重新认识投掷项目在十项全能运动中的地位——兼对各单项实际增分率的比较研究

本文针对新评分法执行以来,国际上全能运动出现徘徊局面,以及“投掷项目增分率低,得分难”的倾向性理论,结合当今世界上各单项的技术发展水平,以新评分表为参照系,着重于各单项实际增分率的深层探讨。研究发现,投掷项目的实际增分率处于中、上水平,为我国全能运动的发展和赶超世界水平提供理论依据。

护理干预联合恩必普治疗对社区缺血性脑卒中患者生活质量的影响

目的：探讨护理干预联合恩必普治疗对社区缺血性脑卒中（AIS）患者生活质量的影响。方法选择2012年1-12月期间在济宁医学院附属医院神经内科住院的105例AIS患者。所有患者被分为三组，其中对照组（33例）给予神经内科常规二级预防标准化预防药物，随访12个月；护理干预组（34例）给予神经内科常规二级预防标准化预防药物＋护理干预，随访12个月；护理干预＋恩必普组（38例）给予神经内科常规二级预防标准化预防药物＋护理干预＋恩必普强化治疗，随访12个月。采用美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分（NIHSS）评分差、日常生活能力评分（ADL）增分率评价干预效果，并对研究期间12个月内缺血性脑卒中复发事件进行统计。统计学处理采用SPSS 17.0统计软件对所得数据进行分析，各测量参数以均数依标准差表示，组间比较采用单因素方差分析和F检验，两两比较采用SNK-q检验，以P〈0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果三组间NIHSS评分差差异有高度统计学意义（F=9.116，P=0.007）；护理干预组、护理干预＋恩必普组与对照组比较，差异均有统计学意义（P=0.019、0.002），护理干预组与护理干预＋恩必普组比较，差异无统计学意义（P=0.219）。三组间ADL增分率比较，差异有高度统计学意义（F=222.864，P〈0.01）；护理干预组、护理干预＋恩必普组与对照组比较，差异均有高度统计学意义（均P〈0.01），护理干预组与护理干预＋恩必普组比较，差异无统计学意义（P=0.317）。三组AIS复发事件进行χ2检验，结果显示，护理干预组、护理干预＋恩必普组与对照组比较，差异均有统计学意义（χ2=4.51，P=0.032；χ2=3.01，P=0.036），而护理干预组与护理干预＋恩必普组比较，差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.78，P〉0.05）。结论积极的护理干预可以显著改善AIS患者生活质量；应用3个疗程的恩必普治疗＋护理干预效果不明显。

关于中国女子全能各单项发展潜力的综合评定

女子七项全能达到一定水平后,应优先发展部分项目更有利于总成绩的提高,研究的切入点不同,得出的结论可能会不一样。根据我国女子全能的现有水平,分别从各单项的得分率、各单项与总成绩的相关程度、各单项的发展速度、中外全能纪录的差距比较以及各单项的实际增分率(K_i)等不同视角对七项全能进行全方位的探讨,得出了全能各单项发展潜力的综合顺序为:铅球>200m、跳远>100m栏>800m、标枪>跳高。

从全能运动评分表的回归分析谈我国女子全能运动的发展方向

本文根据全能评分表,用回归分析方法,求出了女子7项全能各单项的评分近似公式.并由此导出了女子全能总评分近似公式.教练员可以借此对全能运动员的训练和比赛进行统筹规划.更重要的是:确定了女子全能单项的增分率,揭示并论证了各单项增分率的大小与各单项得分多少的内在联系,即各单项增分率的高低决定着它们对总得分影响的大小.从而弄清了影响女子全能成绩7个因素的主次.联系中外3次大赛的资料,就我国女子全能运动的发展作了分析与探讨.

中国女子七项全能发展方向的再研究

通过对女子七项全能运动现有水平的实质性研究,发现加速全国女子全能运动发展的有效途径在于:结合国情,既要缩短在跑、跳项目上与世界水平的差距,更要发挥投掷项目在国内(乃至世界)领先的优势,走适合中国田径运动发展的道路。

Entropy Increase and Nature of Separation

The entropy increase (EI) and the entropy increase per unit time (EIPUT) of the solute zone are chosen as new criteria of separation efficiency in chromatography and electrophoresis. It is verified by grand canonical ensemble (GCE) that the kinetic energy distribution of the solute is a common characteristic of the entropy and the distribution of solute zones.Under the assumptions. EI of the solute system is directly proportional to the logarithm of the difference between one and one half of the substantial separation ratio. the ratio of moles of a sparated solute to its total moles. and EIPUT is direchy proportional to corrected separation rate of separation system. EI or EIPUT is a important bridge between separation efficiency of chromatography or electrophoresis and operating parameters, especially. when nonequilibriumthermodynamics(NET) would be adopted.

An improved detail enhancement algorithm based on difference curvature and contrast field

The gradient image is always sensitive to noise in image detail enhancement. To overcome this shortage, an improved detail enhancement algorithm based on difference curvature and contrast field is proposed. Firstly, the difference curvature is utilized to determine the amplification coefficient instead of the gradient. This new amplification function of the difference curvature takes more neighboring points into account, it is therefore not sensitive to noise. Secondly, the contrast field is nonlinearly amplified according to the new amplification coefficient. And then, with the enhanced contrast field, we construct the energy functional. Finally, the enhanced image is reconstructed by the variational method. Experimental results of standard testing image and industrial X-ray image show that the proposed algorithm can perform well on increasing contrast and sharpening edges of images while suppressing noise at the same time.

Scale-Free Properties in Traffic System

In this work, we propose a new model of evolution networks, which is based on the evolution of the traffic flow. In our method, the network growth does not take into account preferential attachment, and the attachment of new node is independent of the degree of nodes. Our aim is that employing the theory of evolution network, we give a further understanding about the dynamical evolution of the traffic flow. We investigate the probability distributions and scaling properties of the proposed model The simulation results indicate that in the proposed model, the distribution of the output connections can be well described by scale-free distribution. Moreover, the distribution of the connections is largely related to the traffic flow states, such as the exponential distribution （i.e., the scale-free distribution） and random distribution etc.

Prediction of cavity growth rate during underground coal gasification using multiple regression analysis

During underground coal gasification （UCG）, whereby coal is converted to syngas in situ, a cavity is formed in the coal seam. The cavity growth rate （CGR） or the moving rate of the gasification face is affected by controllable （operation pressure, gasification time, geometry of UCG panel） and uncontrollable （coal seam properties） factors. The CGR is usually predicted by mathematical models and laboratory experiments, which are time consuming, cumbersome and expensive. In this paper, a new simple model for CGR is developed using non-linear regression analysis, based on data from 1 l UCG field trials. The empirical model compares satisfactorily with Perkins model and can reliably predict CGR.

The Fractional Power Law of Wind Wave Growth in Deep Water for Short Fetch

Combining the 3/2 power law proposed by Toba with the significant wave energy balance equation for wind waves, wave growth in deep water for short fetch is investigated. It is found that the variations of wave height and period with fetch have the form of power function with fractional exponents 3/8 and 1/4 respectively. Using these exponents in the power functions and through data fitting, the concise wind wave growth relations for short fetch are obtained.

Effects of compocasting process parameters on microstructural characteristics and tensile properties of A356-SiC_p composites

The effects of compocasting process parameters on some structural and tensile characteristics of the A356-10% SiCp (volume fraction) composites were studied. Semisolid stirring was carried out at temperatures of 590, 600 and 610 °C with stirring speeds of 200, 400 and 600 r/min for 10, 20 and 30 min. The distribution of the SiC particles within the matrix, porosity content and tensile properties of the obtained samples were examined. The structural evaluations show that by increasing the stirring time and decreasing the stirring temperature, the uniformity in the particle distribution is improved;however, by increasing the stirring speed the homogeneity firstly increases and then declines. It is also found that by increasing all of the processing parameters, the porosity content is enhanced. From the tensile characteristics viewpoint, the optimum values of the speed, temperature and time are found to be 400 r/min, 590 °C and 30 min, respectively. The contribution of the reinforcement distribution uniformity prevails over that of the porosity level to the tensile properties.

Probabilistic Evaluation for Commercial Real Estate Investments

Throughout the decision-making process, prudent investors must address questions regarding the probabilities of future profit gain. In this study, the probability-based discounted cash flow （DCF） method with net present value （NPV） as the indicator was adopted as an analysis tool. A probabilistic framework for measuring exceeding probability of annual rate of return on a commercial real estate investment under a specified holding period was developed. Based on the framework, the relation curves of annual rate of return versus the corresponding exceeding probability of return for available financing schemes were constructed. These curves were used as a tool to prioritize the schemes and inform decision-making. An example case is presented to demonstrate the decision-making process developed in this study. Through the proposed process, investors are given basic information on the return, probability that profit gain will occur, and feasibility of financial schemes for commercial real estate investments.

Drifting Sand Endangering Gezira Irrigation Scheme in Central Sudan, History and Impact

This study was carried out at Gezira area in Central Sudan that lies between longitude 32° and 32° 50＇ and latitude 14° and 14°15＇. It dealt with the history of the sand, its source and rate of movement towards Gezira scheme and monitored the trend of blowing sand over 10 years. To find out the origin of drifting sand, sand samples were collected from the sandy area west to the White Nile and from the study area. Heavy minerals analysis was carried out on these samples and its mineral assemblage was matched with the mineral of both sand at western bank of the White Nile and the Blue Nile. To picture the trend of moving sand, Multispectral Scanning System （MSS, 1975）, and Thematic Map （TM, 1985） were used to delineate the sandy areas and their trend with time. The rate of the blowing sand was quantified using Bottemane sand catcher. The heavy mineral results showed that the mineral of the drifting sand in the study area are quite similar to the sand of sand dune west to the White Nile indicating the same origin. The sand was transported by southern and southwestern winds through a corridor across the White Nile to its eastern bank, where the most likely water transported sediment was reworked by wind and transported further to the northeast. Between 1972 and 1985, the sand invaded the area at an average rate of about 30 km2 per year and map of 1985 demonstrated a corridor across the White Nile for sand movement. The area was subject to 7 days sand storm with an average of 35 kg/m.d and in summer time, the average amount of moving sand was about 28 kg/m.d. These results demonstrated the future hazard of drifting sand and its impact, which has to be tackled immediately to protect Gezira scheme.

Spatial-temporal Evolution Pattern of Agricultural Productivity in Northwestern Sichuan Plateau

Currently, the agricultural growth in developed countries mainly relies on the improvement of productivity, which is also the target for China. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to describe the spatial-temporal evolution pattern of agricultural productivity, to reveal changes in total factor productivity in 2ooo-2olo, and analyze the impact of these changes in northwestern Sichuan plateau, China. Using data envelopment analysis （DEA） and the Malmquist Index, an in-depth study was conducted on agricultural productivity and changes in total factor productivity of 31 counties in northwestern Sichuan plateau. Results indicated that： （1） geographically, counties with optimal efficiency were mainly located in the north of northwestern Sichuan plateau and those with the lowest efficiency, in the south; （2） relative to pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency was the dominant factor in determining agricultural productivity; （3） the redundancy rate of input factors in zolo was slightly lower than that in zooo, thereby indicating an improved utilization of input factors to a certain extent and a great potential for further improving such utilization; （4） during the 2ooo-2olo period, the agricultural total factor productivity had an average annual growth rate of 8.3%, but the growth rates in various regions differed widely; （5） technical progress was the dominant factor promoting the improvement of total factor oroductivitv inagriculture. The disparities in spatial distribution may be due to the differences of natural conditions, former level agricultural productivity between counties. The findings are valuable for the government to make sustainable development policies for agriculture and improving agricultural development in northwestern Sichuan plateau.

SuperView-1- China＇s First Commercial Remote Sensing Satellite Constellation with a High Resolution of 0.5 m

SuperView-I satellite constellation （SuperView-I for short） is the first commercial remote sensing constellation with a resolution down to 0.5 m. It＇s an important part of the national spatial information infrastructure construction. It will play an important role for the global users providing remote sensing data, application solutions and remote sensing value-added services with its highresolution and 24-hour observation capability. At present, 4 satellites of the constellation have been successfully launched and networked on orbit. The services cover surveying and mapping, land resource surveying, urban planning, agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, geological mining, environmental monitoring, defense, disaster reduction along with other traditional industries. There are also great potential applications in Mobile Intemet, LBS, Smart city, insurance and other emerging professions. The successful operation of SuperView-I breaks the overseas monopoly for commercial high-resolution remote sensing satellite imagery in the China market. It＇s one of the major achievements in China space science and technology by actively exploring the development of commercial remote sensing markets, which is of strategic significance to the development of China remote sensing satellite business.

Renminbi Internationalization and Stability of the International Monetary System

This paper investigates the stability of the international monetary system using the new open economic analysis framework. Our research has discovered that conditions for the stability of the international monetary system are such that the economic volume of reserve currency countries must be large enough and that the solvency capacity growth rate of reserve currency countries should be no lower than the real output growth rate of non- reserve currency countries and the real return of the reserve currency,＂ the existence of the valuation effect cannot secure the stability of a reserve currency,＂ and inclusion of the euro and the Japanese yen into international reserve currencies cannot stabilize the international monetary system, while Renminbi internationalization plays an irreplaceable role to the stability of the international monetary system.

Influence of stocking density on growth, body composition and energy budget of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in recirculating aquaculture systems

Atlantic salmon Salmo salar were reared at four stocking densities--high density D1 （final density -39 kg/m^3）, medium densities DE （-29 kg/m^3） and D3 （~19 kg/m^3）, and low density D4 （-12 kg/m^3）- for 40 days to investigate the effect of stocking density on their growth performance, body composition and energy budgets. Stocking density did not significantly affect specific growth rate in terms of weight （SGRw） but did affect specific growth rate in terms of energy （SGRe）. Stocking density significantly influenced the ration level （RLw and RLe）, feed conversion ratio （FCRw and FCRe） and apparent digestibility rate （ADR）. Ration level and FCRw tended to increase with increasing density. Fish at the highest density D~ and lowest density D4 showed lower FCRe and higher ADR than at medium densities. Stocking density significantly affected protein and energy contents of the body but did not affect its moisture, lipid, or ash contents. The expenditure of energy for metabolism in the low-density and high-density groups was lower than that in the medium-density groups. Stocking density affected energy utilization from the feces but had no effect on excretion rate. The greater energy allocation to growth at high density and low density may be attributed to reduced metabolic rate and increased apparent digestibility rate. These findings provide information that will assist selection of suitable stocking densities in the Atlantic-salmon-farming industry.

Research on Novel Natural Image Reconstruction and Representation Algorithm based on Clustering and Modified Neural Network

In this paper, we conduct research on the novel natural image reconstruction and representation algorithm based on clustenng and modified neural network. Image resolution enhancement is one of the earliest researches of single image interpolation. Although the traditional interpolation and method for single image amplification is effect, but did not provide more useful information. Our method combines the neural network and the clustering approach. The experiment shows that our method performs well and satisfactory.

Effect of Climatic Factors on the Radial Growth of Teak （Tectona grandis L.F.） in Parakou and Tchaourou Districts in Northern Benin

Climatic factor＇s effect was studied on the radial growth of teak （Tectona grandis L.F.） by using the stem analysis of 36 trees distributed in 6 plantations in Parakou and Tchaourou districts in northern Benin. The results showed that the plantations of Parakou were in general more productive than those of Tchaourou. The annual average growth was estimated in the first five years at 0.86 cm/year for Parakou and 0.76 cm/year at Tchaourou. The analysis of the radial growth showed that a significant percentage of the variance was allotted to the growth model. It follows that a big part of the ring width was predetermined before the intervention of the other factors, in particular the climatic conditions. The percentage of the variance related to the climatic conditions was thus more reduced for the plantations of Tchaourou than those of Parakou. The radial growth was influenced by the conditions of humidity （evapotranspiration, humidity and rain） of February to May on the one hand and those from August to October on the other hand.

In vitro incubation of cytokine-induced killer cells from patients with and without hepatitis B virus and a cell subset analysis

Objective The aim of the study was to explore the difference between immune cell subsets during the incubation of cytokine-induced kill cells （CIKs） from patients with and without hepatitis B virus （HBV）. Methods Peripheral blood samples were extracted from 50 tumor patients, and were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of HBV. The proliferation rate and activity of CIK cells were examined based on counts on days 1, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 of culture. Additionally, the CD3＋, CD4＋, CD8＋, CD3＋CD8＋, C＋）3＋CD4＋, and CD3＋CD56＋ T cell populations were analyzed by flow cytometry on days 5, 7, 10, 13, and 15 of culture. Results Proliferation over a 15-day period was higher in the HBV-positive group than in the negative group （280-fold vs. 180-fold increase, respectively）, but there was no significant difference between the two groups at each time point. The frequencies of CD3＋, CD8＋ T, CD3＋CD8＋, and CD3＋CD56＋T cells increased over time, while those of CD4＋ and CD3＋CD4＋ T cells decreased over time, and these changes were greater in the positive group than in the negative group. The differences in CD8＋ T cells and CD3＋CD4＋ T cells between the two groups were significant （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The proliferative capacity of CIK cells was higher for patients in the HBV-positive group than those in the HBV-negative group, and immune cell subsets were more favorable in the HBV-positive group than the neaative arouD.