building. The Mughal Fort improves the city＇s defensive strength and provides some culture at every turn, Building Walls is a prerequisite to settle the Mughal Fort. The Mughals were concern about environment. Mughals ruled most of the subcontinent until the mid-19th. During their rule they constructed elaborate forts across the countryside which served as administrative centers and living quarters for the occupiers. Bengal became a province of the Mughal Empire and was ruled from Delhi by the governors of Bengal （1576）.a Bengali river fort experienced lots of local and traditional influences only lbr being the river fort, stating from the component, elements of tbrts, and formal profile as well. Undoubtedly, Bengal conceived a different kind of river oriented fort, which has distinct characters. Even in the case of this fort formation, the Mughal had some strategic planning and morphology for spread city beyond the fort wall. The objective of the research is solely to identify distinguished characteristics and context specification and to analyze the morphology of the four-river fort architecture of East Bengal （Bangladesh）.展开更多
Nowadays, clients require solutions that are efficient during the service life as a whole. In this view, maintenance has functional value and greatly contributes to increasing quality in environments. With reference t...Nowadays, clients require solutions that are efficient during the service life as a whole. In this view, maintenance has functional value and greatly contributes to increasing quality in environments. With reference to maintenance phase and residual value of building products upon dismantling, the present manuscript investigates a set of technological packages of quality and technical value referred to two alternative facade systems available for recovery actions on Italian council buildings--the ETICS （external thermal insulation composite system） and the external cladding system--complying with one thermal-insulation strategy, but different in terms of service life duration. Preservation of technical value and value increases are strictly related to maintenance quality and efficiency. Volume of investments in maintenance is not the only parameter to be considered to assess facade-system-management quality. Time-accurate economic assessment requires the entity to be related to periodical checks on performance quality in the building system and in its parts. Effective technical data to draw up consistent estimates and appraisals are rarely available in literature. With all that stated above, the present manuscript aims at introducing technical data related to drawing up reliable cost estimates and effective appraisals in terms of economics, quality and environmental sustainability. Conclusions will be drawn from the end of the manuscript.展开更多
According to the status of the northern rural architecture analysis, the prevalence of high energy consumption, low comfort features, it is essential to design energy-efficient buildings in rural areas. Article resear...According to the status of the northern rural architecture analysis, the prevalence of high energy consumption, low comfort features, it is essential to design energy-efficient buildings in rural areas. Article research and analyze the layout of rural buildings, a variety of energy-saving technologies and building design measures development and utilization of new energy sources and other issues that can make rural buildings to save energy and improve the environmental quality of living of farmers. It also put forward some reasonable suggestions for carrying out residential building energy efficiency in cold areas.展开更多
The paper presents the description of a research work that has its main objective as the development of a technological tool for supporting building maintenance with resort to new information and visualization technol...The paper presents the description of a research work that has its main objective as the development of a technological tool for supporting building maintenance with resort to new information and visualization technologies. Three main components of the building were analyzed： roof, facades and interior walls. The ceramic tile roof covering constitutes a component of the building envelope and fulfils an important function in its performance, namely in its protection against the permeation of moisture and rain water. Facade coating plays a significant role in the durability of buildings, since it constitutes the exterior layer that ensures wall protection against aggressive actions of physical, chemical or biological nature. The paint coating, applied to interior walls while improving their aesthetic character, performs an important function of protection against deterioration agents related to building use. A survey was conducted of the main anomalies that occur in these components, their respective causes and the adequate interventions, in order to plan maintenance strategies. The collected information serves as a basis for the implementation of applications using interactive visualization technologies to support the planning of building maintenance. During this work, the basic knowledge related to the materials, the techniques of rehabilitation and conservation and the planning of maintenance is outlined and discussed. In addition, methods of interconnecting this knowledge with the virtual applications were explored. The implemented prototypes were tested in real cases. This research work provides an innovative contribution to the field of maintenance, supported by emergent virtual reality technology.展开更多
The environmental potential of perforated surfaces in the tropics is noticeable. They allow obtaining higher attenuation and spatial dispersion of both direct and diffuse lighting in indoor spaces, whereas in outdoor ...The environmental potential of perforated surfaces in the tropics is noticeable. They allow obtaining higher attenuation and spatial dispersion of both direct and diffuse lighting in indoor spaces, whereas in outdoor areas, the openwork elements reduce surfaces temperature and mitigate the characteristic glare of smooth surfaces when exposed to sunlight. Openwork walls have an immense sustainability potential in modern tropical buildings： they limit the solar rays＇ admission, as well as provide an advantageous use of natural light and cross ventilation, but the research on their solar behavior is scarce. In order to obtain suitable levels of solar gain, relationships among shape, proportion, thickness and partitions composing openwork elements must be studied. This research evaluates solar gain in perforated surfaces by defining the ＂solar applicability range＂, a property useful to identify intervals of guidance where a perforated pattern shape will present a definite solar gain, giving valuable input in the geometric design of openwork elements and introducing shade performance in the design of openwork walls. Results give geometric guidelines that allow to widen the solar applicability range of a perforation pattern and to define two perforation features that have impact on the solar performance of perforated surfaces： focalization and solar performance shift.展开更多
基金Project(2011BAJ03B13) supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China
文摘The method for calculating wall surface heat storage coefficient was introduced,and the coefficients of several common walls with light-weight external thermal insulation materials and the traditional solid clay brick wall were calculated.In order to study the impact of light-weight external thermal insulation materials,a contrasting experiment was carried out between an external insulated room and an uninsulated room in August,2010,in Chongqing,China.The result shows that outside surface heat storage coefficient of the insulated wall is much less than that of the traditional wall.However,during sunny time,the surface temperature of external walls of the insulated room is obviously higher than that of the uninsulated room.In different orientations,due to different amounts of solar radiation and being irradiated in different time,the contrasting temperature difference(CTD) appears different regularity.In a word,using light-weight external thermal insulation materials has a negative impact on building surrounding thermal environment and people's health.Finally,some suggestions on how to eliminate the impact,such as improving the surface condition of the building envelop,and plating vertical greening,are put forward.
文摘＂Huge intelligent structure＂ was built by the Mughal Heroes in this Subcontinent. It was the process to prevent and to secure a city as well as the territory from any kind of disruption and disintegration through the fortified walled profile. The strategies, approach, and positioning of those forts were governed by the contextual specification. All different forts of Mughals Empire had unusual notion of accomplishment. Fort architecture in the subcontinent was initially developed by the Mughals to protect the territory from the enemy. Later, those forts became huge and complex. The planning approach and the morphology of the fort architecture were justified according to the relative factor. The Mughal Fort is a Medieval-era building. The Mughal Fort improves the city＇s defensive strength and provides some culture at every turn, Building Walls is a prerequisite to settle the Mughal Fort. The Mughals were concern about environment. Mughals ruled most of the subcontinent until the mid-19th. During their rule they constructed elaborate forts across the countryside which served as administrative centers and living quarters for the occupiers. Bengal became a province of the Mughal Empire and was ruled from Delhi by the governors of Bengal （1576）.a Bengali river fort experienced lots of local and traditional influences only lbr being the river fort, stating from the component, elements of tbrts, and formal profile as well. Undoubtedly, Bengal conceived a different kind of river oriented fort, which has distinct characters. Even in the case of this fort formation, the Mughal had some strategic planning and morphology for spread city beyond the fort wall. The objective of the research is solely to identify distinguished characteristics and context specification and to analyze the morphology of the four-river fort architecture of East Bengal （Bangladesh）.
文摘Nowadays, clients require solutions that are efficient during the service life as a whole. In this view, maintenance has functional value and greatly contributes to increasing quality in environments. With reference to maintenance phase and residual value of building products upon dismantling, the present manuscript investigates a set of technological packages of quality and technical value referred to two alternative facade systems available for recovery actions on Italian council buildings--the ETICS （external thermal insulation composite system） and the external cladding system--complying with one thermal-insulation strategy, but different in terms of service life duration. Preservation of technical value and value increases are strictly related to maintenance quality and efficiency. Volume of investments in maintenance is not the only parameter to be considered to assess facade-system-management quality. Time-accurate economic assessment requires the entity to be related to periodical checks on performance quality in the building system and in its parts. Effective technical data to draw up consistent estimates and appraisals are rarely available in literature. With all that stated above, the present manuscript aims at introducing technical data related to drawing up reliable cost estimates and effective appraisals in terms of economics, quality and environmental sustainability. Conclusions will be drawn from the end of the manuscript.
文摘According to the status of the northern rural architecture analysis, the prevalence of high energy consumption, low comfort features, it is essential to design energy-efficient buildings in rural areas. Article research and analyze the layout of rural buildings, a variety of energy-saving technologies and building design measures development and utilization of new energy sources and other issues that can make rural buildings to save energy and improve the environmental quality of living of farmers. It also put forward some reasonable suggestions for carrying out residential building energy efficiency in cold areas.
文摘The paper presents the description of a research work that has its main objective as the development of a technological tool for supporting building maintenance with resort to new information and visualization technologies. Three main components of the building were analyzed： roof, facades and interior walls. The ceramic tile roof covering constitutes a component of the building envelope and fulfils an important function in its performance, namely in its protection against the permeation of moisture and rain water. Facade coating plays a significant role in the durability of buildings, since it constitutes the exterior layer that ensures wall protection against aggressive actions of physical, chemical or biological nature. The paint coating, applied to interior walls while improving their aesthetic character, performs an important function of protection against deterioration agents related to building use. A survey was conducted of the main anomalies that occur in these components, their respective causes and the adequate interventions, in order to plan maintenance strategies. The collected information serves as a basis for the implementation of applications using interactive visualization technologies to support the planning of building maintenance. During this work, the basic knowledge related to the materials, the techniques of rehabilitation and conservation and the planning of maintenance is outlined and discussed. In addition, methods of interconnecting this knowledge with the virtual applications were explored. The implemented prototypes were tested in real cases. This research work provides an innovative contribution to the field of maintenance, supported by emergent virtual reality technology.
文摘The environmental potential of perforated surfaces in the tropics is noticeable. They allow obtaining higher attenuation and spatial dispersion of both direct and diffuse lighting in indoor spaces, whereas in outdoor areas, the openwork elements reduce surfaces temperature and mitigate the characteristic glare of smooth surfaces when exposed to sunlight. Openwork walls have an immense sustainability potential in modern tropical buildings： they limit the solar rays＇ admission, as well as provide an advantageous use of natural light and cross ventilation, but the research on their solar behavior is scarce. In order to obtain suitable levels of solar gain, relationships among shape, proportion, thickness and partitions composing openwork elements must be studied. This research evaluates solar gain in perforated surfaces by defining the ＂solar applicability range＂, a property useful to identify intervals of guidance where a perforated pattern shape will present a definite solar gain, giving valuable input in the geometric design of openwork elements and introducing shade performance in the design of openwork walls. Results give geometric guidelines that allow to widen the solar applicability range of a perforation pattern and to define two perforation features that have impact on the solar performance of perforated surfaces： focalization and solar performance shift.
