粮食补贴政策对种稻大户采用增产型技术的影响

利用来自江苏省的调查数据,构建二元Logistic模型,在控制家庭特征因素、农业生产特征因素、粮食作物种植情况的条件下,实证研究粮食补贴政策因素对种稻大户采用增产型技术的影响。研究结果显示:在粮食补贴政策因素中,粮食补贴金额、补贴政策满意度均显著正向影响种稻大户采用增产型技术。在家庭特征因素中,务农人数所占比例、家庭人均月收入均显著正向影响种稻大户采用增产型技术。人均耕地面积显著负向影响种稻大户采用增产型技术。在农业生产特征因素中,专业化程度显著正向影响种稻大户采用增产型技术。在粮食作物种植情况中,水稻产量显著负向影响种稻大户采用增产型技术。在此基础上,得出提高种稻大户对粮食补贴政策的满意度、促进种稻大户家庭人均月收入增长、提高其专业化程度等政策启示。

增产型射孔技术在渤海油田的研究与应用

为了满足渤海油田射孔增产需求,通过“十三五”科技攻关和现场创新实践,渤海油田逐渐形成包括动态负压射孔技术、自清洁射孔技术、等孔径射孔技术、高性能气体压裂射孔技术和水淹层控水射孔技术在内的新型射孔增产技术体系,渤海油田射孔技术逐渐由“为生产射孔”向“为增产射孔”转变。新型增产射孔技术在锦州A、渤中B、垦利C等渤海多个油田进行了广泛应用,应用表明,在降低射孔对储层的污染、改善渗流能力、稳油控水、恢复油井产能等方面增产效果显著,有效满足了渤海油田射孔增产增效需求,为推动渤海油田实现上产4000×10^(4)t的“七年行动计划”目标提供技术支撑。

LPI-1型增产丙烯助剂问世

由洛阳石化工程公司工程研究院和洛阳分公司共同研发的LPI-I增产丙烯助剂获得成功，近日通过了由中国石化股份公司组织的技术鉴定。与会专家一致认为，该助剂通过对ZSM-5择形分子筛和栽体的改性，提高了对汽油烯烃裂化的选择性，在增产丙烯的同时防止汽油烯烃含量的提高，项目成果达到了国际同类产品先进水平。

我国粮食补贴政策的增产路径及其优化

虽然我国已实现粮食供求的紧平衡,但不断趋紧的国际粮食供应形势警示我们:粮食增产仍然是维护中国粮食安全的必要之举。我国的粮食直接补贴和良种补贴分别从激励资源投入和技术进步两个角度发挥着增产的功能,其中,促进播种面积增加的直接补贴效率显著,促进新技术扩散的良种补贴作用有限,我国粮食增产主要依赖数量型增长路径。然而,受土地资源约束,技术进步将是我国粮食可持续增产的保障。为维护粮食安全,中国需大力提高技术进步型补贴的力度,在新技术推广中完善风险控制机制,拓展技术进步型补贴种类,引导粮食增产从数量型向技术进步型转变。

水泥助磨剂应用中的一些问题

近年来我国液体助磨剂的生产使用取得了长足进步，但也遇到一些问题，这里简要分析如下。

何谓转基因食品

转基因食品是指利用以生物技术改良的动、植物和微生物所制造或生产的食品、食品原料及食品添加物等。针对某一或某些特性，以突变、植入异源基因或改变基因表现等生物技术方式，进行遗传因子的修饰，使动、植物微生物具备或增强此特性，可以降低生产成本，增加食品或食品原料的价值。 世界上第一种转基因食品是 1993年投放美国市场的西红柿。至今来源于动物、植物和微生物的转基因食品发展非常迅速，各种类型转基因食品应运而生。尽管至今尚未给转基因食品分类，但按惯例，按转基因的功能是可以对其分类的。到目前为止，大致可以分为以下几种类型：增产型、控熟型、高营养型、保健型、加工型。

Efficient production of transgenic chickens using self-inactive HIV-based lentiviral vectors

We demonstrated the simple and effective production of transgenic chickens, in which the enhanced green fluorescence protein （EGFP） was expressed by using third-generation self-inactive HIV-based lentiviral vectors. In our experiments, lentiviruses were injected into 204 fertilized eggs, from which 30 （15%） chickens were hatched. The exogenous gene was detected in the genomes of 16 out of 30 （53%） chickens. The green fluorescence signal was observed directly in various body parts, and was particularly significant in the testes. The transgenes were also found in the offspring of these chickens. The results indicate that HIV-based lentiviral vectors can be used to generate transgenic birds economically and effectively [ Current Zoology 55 （5）： 383 - 387,2009].

Novel biosensor-based microarray assay for detecting rs8099917 and rs12979860 genotypes

AIM:To evaluate a novel biosensor-based microarray(BBM) assay for detecting rs12979860 and rs8099917 genotypes.METHODS:Four probes specific for rs8099917C/T or rs12979860G/T detection and three sets of quality control probes were designed,constructed and arrayed on an optical biosensor to develop a microarray assay.Two sets of primers were used in a one tube polymerase chain reaction(PCR) system to amplify two target fragments simultaneously.The biosensor microarray contained probes that had been sequenced to confirm that they included the rs8099917C/T or rs12979860G/T alleles of interest and could serve as the specific assay standards.In addition to rehybridization of four probes of known sequence,a total of 40 clinical samples collected from hepatitis C seropositive patients were also tested.The target fragments of all 40 samples were amplified in a 50 μL PCR system.Ten μL of each amplicon was tested by BBM assay,and another 40 μL was used for sequencing.The agreement of the results obtained by the two methods was tested statistically using the kappa coefficient.The sensitivity of the BBM assay was evaluated using serial dilutions of ten clinical blood samples containing 10 3-10 4 white cells/μL.RESULTS:As shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,two target segments of the interleukin 28Bassociated polymorphisms(SNPs) were successfully amplified in the one-tube PCR system.The lengths of the two amplified fragments were consistent with the known length of the target sequences,137 and 159 bps.After hybridization of the PCR amplicons with the probes located on the BBM array,the signals of each allele of both the rs8099917 SNPs and rs12979860 SNPs were observed simultaneously and were clearly visible by the unaided eye.The signals were distinct from each other,could be interpreted visually,and accurately recorded using an ordinary digital camera.To evaluate the specificity of the assay,both the plasmids and clinical samples were applied to the microarray.First,30 PCR amplicons of the various SNP alleles were hybridized on the BBM microarray.Full agreement between plasmids and the BBM assay was observed,with 30/30 correct matches(100%).The kappa value for the BBM assay with plasmids was 1.00(P < 0.05).For the 40 clinical blood samples,the BBM assay hybridization and direct sequencing results were compared for each amplicon.For patient blood samples,agreement was 28/28 for rs8099917T/T,9/11 for rs8099917T/G,1/1 for rs8099917G/G,24/24 for rs12979860C/C,11/14 for rs12979860C/T,and 2/2 for rs12979860T/T.Only five clinical samples of amplicon assay and direct sequencing results were discordant and heterozygotes:2/11 rs8099917T/G and 3/14 rs12979860C/T.The agreement of outcomes between BBM assay and direct sequencing for the detection of rs8099917 and rs12979860 was 95% and 92.5%,respectively;and the corresponding kappa values were 0.88 and 0.85(A kappa value > 0.75 was defined as substantial agreement).The BBM assay and sequencing had similar specificities for detection and identification of the two SNPs and their alleles.The sensitivity evaluation showed that the BBM assay could detect and identify SNP sequences present in blood samples containing as few as 10 2 white blood cells/μL.CONCLUSION:This biosensor microarray assay was highly specific,sensitive,rapid and easy to perform.It is compatible with clinical practice for detection of rs8099917 and rs12979860.

Technology Gaps, Resource Allocation and Economic Growth of Large Late-starting Countries

In the evolution of economic growth drivers, technology gaps are a key variable that determines the efficiency of resource allocation. Analysis of an optimal resource allocation path based on an extended endogenous growth model reveals that economic growth drivers evolve from productive investment to R＆D investment and a shift from imitation to innovation. Empirical analysis based on China＇s provincial-level panel data suggests that the effect of productive investment and R＆D investment, as well as innovation and imitation, on economic growth and technological progress varies greatly among regions of disparate technology levels. As a late-starting country, China should properly allocate resources between productive investment and R＆D investment, and between imitational investment and innovative investment while advancing the transformation of economic growth patterns on a differentiated basis in light of regional technology disparities.

China＇s Industrial Transition and Upgrade to Sustainable Growth Model

China＇s transition to sustainable growth model in the coming years depends on the ability of its industrial sector to adapt and innovate. In the llth Five-Year Plan period, China entered the intermediate stage of industrialization and crossed the threshold to become a middle-income country. China＇s current industrial structure, therefore, which is still characteristic of early-stage industrialization, must transition to support intermediate and advanced industrialization. Although resource constraints will pose certain hurdles for this transition, the pressure of these constraints will ultimately serve to catalyze, rather than impede, sustainable industrial growth. Furthermore, industrial transition and upgrade will mean not only changes for the nation＇s industrial structure as a whole but also rethinking the strategic possibilities and direction of industry at the enterprise level. The key to success rests on China＇s ability to improve indigenous development and boost competitive advantage in international markets through the use of new, advanced technologies.

PRODUCTIVE GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE IN A STOCHASTICALLY GROWING OPEN ECONOMY

This paper employs a stochastic endogenous growth model with productive government expenditure in a small open economy to analyze the optimal fiscal policy. First, a stochastic model of a small open economy is constructed. Second, the equilibrium solutions of the representative agent＇s stochastic optimization problem are derived. Third, we obtain the equilibrium solutions of the central planner＇s stochastic optimization problem and the optimal government expenditure policy. Finally, the optimal tax policy is characterized.